The establishment of Xianyang administrative divisions began in Xia Dynasty. Shang dynasty developed to Thailand, Shu, Cheng, dog and other countries. The Zhou Dynasty centered on Feng and Gao, and was surrounded by Ge and Qin. 350 years ago, Qin Xiaogong moved the capital to Xianyang and established a county system in Qin. After the reunification of the Qin Dynasty, Xianyang, the capital, was established, with a history of literature, and the whole Guanzhong area was elected by the people. At the end of Qin Dynasty, Xiang Yu was divided into three kingdoms, namely, Yong, Zhai and Sai, which were called "Sanqin". The urban area belongs to Yong in the west and Sai in the east. The Western Han Dynasty set up three counties in Guanzhong, namely, Jing Zhaoyin, Zuo Fengyi and You Fufeng, with the number "Three Auxiliary". This city belongs to Fufeng County and Fengyi County, and today's Changwu area belongs to Shang Jun County. The Eastern Han Dynasty moved to Fufeng County to rule Li Huai (now southeast of Xingping City). During the Wei Dynasty, the Three Kingdoms belonged to Fufeng, Xinping (the county ruled by Qi County, now Binxian West) and Fengyi County, and the Western Jin Dynasty belonged to Fufeng Yongzhou (the county ruled by Chiyang, now the northwest of Jingyang County), Shiping (the county ruled by Li Huai) and Xinping Anding County. The former Qin Dynasty established Xianyang County in Changling. During the Northern Dynasties, it belonged to Xianyang, Anding and Beidi counties in Yongzhou. The Tang Dynasty belonged to Jingzhao Prefecture and Yizhou. The Five Dynasties belonged to Jingzhaofu, Yaozhou, Ganzhou and Taizhou. Song belongs to Jingzhaofu, Yaozhou, Yizhou and Yizhou. Gold belongs to Jingzhaofu, Ganzhou, Yaozhou and Chunzhou in Qingyuan on Jingzhaofu Road. Yuan belongs to Fengyuan Road, Zhongshu Province, Shaanxi Province, and directly belongs to Yaozhou, Ganzhou and Yizhou. Ming and Qing Dynasties belonged to Anzhou, Ganzhou and Taizhou. At the beginning of the Republic of China, it belonged to Guanzhong Road in Shaanxi Province, followed by the 10th, 2nd, 7th and 9th administrative supervision areas, and the northern part belonged to Guanzhong District in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region. At the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, it belonged to Sanyuan, xian county and Xianyang, and was merged into Xianyang in 1950; Xianyang was abolished in 1953; it was relocated in 19 1 year, and changed to a district in 1968. 1983 10 revoked the area, established Xianyang city, and implemented the system of city governing county.
Xianyang City is located in the middle of Guanzhong Plain, with the latitude between107 39 ′-109/1′ and 34 9 ′-35 34 ′. North-south length117-19 km, east-west width 65- 106 km. Weinan and Tongchuan in the east, Xi in the south, Baoji and Yangling in the west, Qingyang and Pingliang in Gansu in the north. It has jurisdiction over Xingping, Qin Dou, Weicheng and Wugong, Ganxian, Liquan, Jingyang, Sanyuan, Yongshou, Binxian, Changwu, Xunyi and Chunhua counties. Total area 10 196 square kilometers, population 4.83 million. There are 473 people per square kilometer of land, with a high population density.
The city is located in the middle of Weihe graben basin, adjacent to Ordos platform in the north and Qinling geosyncline in the south. The landform types are layered river terraces and loess tablelands. The terrain is high in the northwest and low in the southeast, showing a ladder shape. Weihe River, the main river, flows through Shinan District from west to east, and Jinghe River runs through the whole territory from northwest to southeast, forming two major water systems, Jinghe River and Weihe River. East-west mountain ranges such as Emei Mountain, Beizhong Mountain, Jiuzhang Mountain and Wufeng Mountain run through the central part, dividing the city into two natural areas: Guanzhong Plain in the south and Loess Plateau in the north. The southern region, with fertile soil, mild climate and distinct seasons, is the main grain and oil planting base. The loess plateau in the north is the main base of animal husbandry and forestry and fruit industry, with vertical and horizontal gullies, large temperature difference and slightly longer winter and spring. The northern part is rich in underground geological mineral resources, of which the total reserves of Chang Bin coal belt are about 654.38+0.5 billion tons, which is a favorable condition for developing energy industry.
Xianyang is located in the heart of Chinese territory, and the origin of People's Republic of China (PRC) is in Jingyang County. There are Xi 'an Xianyang Airport, the largest international airport in northwest China, Longhai Lanxin Railway, Eurasian Continental Bridge running through the eastern and western hemispheres, expressways connecting Xi 'an Xianyang with Baoji and Yan 'an, and special tourist lines for Han and Tang tombs. As a famous historical and cultural city in China, an excellent tourist city in China and a charming city in China, any tourists who want to see the ancient civilization of China must not come here. As CCTV commented on the charm of Xianyang, "Xianyang, the central city of China territory, completed the shaping of urban character as early as the Han and Tang Dynasties, and the glory of Zhou and Qin created by ancestors continued to the charm of later Han and Tang Dynasties. Xianyang people are warm and simple, knowledgeable, advocating one word and nine sentences, and maintaining the king's demeanor of the city. " You haven't been to China until you climb the Great Wall of Wan Li. You have never been to Xianyang without looking at the Han and Tang Tombs. Only by truly understanding that "the Weihe River runs through the capital, just like heaven and man; Crossing the bridge in the south, pulling cattle by law "is the guiding principle of the central construction of the Qin empire." Only by understanding the idea of "harmony between man and nature" and the broad mind of the heroic atmosphere in the design of the capital city of Qin people can we explore the historical source of ancient civilization in China. The rise and establishment of the Qin and Han empires is comparable to the Roman Empire in the west of the world. If the culture of ancient Greece and Rome is the precious heritage of western civilization, then the culture of Qin and Han dynasties is the precious wealth of eastern civilization. To appreciate the profound connotation of oriental civilization, we must visit the ancient secluded place on the original bank of Xianyang.
Xianyang, as one of the cities with the largest cultural relics resources in China, is famous for its rich cultural relics and unique cultural relics collection. Its main features are: First, it is large in quantity, variety and high in grade. According to the statistics of the cultural relics department, there are 2 immovable cultural relics in the city, including 825 ancient sites, 783 ancient tombs, 93 ancient buildings, 9 cave temples, 252 stone carvings, 42 important historical sites and representative buildings in modern times and 92 other cultural relics. 18 There are 30 national cultural relics protection units, 95 provincial cultural relics protection units and more than 400 county cultural relics protection units. Cultural and cultural institutions at all levels in the city have collected more than 55,000 movable cultural relics such as porcelain, jade, bronze, gold and silver, stone tools and murals. For example, the Western Zhou Ding unearthed in Shijiayuan, Chunhua County, is 122 cm high and weighs 226 kg. It is the largest round Ding among the known Western Zhou bronzes. Unearthed from the tomb of Empress Dowager Jin Tianyuan, buried with Mao Mausoleum, it is a national treasure cultural relic. Second, there are many tombs with high grades. According to the investigation of the cultural relics department, there are 27 tombs in the territory, and 28 emperors are buried. There are also a large number of tombs buried around these tombs, which are unique in China and even in the world. All these mausoleums are national key cultural relics protection units and have extremely high historical value. Among them, the Mausoleum of the Western Han Dynasty and the Mausoleum of the Tang Dynasty are the most concentrated and spectacular. The Western Han Dynasty 1 1 emperors were buried in Xianyang Plain. From west to east, the order is: Maoling of Emperor Wu, Ping Ling of Emperor Zhao, Yanling of Emperor Cheng, Kangling of Emperor Ping, Yiling of Emperor Ai, Anling of Emperor Hui, Changling of Emperor Gao and Yangling of Emperor Jing. Meanwhile, there are more than 500 tombs of princes, nobles and emperors. Half of the 8 tombs in the Tang Dynasty/KLOC-0 are located in Xianyang, spanning Ganxian, Liquan, Jingyang and Sanyuan counties. Most of them are built on mountains, and there are many tombs buried with them. From west to east, there are Tang Gaozu Xianling Mausoleum, Tang Wuzong Duanling Mausoleum, Tang Jingzong Zhuang Ling, Tang Dezong chongling, Tang Xuanzong Lingzhen Mausoleum, Tang Taizong Zhaoling Mausoleum, Tang Suzong Jianling Mausoleum, Tang Xizong Jingling Mausoleum, Tang Gaozong and Zhou Wuze Heavenly Buried Dry Mausoleum. Among them, Zhaoling covers an area of more than 300,000 mu, with more than 80 tombs/kloc-0. It is the largest royal cemetery in the world. Third, there are many ancient sites and buildings, which are rich in connotation and well preserved. Yinjiacun site, located in the southwest of Qindu District, is the largest primitive village site of Yangshao culture in the Neolithic age in Shaanxi Province, with a total area of about 1.5 million square meters. Zhaoruo Temple Daxiong Hall, located in Changwu County, is recognized as one of the three remaining halls in the Tang Dynasty. Fourth, the characteristics of the times and regions are distinct and the sequence is strong. Bronzes in the Western Zhou Dynasty, brick carvings in the Qin Dynasty, pottery, pottery figurines, stone carvings and jade carvings in the Western Han Dynasty, stone carvings, three-mining figurines and tomb murals in the Tang Dynasty constitute a complete feature of the times. The cultural area represented by the site of Xianyang City in Qin Dynasty, the Han cultural area represented by Changling and Maoling, and the Tang cultural area represented by Zhaoling and Ganling constitute various regional characteristics. Fifth, there are many stone cultures with high grade. In front of Huo Qubing's tomb, one of the tombs buried with Mao Mausoleum of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, there are 6 large stone carvings 16, including 2 national treasures16. As the original proof of patriotism education, Treading the Xiongnu was included in the history textbook. "Six Horses in Zhaoling", an outstanding representative of the stone carving in Zhaoling of Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty, is well-known at home and abroad. As one of the three major forest of steles in China, Zhaoling forest of steles is rare in the world. There are 124 stone carvings on the ground of Ganling, among which the tablet without words, the tablet describing the holy monument, and the statue of the sixty-first king are all famous. Binxian Buddha Temple, the largest cave temple in Shaanxi Province, is a masterpiece of stone carving with its huge volume and majestic momentum.
It has been more than 2350 years since Qin people moved their capital to Xianyang. Since ancient times, in this vast land, there have been countless powerful and magical historical dramas, and countless leading heroes have emerged. The hardworking, brave and creative people of Xianyang wrote an immortal chapter in the history of the development of the Chinese nation. From the earliest reform movement in China history-"Shang Yang's political reform" to the "Mawei incident" in the prosperous Tang Dynasty; From the revival of Guan Xue by the gentlemen of Sanyuan School to the curtain of Neo-Confucianism by Liu Guyu, a reformist thinker; From little-known romantic epitaphs buried underground for generations to Kunlun figures active in the cultural history of modern China; From Yu Youren's leadership to the final victory of the People's Liberation Revolutionary War, these waves of historical events and romantic figures are worthy of our praise and commemoration.
Things have changed, and today is brilliant. Through the long river tunnel of history, today's Xianyang people are carrying forward the spirit of Han and Tang Dynasties, carrying out all-round and multi-field economic cooperation with the ancient capital An, and making unremitting efforts to accelerate the pace of regional economic integration and realize the grand idea of building An-Xianyang metropolitan area. I believe the future of Xianyang will be better. (Excerpted from A Brief History of Xianyang, the author Zhang Shimin is the deputy editor and chief of Xianyang Local Records Office)