(One of My Humble Works) 1004 After the alliance between Song and Liao Dynasties, the three-party regime and its people in China entered a period of rest and recuperation, and the Liao Dynasty was able to have sufficient energy to study and discuss the governance methods for Nuzhen and other tribes. Xiao Taihou and Liao Shengzong, who were in charge at that time, divided the Nuzhen into "family nuzhen" and "birth nuzhen" according to the fact that the Nuzhen was scattered and the education level was very different, combined with the different geographical location and social productivity level. In short, they are the so-called "truth" and "birth jurchen". By the time of Emperor Shengzong of Liao Dynasty, the Khitan people had completely completed the process of sinicization, which was mainly reflected in the fact that their official positions were basically the same as those of the Central Plains Dynasty, the royal etiquette was the same as that of Zhao and Song Dynasties, the education system and ancient books textbooks were basically copied from the Northern Song Dynasty, and there was no difference between costumes and the Central Plains. The Liao Dynasty also inherited the long-term management and control mode of ethnic minorities formed by the * * * regime. Take the classification of "nuzhen" and "nuzhen" as an example, which completely inherits the traditional concepts of "familiarity" and "birth". Specifically, "Nuzhen" is also called "Liao Dynasty Nuzhen" or "Zongnuzhen", that is, the so-called "* * * Zhen" refers to the Nuzhen ethnic group that was included in the regular statistics of the Liao Dynasty population and paid relatively normal taxes. This group of people originally lived in Bohai (about the North Hamgyong Road, South Hamgyong Road and Tumen River in North Korea today). In the early years of Emperor Shengzong of Liao Dynasty, the Liao Dynasty sent envoys to proclaim the emblem and became servants in Abri, Lu Ye. Yao Che's fourth grandson mocked the ancient Khan, a famous military general and etiquette in the period of Shengzong, who once won the trust with Lu Ye and Xie Zhen) and Lin Hengde (word Xunning,? -In 996, he married Princess Yue, the daughter of the Liao emperor. He worked with Lu Ye, the special envoy of the Tang Dynasty, Lu Ye Xie Zhen (word Hanyin,? -In 999, Liao Shizong, Mu brothers and Jing uncles received great attention and made great contributions to maintaining the ruling authority of Shengzong. In the war against the Northern Song Dynasty, he made outstanding achievements in the Battle of Gaolianghe and the Battle of Yanyun, defeated the Northern Song Expeditionary Army led by Pan Mei and Yang Ye, and laid the foundation for the confrontation between Liao Dynasty and Northern Song Dynasty. ) General and other generals conquered this part of Nuzhen, captured more than 65,438+10,000 people and more than 200,000 war horses, and forced eight neighboring tribes such as Nuzhen and Saili to join the Liao Dynasty. For these Nuzhen people with higher education level, more developed economy and more communication with the Khitan, Emperor Shengzong of Liao ordered them to be formally included in the household registration and moved to Liaoyang, Tokyo, which is very close to the Khitan headquarters. These jurchens who normally pay taxes for military service are called "born jurchens" or "born jurchens". Ting Yun, Liao really exercised autonomy, set up the management of the Grand Palace, and the leaders of various ministries obeyed the constraints of the king appointed by Liao Tingzhen. * * * There are still some people in Li Zhen who are called ash dams. They live in Huifa Valley (originating in huinan county, Jilin Province, China, flowing through panshi city and flowing into the First Songhua River in huadian city), writing Huiba about Liao history, writing Huiba about Ming and Qing history, and writing Huiba when other history books appear. "Hui Fa" is a Khitan language, and its original meaning is "unrestricted communication". In fact, the Uighur Department is also a tribe of Su Shen, and later it is also a part of people. After Momo's Bohai Kingdom was destroyed by Liao Dynasty, the settled Bohai people were forced to go to the headquarters of Qidan and Yanyun. At the same time, in an emergency, the Liao Dynasty prohibited the remaining former Bohai people in the northeast from hiding weapons, while the Uighur department was favored by the Liao Dynasty because of its long blood relationship with Bohai people or Momo people. Back to the bully department is also a kind of * * *, which was also included in the household registration and tax management by the Liao Dynasty court. It was managed by Zhou Xian's Military Forces Division (that is, Liaoyang House, Zhouxian Road, Tokyo Road, Liao Dynasty), and the Military Forces Division was a * * * institution dealing with military and political affairs within the first-level administrative region. Zhou Xian (now the ancient city of kaiyuan city, Liaoning Province, China) handled his related affairs. Because it is located further north, the Uighur Department is also called "Northern Nuzhen". After the reign of Emperor Shengzong of Liao Dynasty, with the further communication with advanced nationalities such as Han nationality and Qidan, * * * has made great progress in economy, culture and social life. The Liao Dynasty gradually established the Northern Nuzhen Grand Palace, the Northern Nuzhen Military Forces Division and other military and political institutions, and constantly improved the management of the Northern Nuzhen. In addition, the Liao Dynasty also set up the Yalu River Jurchen Grand Palace, Changbai Mountain Jurchen Grand Palace, and Pulumao Ministries, which were under the northern Jurchen system. (From the territory of the Liao Dynasty/from the Internet) Compared with the above-mentioned * * * town managed by the Liao Dynasty in a similar county system, Jurchen has distinct characteristics: First, the relations of production and productivity are very backward, and material is scarce. Most people are still in the semi-primitive social form of slash and burn; Second, the level of culture and education is low, and there are still a lot of cases of tying ropes and carving wood as inscriptions; Third, tribes do not belong to each other, and often attack each other for natural resources or population competition; Fourth, it is mainly scattered and mobile, living in places with extremely difficult natural conditions such as mountainous areas and old forests. According to the ancients, "the place is more than 1000 miles, the registered permanent residence is more than 100,000, and it is still out of bounds. Since we are promoted to be the chief, thousands of households are small and thousands of households are large, we will say that we are virgins "(see Xu's History of the Song Dynasty and the Northern League, Volume 3). The book has 250 volumes and the editing style is consistent. The so-called "Three Dynasties" refer to Huizong Zhao Ji in the Northern Song Dynasty, Song Qinzong Zhao Huan in the Northern Song Dynasty and Gaozong Zhao Gou in the Southern Song Dynasty. In the middle of Liao Dynasty, especially during the long-term rule of a monarch, Sheng Zong, and his mother, Xiao Taihou, these daughters were captured by the prestige of Liao Dynasty and all surrendered to the court. However, due to excessive dispersion and backward economy and culture, they were actually in a state of disunity and high autonomy among tribes, and they were neither incorporated into Liao State nor paid taxes normally. They just sent young people to join the Liao army when something happened. At that time, there was no highly unified management system in Jurchen, and all tribes were "winners". Tribal leaders regularly contributed horses, ginseng, beeswax, Haidongqing and other local products to the Liao Dynasty to show their ownership. There are many tribes of Jurchen, such as "108" and "72", which all illustrate the fact of dispersion. If * * * is really a millet flour that originated from the original ethnic community, then the birth of a daughter is the inheritance of Blackwater. The place where Jurchen lives is very vast, covering the whole of Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces in the northeast of China today, the northern half of eastern Inner Mongolia, the northern half of the Korean Peninsula, and the vast areas of Sakhalin Island, west of Wusuli River and north of Heilongjiang in Russia, that is, the winter solstice reaches the Sea of Japan, with Liaohe River in the south, Arctic in the north and Mongolian Plateau in the west. With the overall economic and social development of the Liao Dynasty, the accumulation of material wealth is increasingly rich, and the rulers of the Liao Dynasty and the nobles of the Qidan imperial clan are more greedy for pleasure. They have completely lost the vigor and vitality when Mao Abaoji started the foundation, and even the traditional "four seasons system" ("Liao History Wei Yingzhi") Yuan et al. edited: "Liao country is full of desert, and there is a cover outside the Great Wall, so it is appropriate." It is cold in autumn and winter, and it is normal to fish with aquatic plants in spring and summer. At four o'clock, everyone has his own place to go, which is called Bona. "Bona is a Khitan language, which means the camp of the emperor of the Liao Dynasty. He maintained the habit formed by his ancestors in nomadic life, and his life was impermanent and he migrated in four seasons. Therefore, the emperor has his own position at four o'clock, which is called "holding bowls in spring and autumn and bowls in winter and summer", also known as "holding bowls at four o'clock". Bona in the four seasons of the Khitan royal family changed and differed according to the personal preference of the Liao emperor, so that the original meaning of the word Bona was later extended from palace, camp and tent to refer to the fishing and hunting activities of the emperor in the four seasons. ) is also more of a mere formality, and more of it has become a "routine" extortion of all ethnic groups in the country. Bona should actually be a kind of physical and mental experience and state maintenance for the pampered royal family, a patrol and Xuanwei for the territory and people, and a silent shock to those who are eager to move. Therefore, after Liaozhong, "stale flavor" has unconsciously degenerated into a "sharp weapon" to destroy the authority of the imperial court, self-destruct its image, increase the burden on the people, and intensify class and ethnic conflicts, which is probably not what it should mean. Halfway up the mountain, with the attention of the Khitan people and the Liao Dynasty, through the baptism of blood and fire again and again, Jurchen grew and changed quietly like a child. They are looking forward to going out of the forest, out of dispersion and ignorance, just like silkworm babies, trying to break through the heavy shell and see the beautiful world as soon as possible. (one of my poor books)