Debate teaching is an effective teaching method, which has the characteristics and advantages of participatory teaching, discussion teaching, inquiry teaching, experiential teaching and open teaching. The practical value of debate teaching is mainly reflected in improving students' self-study ability, critical thinking, expression ability, stress resistance, adaptability, cooperation ability, cohesion, organization ability, etiquette ability and self-confidence. Debate teaching has changed the traditional "indoctrination teaching method", which is helpful to enliven students' classroom learning atmosphere, ignite their enthusiasm for learning courses, and exercise and enhance their comprehensive ability.
Keywords: debate teaching; Teaching reform; Practical value; Ability improvement
Debate teaching is a teaching method aimed at deepening students' learning and understanding of course content, aiming at the key and difficult problems in course teaching, and improving students' ability to analyze and solve practical problems by using theoretical knowledge. By carefully designing the debate, the teacher gives the students positive and negative views to debate. The main body of debate teaching is students, teachers are the planners and commanders of debate teaching, and they play the role of "directors", while students are the real "actors". Debate teaching is an effective teaching method, which changes the rigid form of traditional "indoctrination teaching method", helps to enliven students' classroom learning atmosphere, ignite students' enthusiasm for learning courses, and exercise and enhance students' comprehensive ability. Exploring and analyzing the practical value of debate teaching is helpful to construct the practical value system of debate teaching in theory, deepen the understanding of the practical significance of debate teaching and promote the practice and exploration of education and teaching reform.
1, improve students' self-study ability
The composition of students' ability structure is very rich, and self-study ability is an important factor. Self-study ability is the self-study ability of students, and it is the process and ability of students to read, understand, think and internalize knowledge under the guidance of teachers. Today's society is full of competition. In a sense, "self-study" is "competitiveness". Whether a student develops a strong self-study ability during his study at school is directly related to his future and destiny after entering the society.
Different from the traditional teaching method that teachers help students understand the course knowledge, debate teaching pays more attention to cultivating and improving students' autonomous learning ability. When the teacher gives the designed debate questions to the students for preparation after class according to the course content, the work of cultivating students' autonomous learning ability has already begun. Mainly manifested in:
First, around the debate, students must read and understand relevant books and collect relevant documents after class. Through the process of getting rid of the rough and selecting the essence, getting rid of the false and retaining the true, we can make the arguments and arguments that can really support our own views into cards and debate them.
Second, around the debate, students must "internalize" the self-study knowledge after thinking, and use the internalized knowledge to help them analyze and solve theoretical or practical problems that need to be solved in the debate. It can be seen that students' learning preparation process before debate teaching is a process in which students consciously and voluntarily read and absorb professional knowledge, understand and think about professional problems, and apply internalized knowledge to analyze and solve problems. This process is a process in which students finish their learning actively under the traction of debating teaching tasks, which can not only gradually cultivate students' autonomous learning spirit, but also enhance students' autonomous learning ability.
2. Improve students' critical thinking.
Speculative ability is a kind of ability that people use logical knowledge to think about problems and express their thoughts. It is a process that people's thinking organically organizes scattered and fragmented opinions or arguments according to logical norms and requirements, and expresses them rigorously through oral language. In daily work and interpersonal communication, people with strong critical thinking can not only convince others, but also prove their views. Smooth communication, good effect, and help to coordinate and solve problems. In the development of modern education, the cultivation of students' critical thinking ability has been highly valued by the educational circles all over the world, and has been continuously explored in teaching practice. There are many ways to cultivate students' critical thinking ability, such as offering logical thinking courses, holding logical thinking knowledge contests, speech contests to exercise critical thinking ability, game activities, and conducting debate teaching. Comparatively speaking, debate teaching can effectively improve students' critical thinking and is an important way for schools to cultivate students' critical thinking.
In the debate teaching, both the students who directly participate in the debate and the students who sit under the stage will think fiercely about their own views on the debate and the questions raised by the other side. In the complicated thinking process, whether the debaters of both sides can use the readily available data collected to prove their views or refute each other's views, whether the debaters of both sides can quickly and methodically gather scattered ideas in their brains, or clarify their arguments, or answer each other's questions, or refute each other's views, this series of intense and exciting brain thinking processes is a process of constantly tempering students' critical thinking. Practice has proved that after many times of debate teaching and training, students have been able to express their thoughts and opinions in an orderly manner, and have been able to be well-founded and their critical thinking ability has been generally improved.
3. Improve students' expressive ability.
With the rapid development of economy, people's communication is more and more frequent, and the importance of expressive force is increasingly prominent. "Expressiveness" here refers to the ability of oral expression. Oral expression ability is a kind of ability for human beings to convey information processed by their minds and thoughts through the special medium of human mouth. As an individual, in the process of growing up, people can generally learn oral expression. Due to congenital factors, family environment or acquired training, different people have different oral expression skills. Some people are strong, some people are weak, and even some people have strong thinking ability, but their oral expression ability is poor. I thought a lot in my mind, but I couldn't express it. Therefore, how the debaters of both sides can express their thoughts accurately, logically and smoothly on the basis of their basic speculative ability is indeed a science.
Teaching practice has proved that people's oral expression ability can be improved through special training in schools, and debate teaching is an important teaching form to improve students' oral expression ability. Debate-based teaching requires both debaters to express their thoughts in public. Inspired and influenced by the rules and atmosphere of this teaching game, students who are usually good at expressing themselves will talk eloquently in the debate, but those who are not good at expressing their words and thoughts will begin to speak. After many times of debate teaching training, the students with good foundation will further enhance their oral expression ability, and the students with poor foundation will be significantly improved. Of course, this requires teachers to objectively analyze and evaluate students' oral expression in every teaching debate, especially to point out the improvement direction of each debater's oral expression.
4. Improve students' ability to resist pressure.
Compression resistance is the ability to resist external pressure, and it is the psychological endurance and ability to cope with external pressure. The strength of anti-pressure mainly shows two States: psychological stability or instability. People with strong ability to withstand pressure are psychologically stable and calm when things go wrong; People with weak pressure resistance lack psychological stability, are impatient and cope with panic. Psychological principles reveal that people's ability to resist pressure is not innate and needs scientific training to improve it. In particular, students in school are inexperienced, superficial and generally weak in pressure resistance. It is necessary and essential to cultivate their ability to resist pressure in the process of education and teaching.
Practice has proved that debate teaching method is a convenient and effective method in school anti-stress training. Students who participate in the debate often encounter such a situation in the debate field: when the questions raised by the other debater are very sharp or unexpected, students are unprepared and don't know how to answer, which can best exercise people's ability to resist pressure. Faced with this pressure environment and the expectations of the students in the debate field, if the students who take part in the debate have strong resistance to pressure, they will have a stable mind, think calmly, be calm and calm, quickly mobilize their thinking ability, carefully organize their own ideas and opinions, and answer each other's questions in a clear and hierarchical manner. If the students who take part in the debate are weak in pressure resistance, they will appear flustered, incoherent, or silent, look around and fall into an embarrassing situation. For the latter, how to improve the ability to resist pressure, stabilize one's position, and correctly deal with the unfavorable situation, only under the guidance of teachers, constantly sum up experience and lessons, and through the training of debating teaching for many times, let students learn in practice, practice in learning, gradually cultivate mature and stable emotions, and continuously enhance their ability to resist pressure.
5. Improve students' adaptability.
Resilience is the ability to cope with environmental changes, and it is the ability of people to adjust or change their action plans according to the new situation to adapt to the changed environment. Only when a person has certain adaptability can he be in an invincible position in work or life. Personally, some people are born with strong adaptability, and most people need school training or practical exercise the day after tomorrow to enhance their adaptability. As a school, it is of great significance to cultivate students' resilience in education and teaching activities for students to go to work after graduation and adapt to the complex and changeable society.
Among the methods and means to cultivate students' resilience in schools, debate teaching is a better teaching form. In the process of debate teaching, students on both sides have made full preparations before the formal debate, imagining all kinds of situations that may occur in the debate field and their solutions, predicting the arguments that the other side may throw, preparing their own rebuttal methods, predicting all kinds of questions that the other side may raise and the reasons for refuting their own views, and preparing coping strategies or skills. However, the practice of debate teaching shows that no matter how carefully prepared and arranged by both sides, after the formal start of debate teaching, the debate situation will not develop completely according to the direction envisaged or predicted by both sides, and both sides will encounter unexpected situations and problems, which requires both sides to actively use their brains, respond tactfully, adjust their debate strategies in time, and quickly make solutions to the problems raised by the other side according to their own literature and social and life experience. Admittedly, this enhancement of students' resilience can not be achieved overnight. It requires students to practice through continuous participation in debate teaching activities and careful guidance and demonstration by teachers.
6. Improve students' practical ability.
The "ability to handle things" here refers to the ability of people to analyze and solve problems when they encounter difficulties, which is what people often say. Improving people's ability to do things is bound to go through a long and complicated process. The ability to do things depends not only on the accumulation and application of human knowledge, but also on the summary of rich practice and experience. With the improvement of students' ability to do things at school, there are few opportunities for students to participate in social practice, and more can only be done by guiding students to use what they have learned to analyze problems and propose solutions to problems, and gradually cultivate students' ability to do things in the process.
Practice has proved that debate teaching plays an important role in improving students' practical ability. Because the process of debate teaching is not only a process of students debating and refuting arguments, but also a process full of problems to be solved. In all aspects of the debate, both sides of the debate will put forward some problems that need to be analyzed clearly and how to solve them, whether defending their own views or refuting each other's views. It can be said that there are problems raised everywhere in debate teaching, and solutions must always be thought of. Every debater on both sides of the debate has to go through the test of asking or answering questions. It can be said that the whole process of debate teaching is the process of cultivating and improving students' ability to analyze and solve problems by using what they have learned.
Of course, some people have questioned the question of how to improve students' ability in debate teaching, and think that the solution to the problem put forward by students in debate can only be regarded as "an armchair strategist", and only in the concrete practice process can students really exercise and improve their ability to do things. In fact, practice is more important, but teaching practice also proves that debate teaching method can improve students' practical ability to a certain extent, which is an undeniable fact.
7. Strengthen student cooperation
Cooperation is the ability to cooperate with others, and it is the spiritual performance and behavioral performance of a person who is good at cooperating with others in workplace activities. The division of labor in modern society is becoming more and more detailed, and many things cannot be accomplished by individual efforts alone. It needs the team spirit of mutual support, cooperation and collaboration among members of society to do well. Therefore, cooperation is a kind of soft power, which can transform ability into execution, and then turn execution into the final result. Whether a person has the ability to cooperate not only affects the development of personal career, but also affects the unity and stability of departments, which is related to the efficiency or success of unit work. Some people even think that "cooperation" is a kind of "productivity". It can be seen that cooperation is a valuable ability and quality, a powerful driving force for the development of the unit, and also a strong competitive force for individuals to advance, which is of great significance for realizing personal career and promoting the development of the unit.
Debate teaching is a special form of debate closely related to the course content. It has the characteristics and requirements of general debate competition, and requires students from both sides to participate in the debate to have the spirit of cooperation. Especially in the stage of free debate, it requires both debaters to support each other, cooperate with each other, understand each other and complement each other, jointly safeguard their own views and refute each other's views until the final victory is achieved. Teaching practice has proved that students who have been edified and trained by many debates have a stronger spirit of cooperation than other students. In their study, life and work, they are more concerned about their classmates, more willing to cooperate with the work of the class Committee, and more willing to contribute to the class collective.
8. Enhance students' cohesion.
Cohesion refers to the degree to which group members unite and cooperate to achieve the goal of group activities. The so-called group refers to the collection of people, including family, friends, units, collectives, classes, nationalities, countries and so on. The external performance of cohesion is the trust, obedience and even obedience of people's individual motivation behavior to group goals and tasks. In a cohesive class, students are like a family, caring for each other, taking care of each other and having a harmonious relationship; Class cohesion is strong, style of study is excellent, aggressive, United and progressive; A cohesive class, the class committee works smoothly, extracurricular activities are rich, and students are sunny and healthy; In a cohesive class, students love the class collective, consciously safeguard the collective honor, have an emotional sense of belonging and strong centripetal force.
Debate teaching helps to improve the cohesion of students and the whole class, which is embodied in the following aspects. First, debating teaching helps students to fully display their individuality and talents, enhance mutual understanding and understanding among students, and make students get along more harmoniously, have more harmonious relations and have a more active atmosphere. Secondly, debating teaching helps students to understand the importance of cooperation and mutual support among students after free debate practice, and students' sense of class collective identity will gradually increase. Thirdly, conducting debate teaching for many times, and students taking turns to take part in the debate, will help to increase the opportunities for students to communicate face to face, improve students' tacit understanding and the centripetal force of the class. Fourthly, debate teaching helps to create a collective learning atmosphere of diligent study, initiative and courage to explore true knowledge, and promotes the formation of a good class spirit.
9. Improve students' organizational ability
The so-called organizational strength is the ability to design organizational structure and allocate organizational resources. Organizational power is also the ability of a leader or leader to influence followers or colleagues. Only when leaders or leaders sincerely gather their followers or colleagues around them and guide them to move in a certain direction consciously will their organizational power be produced. The organizational strength of the leader or person in charge directly affects the work efficiency and final activity effect of an organization. The education and teaching activities of schools should attach importance to the cultivation of students' organizational ability. This is the essential requirement of the transformation from exam-oriented education to quality education. Organizational power is one of the elements of students' quality structure. Strengthening the cultivation of students' organizational ability is helpful to improve the quality structure of students.
Practice has proved that debate teaching is helpful to improve students' organizational ability. In the debate teaching activities, although the teacher is the general planner, director and organizer, a series of specific teaching activities must be organized by the students themselves. First, the choice of the pros and cons of the debate must be organized by the students themselves; Second, the members of the debater, the host, the student judges, timekeepers and other personnel directly involved in the activities must be determined by the students themselves; Third, the process of data preparation, summary and positive and negative communication around their own views must be organized by students themselves; Fourth, the process of debating strategies and skills between pros and cons must be organized by students themselves. And so on. When students are responsible for or participate in these specific teaching preparation activities, teachers can only play the role of guidance or supervision, and the preparation work in each link can not be replaced, and must be organized by students themselves, so as to exercise and improve students' organizational ability. In the process of self-organization, especially the members of the class Committee who are often responsible for the specific organization of the class will be significantly improved.
10, improve students' etiquette
Etiquette is the general name of courtesy and ceremony. Etiquette is the ability of people to abide by and use polite behavior and etiquette behavior norms in work communication and social activities. It is the external embodiment of people's internal quality and an important part of people's comprehensive quality. It reflects the social civilization and moral level of a country or region. Since ancient times, China has enjoyed the reputation of "the country of etiquette", and paying attention to etiquette has become a traditional virtue of people. However, in the process of China's transformation from traditional society to modern society and from planned economy to market economy, many people pay too much attention to the pursuit and worship of material desires, while downplaying the inheritance and promotion of tradition, and many people gradually lose the etiquette accomplishment and behavior norms of the Chinese nation. Therefore, today's school education must bravely shoulder the heavy responsibility of cultivating students' good etiquette literacy and behavior norms, innovate practical teaching methods and models, and enhance students' ability to correctly use etiquette norms.
Practice has proved that debate teaching is an important way to cultivate students' etiquette quality and enhance their etiquette ability. Debate teaching is a kind of teaching that pays attention to etiquette norms. Debate etiquette in the process of debating teaching includes instrument etiquette, appearance etiquette, manners etiquette, address etiquette, language etiquette, rebuttal etiquette and so on. Instrument etiquette requires both debaters to dress appropriately and generously, preferably formally; Appearance etiquette requires that both sides of the debater have clean hair, boys' faces are fresh and clean, and girls' faces are naturally light makeup; Etiquette requires students to sit upright, stand upright, use body language properly, and not point directly at each other; Address etiquette requires students to use polite addresses, such as "hello, you and another debater"; Etiquette requires students to use polite expressions such as "Thank you, Chairman, and thank your opponent for arguing". Refutation etiquette requires students to put facts and make sense, be justified, and not insult or intimidate. It is forbidden for students to swear and make personal attacks. If debate teaching is regarded as the process of aesthetic education, it can not only reflect the beauty of language and logic, but also the beauty of etiquette and image. The process of students participating in the debate competition is not only a training process to cultivate students' ability to use etiquette norms, but also a process for students to show their self-image. After many times of debate teaching training, students' ability to use etiquette norms will be significantly improved unconsciously.
1 1 to improve students' self-confidence.
Self-confidence is a kind of psychological ability that human beings believe that they can do it and have confidence in the future. It is also a positive and enterprising ability after human beings break through themselves and awaken their potential. It mainly includes two aspects: mental confidence and action confidence. Spiritual self-confidence is people's full affirmation of self-ability and value, a powerful display of people's inner world, and the primary factor affecting the success or failure of life. Action self-confidence is a kind of initiative, effort and expectation of results based on psychological self-confidence. Emerson, an American writer, once said that confidence is the first secret of success. Self-confidence is the primary factor that affects the success or failure of life.
Practice has proved that debate teaching is helpful to improve students' self-confidence. Through the exercise of debate teaching, first, silent students began to dare to express their ideas in front of their classmates; Second, cautious students began to dare to fully express their wishes and ideas in class; Thirdly, students who whisper quietly begin to dare to communicate loudly with their classmates in public; Fourth, depressed students begin to glow with youthful brilliance and show a positive mental state; Fifth, classes with dull learning atmosphere begin to show the spirit and strength of diligence, studiousness, mutual learning and active exploration. In short, through the continuous strengthening and training of debate teaching, with the repeated encouragement and affirmation of teachers, debate teaching has ignited students' enthusiasm for learning, just like a good medicine to cure inferiority, which makes timid students bold, makes students with inferiority begin to become confident, and makes backward class groups gradually show a good face of hard work, unity and upward, and lively sunshine.
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