First, the teaching strategies of narrative works
Narrative works, as the name implies, are literary works with narrative function as the main function. Narrator, tell stories. Narrative is to express one or a series of real or fictional events with language, especially written language. I think those literary works with strong stories are all narrative works. Generally speaking, such works are composed of three elements: "character, plot and environment", or narrative writer, or narrative lyric, or narrative implication. How to teach this text?
In the third issue of "Reading Objectives and Contents", "Chinese Curriculum Standards" put forward clear requirements for the reading of narrative works: "Read narrative works, understand the outline of events, briefly describe the scenes, characters and details that move you most, and tell your feelings of love [this article comes from www. JYqkW.cOm], hatred, reverence, yearning, sympathy. "
Therefore, the basic strategies for teaching narrative works are as follows: 1. Reading the contents of the text, summarizing the events and understanding the order of expression; The second is to gain emotional experience, briefly describe the scenes, characters and details that move you the most, and tell your feelings of love, hate, reverence, yearning and sympathy; The third is to learn expression methods and understand why the author expresses it this way instead of that way.
The narrative works arranged in the third textbook of primary school Chinese by People's Education Press mainly include fairy tales, essays, novels, scripts and narrative classical Chinese. Even if they are all narrative works, they should reflect their individuality in teaching.
(A) fairy tale teaching strategies.
The so-called fairy tale refers to a story written in prose according to the inner desire or fantasy logic that can't happen in real life logic. The teaching of fairy tale texts should pay attention to the following points:
1. Overall control. Fairy tales have complete and regular structures and bizarre plots. Grasping the whole is conducive to understanding the development clues, summarizing the main contents, grasping the ideological connotation and understanding the narrative skills.
2. Arouse the imagination. "Fantasy … virtuality" is the core feature of fairy tales. In teaching, we must stimulate students' imagination, which can bring students into the artistic conception of fairy tales, and the magical artistic conception of fairy tales will sublimate students' emotions.
3. Diversified training. Children's aesthetic experience is insufficient, so it is difficult to grasp the connotation of fairy tales. In teaching, we should arouse children's aesthetic experience in a way that they can understand. In the third stage of fairy tale teaching, in addition to the training of performance, sequel and painting, we should also pay attention to designing topics and guide students to think and discuss the fairy tale content.
(2) Prose teaching strategies.
Prose is a literary genre, also known as poetry, novel and drama. Its language is concise and its literary talent is meaningful; It is full of emotion and profound artistic conception; It has a broad mind and a large packaging capacity, but it is closely related to the author's intention and has no "deviant". The text of teaching prose should pay attention to the following points:
1. Clear the thread. Prose is scattered in form and refined in structure. In teaching, students should be guided to find the "ideological red line" that skillfully connects a large number of seemingly scattered materials in prose. It is the main thread running through the story, which can help students accurately grasp the main idea of the article, understand the author's feelings and appreciate the structural beauty of the author's layout.
2. Taste the language. Prose language is mostly concise, vivid, novel and meaningful, which is most worthy of students' deep thinking. Teachers should guide students to grasp key words, strive to grasp their essence, and chew their rich meanings and unique expressive force. Lead students to immerse themselves in written language, read life word by word, feel the accuracy and vividness of prose language, and chew the beauty of prose language.
3. Feel the artistic conception. The artistic conception of prose is the author's subjective thoughts and feelings [this article comes from www.JyQKw.cOm] and the artistic realm of the objective physical environment and life picture described, which can lead readers into full imagination space. To understand prose, we should guide students into the artistic conception created by prose and appreciate the beauty of prose.
(3) Novel teaching strategies.
The novel focuses on portraying characters, reveals social contradictions and reflects the literary genre of real life through complete story plots and specific environmental descriptions. The three elements of a novel are plot, characters and environment. The teaching of novel texts should pay attention to the following points.
1. Analyze the story. Most of the novel texts in primary school Chinese textbooks are excerpts from novels, but the stories are relatively complete, even the excerpts are like short stories. In teaching, we should guide students to perceive the main content of the text as a whole, find out the ins and outs of the story, understand the role of the plot in characterization and reveal the theme of the novel.
2. Analyze the characters. Description is the most commonly used method to portray characters in novels, which can be divided into two types: positive description and side description. The positive description includes appearance, language, action, manner, psychology, etc. (that is, detail description), while profile description includes those descriptions that reflect the inner activities and ideological changes of characters with other people's words and deeds (that is, profile comparison). In teaching, we should grasp the description of characters, their personalities, thoughts and feelings, and understand the theme of novels.
3. Analyze the environment description. The so-called environment here includes natural environment and social environment. People live in a certain natural and social environment, and the formation of people's character and thoughts is always influenced and restricted by the specific environment. In teaching, students should be guided to analyze the environment, so as to understand the close relationship between the environment and people and themes.
(D) Narrative classical Chinese teaching strategies.
Classical Chinese refers to the written language of ancient Chinese formed on the basis of the spoken language in pre-Qin and the language in the ancient works of later writers. Classical Chinese, that is, articles written in classical Chinese, is also called ancient Chinese. Classical Chinese teaching should pay attention to the following points:
1. Reading comprehension difficulties are the main obstacles for students to learn classical Chinese, and they are prone to fear of difficulties. In teaching, teachers can read the text smoothly, stimulate students' desire to learn and initially perceive the characteristics of classical Chinese through model essay reading and students' practice reading.
2. Understand the content. Let the students understand the meaning of each sentence with notes, and then grasp the content of the text as a whole. After reading the text, let the students tell stories in their own words. On the basis of reading the story, we can enlighten our thinking and understand the connotation.
3. Taste the language. Classical Chinese is concise, vivid, concise, or full of the author's sincere and rich feelings, or expounds thought-provoking philosophy, which embodies the author's artistic ingenuity in tempering language. In teaching, it is not only the emotional experience and aesthetic activity of students, but also the activity of learning and mastering language skills to identify and taste key languages and seize the opportunity to guide students to expand their imagination.
4. Learn to recite. Primary school is the golden age of children's memory, and accumulating more classical Chinese is of great benefit to the formation of a good sense of language and the cultivation of Chinese literacy. In teaching, it is not only the goal of classical Chinese teaching in primary schools, but also the strategy of classical Chinese teaching.
(5) Script teaching strategy.
Script is a literary genre, which mainly promotes the plot and depicts characters through dialogue or lyrics. The main features of the script are concentrated reflection of real life, concentrated expression of contradictions and conflicts, and promotion of dramatic actions with lines. Teaching script text should pay attention to the following points:
1. Understand the main idea of the script. The script advances the plot through dialogue. In teaching, we should guide students to be familiar with the plot of the script, grasp the main contents of the text, and initially understand the contradictions and characters in the play.
2. Feel the role. Scripts also depict characters through dialogue. In teaching, we should keep up with the development of the plot, grasp the dialogue between characters, pay attention to narrative language, analyze the contradictions and conflicts formed by the characters' language, and feel the characters' images.
3. Play different roles. Children are naturally active and good at imitation. In teaching, students are guided to perform scripts in different roles, so that students can indulge in the richness of the plot in the play, enjoy the charm of the language in the play, and enjoy the joys and sorrows of the characters in the play, so as to like and understand the script as a literary form.
Second, the teaching strategy of poetry
Poetry is a literary genre that expresses feelings and thoughts implicitly with rhythmic language and rich imagination. The basic characteristics of poetry are conciseness, jumping and musicality. How to teach this text?
In the third issue of "Reading Objectives and Contents", Chinese Curriculum Standards put forward clear requirements for poetry reading: "Reading poetry, grasping poetry as a whole, imagining the situation described by poetry and feeling the emotion of the work. Infected and inspired by excellent works, yearning for and pursuing beautiful ideals. " Therefore, the basic strategies of poetry teaching are: first, grasp poetry as a whole, imagine the situation described by poetry, and initially understand the artistic conception of poetry; The second is to experience the poet's emotion and be infected by it; The third is to be familiar with it. This teaching follows the process of poetry reading from "speech" to "image", from "image" to "context" and from "context" to "meaning"
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There are mainly new poems and ancient poems arranged in the third textbook of primary school Chinese published by People's Education Press.
(A) new poetry teaching strategies.
New poetry, also known as new style poetry and free verse. First of all, it is a poem, so it has the general characteristics of poetry. The second is "new", which arose in the May 4th period and is different from traditional ancient poetry. The teaching of new poetry should pay attention to the following points:
1. Read and infer its meaning. Students can understand some poems only by analyzing them, but to experience the deep meaning of some words personally, they need to appreciate and recite them repeatedly.
2. Copy the feelings in reading. In reading, we should guide students to communicate with their hearts through individual life and poetry, and try to figure out and experience repeatedly in reading. Finally, let the students express their experience of the moment of soul collision with the poet through reading, so as to truly grasp the connotation of the work.
3. Learn the text by reciting. Learn to recite, accumulate and use. Repeated reading and careful reading can deepen the experience and understanding of poetry and achieve the effect of "reading a book a hundred times and seeing its meaning".
(2) Teaching strategies of ancient poetry.
Ancient poetry is a bright pearl in the treasure house of Chinese art, which is loved by people for its concise and implicit language and profound artistic conception. Ancient poetry teaching should pay attention to the following points:
1. I know. To understand ancient poetry, it is important to break through the key words that students are unfamiliar with, have different meanings in ancient and modern times, and have reversed word order, which can affect the whole body. In teaching, according to the characteristics of primary school students, we should help them understand and teach the learning methods of ancient poetry: expanding, staying, supplementing, changing, adjusting, chewing and connecting.
2. entrance. Using situational teaching to make students feel the beauty of artistic conception. In the teaching of ancient poetry, teachers should create situations through various ways and channels to guide students into the realm.
3. Feel your feelings. Poetry emphasizes imagination, and only by arousing students' emotional experience and generating empathy and resonance can people feel it. Poetry also emphasizes reading aloud. On the basis of guiding students to understand the content of poetry, reading aloud with emotion can reproduce the artistic conception of poetry and deepen their understanding of the meaning and feelings of poetry.
Thirdly, the teaching strategy of expository writing.
Explanatory writing is a style that introduces and explains objective things and reasons. There are four ways to explain in primary schools: examples, figures, comparisons and metaphors. How to teach this text?
In the third issue of "Reading Objectives and Contents", "Chinese Curriculum Standards" put forward clear requirements for reading expository articles: "Reading expository articles can grasp the main points and understand the basic interpretation methods of articles." Therefore, the basic strategies of teaching expositions are as follows:
1. Find out the explanation object. First of all, we should understand what the article is explaining by reading.
2. Grasp the characteristics of things. In order to clearly and accurately explain the characteristics of things in the text, the author will put the sentences about the characteristics of things in a prominent position and guide students to find these sentences to understand encyclopedic knowledge in teaching.
3. Understand the interpretation method. Explain that the method can popularize profound truth, simplify complex knowledge, concretize abstract content and visualize rational content. Understanding the explanation method is the key to learning the explanation text.
4. Arrange the order of instructions. One of the characteristics of expository writing is "orderly speech". Only by clarifying the order of interpretation can we grasp the author's thinking and see the characteristics of things clearly, that is, grasp the basic framework and main content of the article as a whole.
Fourthly, the teaching strategy of simple interrupted texts.
Discontinuous text organizes materials in different ways, which requires readers to adopt different strategies to enter the text, obtain information and construct meaning. Common types are: catalog, index, graph, chart, map, data table, timetable, list, bill, advertisement, certificate, etc. How to teach this text?
In the third issue of Reading Objectives and Contents, Chinese Curriculum Standards put forward clear requirements for reading discontinuous texts: "Reading simple discontinuous texts can find valuable information from combined materials such as pictures and texts." Therefore, the basic strategies of discontinuous text teaching are as follows:
1. Found useful information. The combination of graphics and text can help us effectively grasp the important information conveyed by the chart, so as to draw a conclusion quickly.
2. Information integration. First, read it through and get a general idea. Secondly, determine the project according to the problems to be solved. Finally, choose the problem of information integration.
3. Try simple inference. First of all, we should guide students to browse the article quickly, understand the main idea of the article, then find the key items accurately, and finally make their own accurate judgment.
Fifth, the teaching strategies of reasoning and writing.
Argumentative writing is an article that analyzes and comments on a certain issue or thing and shows one's own views, positions, attitudes, opinions and propositions. Usually one or several examples are used to illustrate a truth, that is, the central argument. How to teach this text?
In the third issue of Chinese Curriculum Standards, "Reading Objectives and Contents", there is no clear requirement for the reading of expository texts. However, the significance of reasoning teaching in primary schools can not be ignored. It is the carrier of cultivating students' logical thinking ability and the basis of learning argumentative essays in middle schools. For the transition, this kind of text is arranged in the third textbook of People's Education Publishing House. Teaching reasoning should pay attention to the following points:
1. Grasp the argument. The central content of reasoning is the soul of reasoning and the concentrated expression of the author's thoughts and opinions. By guiding students to grasp the central content of the article, understand the author's views and problems to be solved in the article, and understand the general idea of the article. Most reasoning articles are summaries of the central content, so it is not difficult for students to accurately grasp the central content of reasoning articles.
2. Read the example. The examples of reasoning articles serve for argumentation, so teaching should be different from general narratives, and the context of examples of people and things can be clarified, instead of being entangled in emotional rendering and vivid description. The focus of reasoning teaching is to guide students to understand how to explain the truth with concrete examples, that is, typification of examples and rationalization of arguments.
3. use examples. Guide students to discover the structural characteristics of reasoning: put forward opinions at the beginning, demonstrate with examples in the middle, and summarize and improve at the end. Let students use this reasoning method as an example to infiltrate the formal logic thought of deduction and induction in the use of language and characters, so that students can realize the logical power of reasoning.
Professor Wang Rongsheng of Shanghai Normal University once said: "Good reading teaching is often based on proper text interpretation. The reason why reading teaching is not so good is often because it adopts inexplicable interpretation and reading methods, regardless of text style. " This paper is talking about the basic strategies of stylistic teaching, not advocating that primary school Chinese class should be a stylistic analysis class, but expressing the idea that Chinese teaching should return to common sense, consider the requirements of learning periods, respect the characteristics of the text, follow the stylistic characteristics, teach fairy tales to become fairy tales, prose to become prose, and novel to become novels. Of course, the basis of all this is that Chinese teachers must first have certain stylistic knowledge, especially conscious stylistic awareness.