General Office of the State Council forwarded to the State Education Commission,
Notice of the Ministry of Public Security and the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League on Running Work-study Schools Well
Some general comments
People's governments of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, ministries and commissions and institutions directly under the State Council:
The State Education Commission, the Ministry of Public Security and the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League "Several Opinions on Running Work-study Schools Well" have been approved by the State Council and are hereby forwarded to you. We hope to conscientiously implement it in the light of local specific conditions.
Over the past few years, work-study schools held in various places have played an important role in educating and saving juvenile delinquents and achieved good results. It should be noted that this special form of education is necessary as long as there is the erosion of decadent capitalist ideas and juvenile delinquency in society. Local people's governments should take running reform-study schools well as an integral part of strengthening the construction of socialist spiritual civilization and earnestly do a good job.
Upon receipt of this notice, the Notice of the State Council on Approving the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Public Security and the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League on Launching the Pilot Program of Running Reform-through-School (Guo Fa [1981] No.60) shall be invalidated.
General Office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China
June 17, 1987
Some views on running reform-study schools well
Work-study schools are schools that educate and save middle school students who commit crimes and minor crimes, and will be indispensable for a long time to come. Education departments in all localities, especially in large and medium-sized cities, should, under the leadership of local Party committees and people's governments and with the assistance of relevant departments, proceed from reality, take active measures to establish and run reform-study schools, and strengthen the education and rescue work for middle school students who violate the law and commit minor crimes. The following opinions are put forward on the relevant issues of running reform-study schools well.
First, the nature, tasks and guiding ideology of the work-study school
Work-study school is a work-study school that provides special education for middle school students who commit crimes and minor crimes. It is a special form of general education and an indispensable form of education for the implementation of nine-year compulsory education. We should gradually create conditions to turn such schools into vocational and technical education schools.
The task of the reform school is to fully implement the education policy, educate and save students who violate the law and commit minor crimes to become ideal, moral, educated and disciplined socialist citizens, and master certain productive labor technology and vocational skills.
Reform schools should adhere to the guiding ideology of "based on education, saving children, educating people scientifically and cultivating talents", care for, love and respect students, and cannot discriminate against or exclude students.
Second, ideological and political education and student management
Reform schools must take changing students' thoughts as the primary task and infiltrate ideological and political education into the specific work of the school. Every faculty member has the responsibility to educate students.
It is necessary to closely combine students' ideological reality and earnestly strengthen patriotism education, socialist moral education, socialist democracy and legal education, and education on ideals, future and outlook on life. Conscientiously implementing the students' code of conduct, helping students distinguish right from wrong, recognizing and correcting mistakes, establishing progressive ideas, and developing good moral character and behavior habits have become useful talents in socialist modernization.
We should adhere to the principle of giving priority to positive education. In-depth understanding of the causes of students' illegal crimes, mastering their ideological trends and psychological characteristics at any time, and doing painstaking and meticulous ideological transformation work. Be enthusiastic about students, be strict with them, inspire and guide them, and educate them patiently. Attention should be paid to mobilizing students' positive factors and praising and encouraging the advanced. To prevent simple and rude, corporal punishment and disguised corporal punishment are strictly prohibited. Students who confess illegal and criminal acts shall be lenient or exempted from handling; Exposing and exposing bad people should be encouraged and protected.
According to the characteristics of work-study students, we should carry out various forms of educational activities, put ideological and moral education in various collective activities, and gradually establish a collective with correct public opinion, excellent style and consistent goals.
A strict scientific management system must be established. Students in work-study schools should concentrate on accommodation and management. We should set strict demands on students and organize them to live a disciplined life. It is necessary to distinguish students' different situations and conduct management education at different levels. For a very small number of students who continue to commit crimes despite repeated admonitions, they should be sent to the public security and judicial departments for legal treatment.
Work-study schools should implement separate classes for men and women or separate schools for men and women. Each class is equipped with one or two effective class teachers. Girls' classes should be equipped with female teachers as class teachers.
Work-study schools should establish mass organizations such as student unions and class committees, and they can also establish Communist Youth League organizations to give full play to their functions. For students who have changed and have the conditions of the Communist Youth League, they should develop into league members.
Third, teaching work.
Improving students' cultural and scientific knowledge in reform schools is the requirement of implementing nine-year compulsory education, and it is also an important way to urge students to distinguish right from wrong and change their minds. All schools should do a good job in teaching reform and strive to improve the quality of teaching so that students can gradually meet the basic requirements of nine-year compulsory education.
Generally speaking, the study period of a reform-study school can be determined as two to three years according to the students' original educational level and educational performance.
The reform school mainly offers courses such as ideological and political, Chinese, mathematics, history, geography, physical education, music, fine arts and vocational and technical education, as well as lectures on physical health knowledge. Other courses can be offered according to the actual situation. The teaching hours per week shall not be less than twenty-four hours.
Ideological and political courses are mainly moral education and legal education. According to the actual level of students, the teaching plan and progress of cultural courses are formulated, and ordinary middle school textbooks or self-compiled textbooks and supplementary textbooks are selected. Chinese, mathematics and other major courses should reach the graduation level of junior high school (including primary vocational and technical schools). For a few students with higher education level, classes are arranged according to their actual education level. It is necessary to offer vocational and technical education courses in a planned way.
Four. Vocational and Technical Education and Productive Labor
Ideological and cultural education in reform schools must be combined with vocational and technical education, and the form of running schools should be adapted to local conditions. You can run vocational and technical education classes, vocational and technical education courses, and other forms. Vocational and technical education in reform schools should be incorporated into the unified planning for the development of local vocational and technical education.
Students should be regularly organized to participate in productive labor, and productive labor and vocational and technical education should be included in the teaching plan. Schools should run factories, farms or service industries well and provide necessary labor and vocational and technical training places for students. Participate in labor not less than 12 hours per week, and the labor intensity should be appropriate. Pay attention to safety and give necessary care to female students and young and weak students. This will help students to reform their thinking, cultivate their outlook on labor, develop their working habits, master a productive labor technology or vocational skills, and lay the foundation for employment after graduation.
The net income of school-run factories, farms and other school-run enterprises, in addition to expanding reproduction, is mainly used to improve school conditions and subsidize teachers and students to participate in labor.
People's governments at all levels should organize the Planning Commission, the Economic Commission and the finance and taxation departments to help reform-and-study schools set up and run factories, farms and other enterprises well, and support the solution of supply and marketing problems in various ways. Tax incentives for factories, farms and other enterprises run by work-study schools shall be implemented in accordance with the current tax regulations. Enterprises such as school-run factories and farms that have been set up shall not be merged at will.
Verb (verb's abbreviation) Work-study school enrollment
The enrollment target of reform-study schools is middle school students who have committed illegal or minor crimes and are not suitable to stay in the original school, but do not have the conditions of reeducation through labor, juvenile detention or criminal punishment (including students under the age of 17 who have been expelled from school or voluntarily dropped out of school and are homeless in society). The admission of work-study students must be approved by the local county education bureau and the public security bureau. Schools and streets should jointly do a good job in the ideological work of parents and students. After examination and approval, the public security department should actively help the school recruit those who should enter the reform school and refuse to report, or who flee halfway after reporting.
The living and study expenses of the students in the work-study school are borne by their parents. If they have difficulties, they can apply for a grant. The specific measures for the implementation of grants in reform-study schools shall be formulated by the competent departments of education and finance of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government where the schools are located. Orphans who have committed illegal or minor crimes and were originally supported by the civil affairs department and sent to the social relief fund shall still be paid by the civil affairs department.
Sixth, the way out for the students in the reform school.
Those who persist in studying at school, can receive education, correct their mistakes, abide by the law, and pass the examination of cultural and vocational and technical courses are allowed to graduate. Work-study students who graduated from junior high schools shall be issued junior high school graduation certificates or junior vocational and technical training certificates by the original schools or schools, and graduated in the name of vocational and technical schools founded by the original ordinary middle schools or work-study schools.
After graduation, students in reform-school can enter higher education, join the army or get employment without discrimination. Graduates with good academic performance are allowed to go back to ordinary middle schools to continue their studies with the approval of the education department. Students who have graduated from vocational classes and obtained employment after examination shall be treated as graduates of the same vocational school according to their vocational and technical education level. Local people's governments should attach importance to the placement of graduates from reform-study schools, and labor and other relevant departments should actively create conditions and seriously solve their employment problems. The administrative department for industry and commerce shall, in accordance with the provisions, issue business licenses to qualified students who are willing to engage in self-employment.
Students' performance in the work-study school during their school days is written by the class teacher and the school, and transferred with them when they graduate or graduate; His error file is kept by the original reform school.
Seven, the teaching staff
Teachers in reform schools must be able to conscientiously implement the party's line, principles and policies, love reform education, have good moral character, decent style, have a certain professional level and strong management ability, be healthy and be competent for reform education. Local education departments should adopt various channels to solve the source of teachers in work-study schools. We should carefully select qualified middle school teachers and fresh graduates from normal universities to work in reform-and-study schools, and plan to equip a certain number of outstanding teachers as the backbone. Teachers who are not suitable for work-study education because of moral quality problems should be resolutely transferred. The majors of pedagogy, psychology, politics and religion in normal universities should undertake the task of directionally cultivating and training teachers in reform-study schools. All localities should train teachers and cadres in on-the-job reform schools in a planned way, and invite experienced experts in pedagogy, psychology, sociology and law to give lectures and exchange experience in running schools.
Vigorously strengthen teachers' ideological and political work, constantly improve teachers' ideological level and professional level, and strive to build a team of teachers with correct educational ideas, unity and vigor, and lead students forward.
Principals, teachers and employees of reform-through-labour institutions (including those working in reform-through-labour institutions under the Ministry of Public Security) are given certain post allowances respectively. Allowance standards shall be put forward by the departments of education, commerce, labor and finance of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government and submitted to the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government for approval. As a class teacher, allowances shall be paid in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state. Other benefits are the same as ordinary middle schools. Considering the characteristics of work-study education, it is necessary to effectively solve the problems of staff housing, separation between the two places, children's further education and employment. The characteristics of work-study education should be considered in the professional assessment and professional title evaluation of teaching staff. There should be more than one work-study school when evaluating models and selecting the best ones. Faculty and staff who have made contributions to the education and rescue of students who commit crimes and minor crimes shall be strongly commended and rewarded. The local people's government shall give appropriate care to outstanding teaching staff who have been engaged in work-study education for a long time when they retire.
VIII. Leadership and Management
The people's government where the reform school is located should have a leading cadre in charge of the education of the reform school, and gradually establish a reform school management committee composed of the heads of the relevant departments of public security, justice, education, the Communist Youth League, women's federations, labor, finance and the principals of the reform school. Management Committee should conscientiously implement the relevant provisions of the higher authorities, organize and coordinate the work between the relevant departments, implement various measures, and run the work-study school well.
The daily work of the reform school is led and managed by the local education department, and the public security department and the Communist Youth League should give great assistance. The education department is responsible for deploying the leaders and teachers of the reform-school and leading the daily education, teaching and administrative business. According to the needs, the public security department can send a qualified cadre to participate in the leadership of the school, and under the unified leadership of the school, send several policemen to the reform school to investigate and verify cases and assist in legal education. The personnel, wage relations and various welfare benefits of the original departments of public security policemen sent to work in reform-through-school schools remain unchanged.
All work-study schools with more than 100 students are treated as complete middle schools; Due to the limitation of school conditions, reform-study schools with less than 100 students but no less than 60 students have played a great role in educating and saving young people. Those with achievements can also be a complete middle school. Work-study schools with outstanding achievements and great contributions can be treated as key middle schools in provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government.
Local education departments should select cadres who can correctly implement the party's line, principles and policies, understand the teaching business and educational laws, and have certain educational experience as the principals of reform-and-study schools. The principal of the reform-study school is nominated by the local education department and submitted to the local people's government for appointment, and the vice principal is nominated by the principal and submitted to the local education department for appointment. The leaders and backbones of the reformed schools should remain relatively stable and should not be easily replaced without special reasons.
All sectors of society should attach importance to, care for and support the work of reform-study schools. In particular, the Communist Youth League, trade unions, women's federations, sub-district offices and police stations should jointly do a good job in parents' work and do a good job in off-campus management education; Propaganda, culture, economy, finance, labor, commerce and other relevant departments should actively cooperate.
Nine. Institutional setup and staffing
Generally, the scale of the reform school is not less than 100 students, and it is appropriate to have about 25 students in each class.
Work-study schools generally have guidance offices, general affairs offices and offices. Larger schools can set up production offices to manage school-run factories, farms and service industries. Attention should be paid to streamlining institutions and enriching front-line teaching staff.
The establishment of teachers can be higher than that of ordinary middle schools, and each teaching class is generally not less than four people. Staffing, all localities can be determined from reality.
X. Economic expenses
The capital investment and business expenses (including the start-up expenses of vocational and technical classes run by reform-through-labour schools) required for the establishment of reform-through-labour schools shall be arranged by the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government as a whole, and included in the local capital construction investment plan and education expenditure budget respectively, and the expenditure standards shall be studied and formulated by the education and finance departments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government. The special education funds required by the reform school, such as staff allowances, student grants, vocational and technical education funds and necessary living equipment expenses, should be arranged and guaranteed as a whole.
XI。 Educational scientific research
The education of illegal and criminal students is an important topic of ideological education for middle school students at present. It is of great significance to deeply study the causes and laws of illegal crimes committed by reform-study students and summarize the experience of education rescue work in reform-study schools around the world. Work-study schools around the country should closely combine the practice of education to save illegal and criminal students and carry out educational scientific research. At the same time, establish a national research organization for work-study education and carry out work-study education and scientific research activities in a planned way.
State Education Commission
Ministry of Public Security
Central Committee of the Communist Youth League
1April 7, 987