How to do well the education of freshmen. First, the characteristics of freshmen
1. The reality and ideal university are not unified, resulting in a psychological gap.
After ten years of hard work and fierce competition, many college students have entered the halls of universities. They have a vision of university, a perfect imagination of university life, and their expectations of themselves are too high. However, after entering the university, I found out: Why is the university campus not as big as I thought? Why are university classrooms not as spacious and bright as you think? Why are the books in the library not as rich as I thought? Why is after-school life not as wonderful as I thought? It is difficult to accept the huge gap between the ideal self and the real self, and a sense of loss arises spontaneously. Leading to emotional fluctuations and loss of some freshmen.
2. It is difficult to adapt to the living environment of university.
A considerable number of freshmen are studying hard for their college dreams before entering the university. In life, you don't have to worry about yourself, it's all done by your parents. In learning, all subjects have teachers' guidance. If you don't understand, ask, and teachers revolve around students. Because of this, their self-care ability is poor, and they gradually have a strong dependence psychology.
Now they live alone in the university, and without the care of their old family, life begins to become chaotic. Holding a large sum of money left by my parents before they left, I don't know how to spend it, and I have no consumption plan. This is arbitrary. In less than a month, I spent all my meals for several months and the economy was in crisis.
In addition, in the middle school stage, in order to be nominated for the gold medal in the college entrance examination, I gave up the opportunity to participate in school cultural and sports activities again and again, and stayed in the classroom all day reading and doing exercises. Nowadays, in the face of the colorful campus cultural life of the university, they are filled with emotion and regret that they didn't spend time cultivating their hobbies in middle school. Thinking of this, some of them are depressed, and have anxiety such as nervousness, irritability and pain, and neurasthenia symptoms such as insomnia and inattention in class, which have seriously affected their study and life in college.
3. Interpersonal relationship is difficult to adapt.
Freshmen come from all over the country. When students from all over the world form a new group, they also bring languages, customs and living habits of different nationalities. It is difficult to communicate with each other because of the first meeting and the differences in language, customs and living habits. Although unfamiliar, there are obstacles of one kind or another, at first, everyone was fresh and curious. With the increase of getting along with each other, students get to know each other, and while the other side shows its advantages, its shortcomings and shortcomings are also exposed.
Due to the lack of good communication and exchange, the psychological characteristics of "closed" prevalent in adolescence, and the "don't trust others" of parents' long-term education, the communication and communication between students are gradually cautious, and interpersonal relationships become tense. In order to release their feelings, many freshmen will return to the social circle established in middle school and get in touch with their close friends in middle school through modern communication means, thus gradually giving up mutual communication with college students.
It is difficult to adapt to college study.
There are obvious differences between university learning and middle school learning, which are highlighted in the following aspects: (1) At the middle school stage, teachers and students get along with each other day and night, and they are closely related. For the goal of college entrance examination, teachers go deep into the class to understand and study students almost every day. When the teacher answers the questions raised by the students, he always takes pains to explain them until the students understand them. After entering the university, they are very uncomfortable with the phenomenon that university teachers come to school and leave after class. They can't even see the shadow at ordinary times, and they don't know how to find a teacher if they have problems. They hope that university teachers can guide them like middle school teachers.
Due to the lack of mutual understanding and communication between teachers and students, some freshmen have no clear learning goals, and there are phenomena such as muddling along, being late for class, leaving early, and even skipping classes at will. (2) University study is open and active. Open libraries, open teachers' resources and open academic lectures provide a good learning environment for freshmen.
But for freshmen, their study in middle school is under the double pressure of teachers, parents and college entrance examination. Their poor initiative and consciousness in learning, coupled with cramming education, a middle school teacher, gradually developed blindness in learning. After entering the university, they don't know enough about the difference between the learning style of the university and that of the middle school. One-sided, the university study is very easy, the class is really comfortable, the teacher does not check the homework, and completely gives up the spirit of hard work in middle school.
5. The ideal goal is unclear and lacks learning motivation.
The survey shows that for 80%-90% middle school students, "repaying their parents' high hopes", "longing for a better life in college" and "pursuing status, career and self-esteem" are their ideals to enter college. When this ideal is realized, many freshmen don't know what to do, have no goal and direction in life, and are at a loss.
In middle school, in order to pass the college entrance examination and enter the university, I forgot to eat and sleep, and studied hard day and night. It can be said that entering the university is their goal and the support point of life at this stage. At present, middle school education in China lacks or ignores the understanding and cultivation of students' career goals. Once they enter the university, most students are passively involved in a certain professional circle. Due to the lack of interest in this profession, some students love the happy time of rest, and their ideals and goals are temporarily lost, which weakens the initiative and motivation of learning and is at a loss.
Someone vividly said: "in middle school, being admitted to college is a lamp in the dark." As soon as I entered the university, it lit up and I didn't know where to go. " The motivation of learning in middle school is lost because of the realization of the ideal, and the motivation of college students' sense of social responsibility will not automatically rise to the dominant position immediately, so the reality of college life is not consistent with the ideal vision. Therefore, there is a general phenomenon that college students' enthusiasm for learning declines and shifts after entering school.
Second, educational countermeasures
1. Help freshmen to change roles in time and find the right position.
Most of the emotional problems of freshmen stem from the inability to change roles in time. Therefore, to adjust their own psychology, we must first start from this aspect. In the process of human growth, people's social roles will change from time to time. From middle school students to college students, this is a role change. If the role consciousness lags behind, people's mood will be distorted. Actors have a common motto: only by entering the role can they play well. A good way to realize role transformation is to actively participate in entrance education, and we must remember our role.
2. Help freshmen learn to live.
Civilized living habits and healthy lifestyle are a pursuit of life and a realm of life. Therefore, freshmen should actively guide students to become advocates of civilized living habits and promoters of healthy lifestyles after entering school. In the process of educating and guiding freshmen, we should pay attention to: (1) helping freshmen to establish a scientific modern health concept. This includes not only physical health, but also the ability to relieve tension, endure depression and frustration, actively arrange their own activities, integrate their own reason and emotions, and make their lives and spirits full of vitality.
(2) Guide freshmen to actively participate in healthy and beneficial after-school activities. Let freshmen relax in entertainment, adjust their emotions, and expand their quality and cultivate their sentiments in developmental activities such as investigation and research, social practice, literary and artistic creation, scientific and technological innovation, and various competitions.
(3) Guide freshmen to learn to control life, guide freshmen to understand the true meaning of life, know the value of life and their position in life; Guide students to learn to grasp and develop themselves in life and realize their ideal pursuit.
(4) It is necessary to guide freshmen to form civilized and good collective living habits and form a good atmosphere of "I am for everyone and everyone is for me". (5) Guide freshmen to learn financial management, learn a concept of "financial management", improve their self-care ability, and gradually adapt to self-care life.
3. Help freshmen know themselves and others, learn to get along with others and create a good group together.
Freshmen come to their completely unfamiliar universities from their families and schools, forming a new group. Due to differences in personality, experience and habits,
It is often difficult to form a harmonious new collective at once. Therefore, college educators should help freshmen know themselves and others, learn to get along with others, and jointly create a new collective. This requires us to conduct a series of psychological tests on freshmen, such as temperament, personality, ability, self-awareness and interpersonal relationships. At the same time, educate freshmen to know themselves, respect the independence and personality of others, guide freshmen to be United, tolerant and friendly in their study and life, stress cooperation, have team spirit, cultivate their interest in interacting with others, live in harmony with others, exchange true feelings with their hearts, organize freshmen to carry out various activities conducive to cultivating the spirit of unity and cooperation, and jointly create a good class and dormitory group.
4. Help freshmen master scientific learning methods as soon as possible and cultivate good study habits.
Freshmen have moved from a relatively concentrated middle school stage to a university campus with great freedom for further study. On the one hand, without the supervision of parents and the nagging of the class teacher, they are easy to have after-school consciousness. On the other hand, they are not familiar with the learning environment and methods of the university, which easily leads to their anxiety about learning. In this regard, we should guide them from the following two aspects: (1) We should guide them to collect learning-related information as soon as possible, so as to be aware of it.
Such as the equipment and use of school libraries, computer centers, laboratories and other facilities; The basic situation of the teaching plan, reference books and instructors of this major; The course arrangement of the semester and the basic skills that should be mastered in the learning process, etc.
(2) We should guide them to master scientific learning methods as soon as possible. The "35" enterprising learning method put forward by domestic scholars is considered to be an ideal learning strategy. Its basic elements are "five essentials, five firsts and five meetings". The "five essentials" are: first, we should develop thinking association around the teacher's narrative; The second is to clarify the narrative ideas of teaching materials; Third, listen to the key points and difficulties that the teacher said;
Fourth, we should overcome the learning obstacles in the classroom without interference; Fifth, take notes briefly on the basis of understanding. "Five firsts" means previewing before giving lectures; Second, try to remember before reading; Third, read books before doing homework; Fourth, understand first and then remember; Fifth, organize knowledge before going to bed. Make a study plan after five meetings; Second, make full use of time to study; Third, summarize the study; Fourth, ask questions, discuss and study; Fifth, read the reference materials to expand learning.
(3) Try to adjust the psychological problems of learning, and try to use "five hearts" to urge your own learning, that is, you must have the determination to start learning; Have confidence when encountering difficulties; Concentrate on studying problems; Be patient when studying repeatedly; Learn from others with an open mind
(4) We should use "Six Arrivals" to correct our learning attitude, that is, use our brains and think positively; If you see it, you should watch it frequently and increase your perceptual knowledge in many ways; When you arrive, you should ask questions and memorize some necessary knowledge. When listening, you should listen frequently and give full play to the maximum potential of the auditory organs. When you arrive, you should write frequently and copy records is the key to reading; If you have enough, you should often run, make field trips or consult others, verify the theory and enrich your practical knowledge.
5. Career planning education.
Shu Bo (Super, 1976), a famous expert in career theory, believes that career is the evolution direction and course of various events in life, which combines various career and life roles in one's life, thus showing a unique self-development form. In career planning education, students should first find their real needs and what they really want, which is the goal of life; Then dig out your real strengths, weaknesses and shortcomings, so as to know yourself; Next, let them learn to develop their strengths systematically, strive to overcome their shortcomings, and use strategies to discover and create opportunities.
According to the survey, the reason for the lack of happiness and happiness lies in: because you want a life you yearn for, however, you don't know what kind of life you want, because you can't find the meaning and value of life. Of course, this is because of the relationship between environment, opportunities and funds, but there is also a lack of education. Therefore, we need to educate students to have this wisdom and influence their lives. In fact, education is such a process that one person influences others. Real education is what students leave behind after they leave school.