The high tension between generalists and professionals has become the root of many problems in education. The development of morality and spirit has increasingly become the core orientation of higher education. University culture includes all spiritual and imaginative fields from science to poetry. For a long time, China's higher education has been run by poor countries. This road has played a specific role in a specific historical development period and achieved very positive results. However, judging from the choice of development path, there must be some inherent shortcomings in this path, such as elite-style closed school running, efficiency-oriented concept of simply pursuing scale expansion, and relatively weak connotation innovation of higher education, which all affect the sustainable development of higher education in China to varying degrees. Higher education is in urgent need of further deepening reform, and it is necessary to reflect and reconstruct the development concept of higher education according to Scientific Outlook on Development's requirements. As we all know, the historical pursuit of the value of higher education began in Europe in the modern sense of 12 century. The early university was called universitaslitterarum, which had two basic characteristics: first, in a sense, it was a fusion of disciplines, which actually merged the three arts (grammar, logic and rhetoric) and four arts (arithmetic, geometry, astronomy and music) of ancient Greece into a unified seven arts as the basic course of the university; The second is to take traditional profound knowledge as its own responsibility, aiming at cultivating all kinds of professionals, especially clergy. The early famous University of Bologna basically only taught Roman law and church law. American scholar Burton? r？ Clark believes that the earliest European universities were established by a small group of teachers and students to meet the external and internal needs of dividing and systematizing the development ideas in law, medicine, theology and other fields. However, simply imparting advanced knowledge does not seem to fully reflect the value of higher education. Thus, 18 10 Germany established a brand-new Berlin University. Humboldt, its designer and educator, clearly pointed out that academic research is the central task of universities, emphasizing that universities are also scientific research institutions, and universities should actively explore new ideas of unifying teaching and scientific research in school-running practice, and the scientific research function has begun to become an important goal pursued by universities. This new concept of running a school has profoundly influenced the later development track of higher education institutions in the world, and its logical product is a research university that dominates the contemporary higher education system. About half a century later, American President Lincoln signed the famous Morelle Act in 1862. The bill explicitly requires that colleges and universities be encouraged to serve the local social and economic development, especially the agricultural economic development, through land grant by the government. Since then, a large number of land-grant colleges have appeared in the United States, including the famous Cornell University, which aims at serving local economic development. When Cornell University 1868 was founded, it was clearly stated that science should directly serve agriculture and other productive labor. Since then, the social service function of higher education has been paid more and more attention, and the interaction and mutual assistance between universities and society has become a new development model, both for universities and for society. Through the above historical review, we can find two basic characteristics of the development of higher education in the world: the function of higher education and the mode of running colleges and universities are constantly changing with the development of the times, and the mission of higher education reform is to constantly conform to the trend of development and make structural adjustment without losing time. The general trend of higher education development is more, wider and deeper integration into the mainstream of social development, and the role of higher education in social development is not only growing, but also becoming more and more important. Moreover, it is precisely because of this benign interaction between education and society that the sustainable development of society has gained inexhaustible power. Based on this, we can find that there are two major problems in higher education in China: First, due to the stubbornness of cognitive formula, the concept of running higher education is still limited to the teaching of systematic knowledge to varying degrees, and the idea of university reform is basically spinning in the thunder pool of knowledge. The talent training program and its corresponding professional courses show an extremely obvious disciplinary orientation, which obeys the internal (and therefore closed) logical system of subject knowledge and ignores skill training and innovative spirit. Secondly, in the current management system of colleges and universities, the three functions of teaching, scientific research and service are analyzed and divided, and the academic affairs office, scientific research office and adult education office (college) are fragmented, and the functions of higher education are artificially dismembered. The idea of combining teaching with scientific research has been shelved in varying degrees by institutional defects, so there is such a worry that one period emphasizes scientific research, which leads to the decline of teaching quality, and another period attaches importance to teaching quality, which leads to the decline of scientific research level. We should conscientiously implement Scientific Outlook on Development, adhere to the people-oriented principle, strive to achieve comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development of higher education, and continuously deepen the reform and development of higher education. In my opinion, at present, China's higher education should re-recognize and scientifically handle the following three relations. The relationship between teaching, scientific research and serving the society Teaching and science and serving the society are the three basic functions of higher education. Although human society has different understandings of these three functions, they are essentially a whole, which together constitute the basic elements of the overall operation of higher education. It should be noted that the three basic functions of higher education are unified, and there are internal relations that complement and interact with each other. In the reform of higher education, we should attach great importance to the dialectical relationship between teaching, science and social services, especially through theoretical research and practical exploration, fully reveal the causal relationship between them, so as to rebuild the thinking and direction of reform. The fundamental mission of higher education is to cultivate people, so the three functions of teaching, scientific research and serving the society should be focused on the development of students. The reform of higher education should grasp and design the realization ways and operation carriers of the three functions as a whole, revitalize and integrate existing educational resources, especially teaching resources, scientific research resources and social service resources, serve the development of students and realize the structural transformation of higher education. For example, the curriculum and teaching materials of colleges and universities should change the tradition of focusing on the subject system and be designed in full accordance with the needs of scientific research and serving the society; In teaching methods, project teaching methods such as problem-centered teaching method are actively introduced to effectively improve students' problem-solving skills and abilities; In order to reform the existing administrative management mode of separation of functions in the management system, it is necessary not only to redesign the setting of administrative offices on the basis of functional combination, but also to increase horizontal exchanges and even combinations among departments, research institutes and offices. The relationship between foundation and specialty In early universities, four colleges were generally set up for a long time, namely, the Faculty of Arts, the Law School, the Medical College and the Theological Seminary. Among them, the College of Liberal Arts is a preparatory course, and the teaching content is seven arts as a basic course, while law, medicine and theology are a kind of professional education, which only recruits graduates with liberal arts degrees from the College of Liberal Arts. This model of setting basic courses and specialized courses has been passed down to this day. However, with the continuous development of society, especially the acceleration of social change, the contradiction and even opposition between foundation and specialty are increasingly prominent, and the demand for talents in social development is more inclined to generalists than professionals. Ashby, a famous British higher education scholar, believes that serving the society requires the ability to solve social, scientific and psychological conflicts, as well as the ability to coexist with unsolvable problems, and this ability to coexist is also difficult to possess. Because a problem does not appear in a certain discipline, it is impossible to find a solution in a certain discipline. So, in society, a generalist? And the person with strong comprehensive ability becomes the trump card. No wonder American higher education scholar Max? Weber believes that the high tension between old generalists and new professionals has become the root of many problems in education. Since the reform and opening up, China has reflected on the original detailed expert training model. Colleges and universities have generally attached importance to and increased the teaching of basic courses, but have not seriously reviewed the traditional model of adding basic courses to professional courses. In my opinion, from the requirements of human cultivation and all-round coordinated development, it is necessary to further explore the scientific nature of this model and actively explore the diversified combination of specialized courses and basic courses in some majors or courses to meet the new requirements of social development for talent cultivation. From 65438 to 0995, UNESCO published the Policy Document on the Reform and Development of Higher Education, requiring higher education to revise its own curriculum plan, and to adopt and compile a new curriculum plan when necessary to meet the needs of human sustainable development agenda. People have reached a general consensus that it is necessary to strengthen the interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary nature of curriculum content and improve the effectiveness of teaching methods. Plans aimed at innovative learning and teaching must reflect this development. The integration of basic courses and specialized courses, as well as the organic intersection between different disciplines, is the mainstream trend of contemporary higher education curriculum construction, and we must pay enough attention to it. The relationship between science and humanities, and the relationship between science education and humanities education is a long-term controversial topic in the history of higher education development. In fact, with the popularization of higher education, the significance and role of higher education in social development are increasingly prominent, and colleges and universities pay more attention to the all-round development of students and the spiritual growth of people. The World Declaration on Higher Education in the 2 1 Century: Prospects and Actions issued by UNESCO in 1998 emphasizes that higher education and research are playing a role as the main components of the sustainable development of individuals, communities and countries in culture, social economy and environment. Therefore, higher education itself is facing great challenges, and it must carry out the most thorough reform and innovation that has never been required, so that our society, which is experiencing a profound value crisis, can transcend economic considerations and pay attention to deep-seated moral and spiritual issues. The development of morality and spirit has increasingly become the core orientation of higher education. Due to the emergence and strengthening of this core value orientation, the significance and role of humanistic education have attracted great attention from the international higher education community. For a long time, under the influence of positivism, higher education has excessively highlighted the position of scientific knowledge, and colleges and universities are often regarded as the halls of science and are confused. There is a general tendency in higher education to emphasize analysis over synthesis, to emphasize realistic subjects over humanities and to emphasize induction over deduction. Since the founding of New China, the development of China's higher education was once influenced by the Soviet Union, and it was keen to build a specialized school-running model linked with economic construction, consciously or unconsciously further strengthening the culture of science first. However, higher education is the key stage for students to develop their intelligence in society, and how to lay a good foundation for this stage needs careful study. As early as 1996, UNESCO's famous report "Educational Wealth Contained in it" put forward a new view that universities should become cultural places for the whole people, holding that the task of universities should not only train a large number of young people engaged in research or other professional work, but also become a source of knowledge for more and more people who seek to make their lives meaningful with their curiosity. The culture envisaged here is a culture in a broad sense, including all spiritual and imaginative fields from the strictest science to poetry. This document deliberately puts forward the concrete expression of university culture, including all spiritual fields and imagination fields from science to poetry, which is quite intriguing and worthy of our deep thinking. Reminiscent of a famous Chinese academician's practice of asking his doctoral students to read the Analects of Confucius and other classic documents, we can't help but think that this scientific academician can really understand the true face of Lushan Mountain and has extraordinary insight and wisdom. In the efforts to explore the relationship between science and humanities, we need to carefully study the educational case of this academician, which may give us different enlightenment. (The writer is the president, professor and doctoral supervisor of Zhejiang Academy of Educational Sciences. )