Advocating "teaching without discrimination", hoping to train the anti-people into "sages" and "gentlemen". He emphasized "learning to know and do" and put forward teaching principles such as teaching students in accordance with their aptitude, inspiring and inducing, paying equal attention to learning and thinking, integrating knowledge and doing, and applying what they have learned. His thoughts are embodied in The Analects of Confucius. (2) The Book of Learning, which appeared in the late Warring States period, is about learning from each other's strong points, heuristic teaching and strict teaching.

(3) The ancient Greek philosophers Socrates, Plato and Aristotle are outstanding representatives of western ancient educators. Socrates passed on his teaching method-"midwifery" from generation to generation; Plato used the Republic to benefit future generations; Aristotle, as an encyclopedic philosopher, advocated a harmonious and comprehensive education for students, which became the ideological source of emphasizing human development in later education.

(4) quintilian in ancient Rome was the first educator devoted to education in the history of western education. On the Education of Speakers is the first educational monograph in the West.

(5) The representative figures of the Renaissance are Italian Vitorino, Dutch Erasmus, French rabelais and Montaigne. They oppose the suppression of children's nature by feudal education, and emphasize that teachers should respect children's individuality, care for and trust children, and make people's physical and mental abilities develop harmoniously through education.