Maria montessori is a world-famous preschool educator in the 20th century. The unique early childhood education method she founded swept the whole western world and profoundly affected the education level and social development of all countries in the world, especially developed countries in Europe and America. The characteristic of Montessori's education law is that she attaches great importance to early childhood education. She has been engaged in educational experiments and research for more than half a century. Her educational methods-from intellectual training, sensory training to sports training, from respecting freedom to building will, from civilian education to aristocratic education-have provided generations of excellent talent bases for the sustainable development of western industrialized society. The history of western education calls her "the greatest educator of scientific progress who won the recognition of Europe and the world in the 20th century. In recognition of Montessori's special contribution to early childhood education and world peace. 1950, she was nominated as a candidate for the Nobel Peace Prize. Torres bogart, Director-General of UNESCO, once declared enthusiastically: "maria montessori has become a great symbol of our desire for education and world peace. "

Montessori was born in Chiaravalle, ancona. She is the first woman to study medicine and the first woman doctor of medicine in Italian history. 1907 Montessori established the "Children's Home" in the slums of Rome. Recruiting 3-6-year-old children for education, she used her own original method to teach, and the results showed amazing results: a few years later, those "ordinary and poor" children had great changes in their minds and were cultivated into smart, confident, educated and energetic young talents; Montessori's brand-new teaching method with great educational charm has caused a sensation throughout Europe. Reports about these excellent children spread like wildfire. Many new "Children's Home" were established according to the Montessori model. 1909, Montessori wrote the book "Scientific Education Methods Applied to Children's Home", which was published in the United States in 19 12, and was quickly translated into more than 20 languages and spread all over the world. More than 100 countries have introduced the Montessori method, and the Montessori movement has also appeared in Europe and the United States. From1913-1915, Montessori schools are all over the world. By the 1940s, there were more than 2,000 in the United States alone. Montessori has caused a revolution in preschool education around the world.

Montessori education method is an educational method to comprehensively improve children's quality and develop their potential. She skillfully uses her children's own growth requirements to achieve the purpose of education without damaging their freedom and happiness. Montessori believes that children have inherent "inner vitality", which is positive, constantly developing and has infinite power; The task of education is to stimulate and promote the development of children's "inner potential"; Children are not containers that adults dump, nor are they clay and wax that can be shaped at will. Teachers and parents must carefully study and observe children, understand their inner world, and help children achieve physical and mental development in free and spontaneous activities. Accordingly, Montessori created and designed a set of effective training methods for preschool children to guide them to grow up quickly.

Montessori called children's learning activities "work". She believes that work can coordinate children's muscle and body movements, use their hands and brains, and promote the coordinated development of body and mind; Through children's free choice of homework, independent operation and dedication, they will hone their will, enhance their self-control, courage and self-confidence, cultivate their independent spirit and accept strict discipline training; At the same time, it also meets my psychological needs. Montessori teaching method solves the problem of children's discipline well. Through the children's continuous completion of the grading work at hand, the children have perfected themselves and honed themselves. With the growth of ability, children's freedom to satisfy their wishes also increases, and their sense of discipline and freedom also grows together.

Montessori attaches great importance to children's early intellectual development, but opposes teacher-centered cramming education. Montessori school advocates self-education, and children are the main body and center of educational activities. It is advocated to start with daily life training, with a good learning environment and rich teaching AIDS, so that children can learn spontaneously, think independently, discover themselves, educate themselves and grow up. Teachers and parents are only observers and instructors of children's activities. This kind of education mode, in which teachers don't teach and children explore for themselves, is much better than indoctrination education. Before the age of 6, the children in Montessori class not only mastered the basic ability of reading and calculation, but also mastered a lot of natural knowledge, and more importantly, they became interested in learning.

Another important discovery of Montessori is the "sensitive period" of children's intellectual development, which is of great significance to early childhood education. Montessori found that children will show strong sensitivity to language movements, details, procedures, writing and reading. At different stages before the age of 6. During this period, the related study is very easy and quick, which is an excellent educational opportunity, but after this time, this strong interest will disappear. Grasping the opportunity and carrying out education can lay the foundation for children's lifelong development.

Montessori wrote a lot in his life. Its contents can be roughly divided into four categories: (1) Children's education from birth to 3 years old: the secret of childhood, children's discovery and absorption psychology; (2) Education for children aged 3-7: Montessori method, Montessori manual, children in the family; (3) About 7- 13 children and adolescent education: There are two volumes of Advanced Montessori Method, including Spontaneous Activities in Education and Montessori Primary Teaching Aids and Education in Adolescence and Beyond; (4) Other aspects: educational anthropology, new world education, educational reconstruction, human potential development, peace education, etc. Left a rich spiritual legacy to future generations.

Montessori education law is a complete educational system with strong practicability and operability. It can not only complete children's early intellectual development, but also comprehensively improve children's physical and mental quality; Nowadays, Montessori kindergartens have mushroomed in many cities in China. Montessori education law is also being valued by preschool teachers in China; We have reason to believe that the "Montessori method", as a classic method of western preschool education in the 20th century, will definitely have a positive and far-reaching impact on our all-round pursuit of the world trend, training and bringing up preschool talents in China, and making our children grow up healthier, more scientific and more humane.