Stroke is a common name for cerebrovascular diseases. More common in the elderly. Stroke is divided into hemorrhagic (such as cerebral hemorrhage) and ischemic (such as cerebral infarction). Patients who smoke regularly, are obese, have high blood pressure, heart disease or diabetes are more likely to have a stroke. Once a stroke occurs, not only the patient himself is unfortunate, but also the whole family will be in trouble.

Stroke has disabled people who were full of vigor and vitality. Many patients have symptoms such as hemiplegia, numbness of hands and feet, incontinence of urine and feces, blurred vision, speech disorder and even inability to speak, dysphagia, memory loss, inability to understand others' speech, and temperament change. It also brings a great burden to the family and society.

Stroke has the characteristics of high incidence, high mortality, high disability rate and high recurrence rate. In the past ten years, stroke has become the second biggest killer in Asia, and more than two million people die from stroke every year.

There are10.5 million new cases of complete stroke and 8,000-110,000 deaths every year in China. About 75% of the survivors were disabled, and the recurrence rate was as high as 465.438+0% within five years. In the United States, 500,000 people get sick every year, of which 6.5438+0.5 million die, and more than 2 million survivors need medical care.

1) Rehabilitation treatment

Rehabilitation is the use of various means to restore the physical, psychological and social functions of disabled people with functional disorders and improve their quality of life. Among them, the most common is medical means, that is, the method of rehabilitation medicine.

Modern rehabilitation medicine has a history of only a few decades. The concept of modern rehabilitation medicine was introduced to China more than 10 years ago, but it developed rapidly. More than 2,500 secondary and tertiary hospitals have opened rehabilitation departments.

Rehabilitation medicine is a discipline aimed at dysfunction or disability. The disability rate of stroke is as high as 70%. After the condition is stable, there are many functional disorders, such as muscle weakness, inability to speak, and inability to take care of themselves, which cannot be solved by drugs and need comprehensive rehabilitation treatment.

Practice has proved that rehabilitation therapy, especially early rehabilitation therapy, can significantly improve patients' functional activities and improve their quality of life. Stroke patients are the most important rehabilitation objects in rehabilitation medicine.

2) Treatment method

The rehabilitation of stroke patients needs to pay attention to three principles:

1. Rehabilitation treatment at the most appropriate time: It is generally believed that patients with cerebral infarction will start rehabilitation training 5-7 days after onset, and patients with cerebral hemorrhage will start rehabilitation training 15 days after onset. However, at present, foreign countries advocate early rehabilitation opportunity, and patients with cerebral infarction can start rehabilitation treatment within 48 hours after onset, and patients with cerebral hemorrhage can start rehabilitation treatment within 12 days after onset, and it has been proved that early rehabilitation training is more effective.

2. Adopt the correct method: The rehabilitation of stroke must be carried out under the guidance of a rehabilitation doctor or a rehabilitation therapist. Some patients or their families exercise on their own, resulting in abnormal exercise patterns or contracture of achilles tendon, which is difficult to correct.

3. Comprehensive rehabilitation: There are many functional disorders after stroke, and various means should be taken to restore the function of patients. Common rehabilitation treatment methods are:

① Exercise therapy: it is the most important rehabilitation method for stroke. It mainly solves the problems of muscle weakness, inability to sit, stand and walk.

② Physical therapy: electrotherapy, ultrasound, laser, etc. It can be used to promote the recovery of nervous system function and relieve pain, swelling and other complications.

(3) Occupational therapy: it mainly carries out daily life activities training, and trains patients to eat, dress, urinate and dress themselves.

④ Speech and swallowing therapy: If the patient has aphasia or dysarthria or dysphagia, speech and swallowing therapy are needed.

⑤ Psychotherapy: The incidence of depression or anxiety in stroke patients is very high, so psychotherapy is very important.

⑥ Rehabilitation project: training orthoses, making and using life AIDS for patients with muscle spasm, joint deformity and inability to take care of themselves in daily life. For example, feed patients with special bowls, chopsticks and spoons, and help them put on their shoes with shoe wearers and button hooks.

3) Cooperate with treatment

Patients should actively participate in rehabilitation treatment, but they should not be too impatient. When patients can't take care of themselves, their families can help them under appropriate circumstances, but it should be remembered that assistance is not a substitute and patients should still actively participate in rehabilitation treatment. The following are some general principles for your reference:

1. Understand the ability and functional limitations of stroke patients.

2. Avoid forcibly pulling the patient's hand and shoulder, which may easily lead to shoulder subluxation.

3. Actively enlighten, comfort and encourage patients to overcome anxiety and depression. Depression and emotional instability are common manifestations of stroke patients, which is their normal response to partial loss of life function. However, to make the road to rehabilitation smooth and unimpeded, the most important thing is to establish a positive outlook on life and behavior.

4. Try to stand on the affected side of the patient when assisting, so as to prevent the patient from falling from the affected side.

5. The helper must know the order of each action; When teaching patients, explain clearly.

6. Help patients to adopt good lying posture, sitting posture and standing posture.

7. Patients often forget the affected side, because it is helpful to talk to them or let them touch the affected side.

4) Preventive measures

It has been proved that the risk factors of stroke are hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, smoking, carotid artery stenosis, sickle cell disease and hypercholesterolemia. Excessive drinking and lack of exercise also increase the possibility of stroke. To prevent the recurrence of stroke, intervention should be mainly aimed at the above risk factors.

1. Treatment of hypertension: control blood pressure below 140/90 mm Hg. Many people think that there will be no hypertension without dizziness and headache. In fact, many hypertensive patients seem to be in good health all the time, and they didn't know their blood pressure was high until they had a stroke in the hospital. Once you find high blood pressure, you should take medicine for a long time.

2. Quit smoking: Because smoking will increase the risk of stroke by 50%. No matter how many years you smoke, it's never too late to quit.

3. Strengthen physical exercise: Physical exercise can reduce weight and reduce the incidence of hypertension and diabetes.

4. Anti-platelet aggregation drugs: aspirin, a century-old drug, is a cheap and effective drug, and ticlopidine and clopidogrel are more effective.

5. Diet therapy: limit the intake of fat and cholesterol, and eat more fruits and vegetables.

6. Reducing blood lipid: Taking other prescription drugs (such as Shujiangzhi) can reduce the incidence of stroke by 365,438+0%.

7. Maintain a good mental state and actively participate in related activities in the community.

8. Renovation of family environment: such as installing handrails in bathrooms and showers and using living AIDS.

If you are satisfied with the above answer, please don't disappoint my kindness and adopt it as an answer in time.