? Elizabeth I (English: Elizabeth I,1September 7, 533-1March 24, 603), named elizabeth tudor, was the last monarch of Tudor dynasty and the queen of England and Ireland (1558+065438+/kloc-0). She is the daughter of King Henry VIII of England and his second wife, anne boleyn.
/kloc-in October, Elizabeth's half-sister Mary I died, and Elizabeth succeeded to the throne. 1559 65438+1October15th, Elizabeth was officially crowned Queen of England.
Elizabeth succeeded in maintaining the unity of England at the beginning of her reign. After nearly half a century of rule, Britain has become one of the most powerful countries in Europe. British culture also reached a peak in this period, and famous figures such as Shakespeare and Francis Bacon appeared. British colonies in North America also began to be established during this period.
? The reign of Elizabeth I was called the "golden age" in British history.
? Elizabeth I passed away at Richmond Palace on March 24th, 1603. She never married, so she was called "virgin queen". Also known as "Queen of Glory" and "Queen of Wisdom".
? 2. Role experience:
? Elizabeth was born in Prestia Palace in London on September 7th, 2003. She is the only surviving child of King Henry VIII of England and his second queen anne boleyn. Because her parents were married according to Protestant canon, Catholicism considered her illegitimate daughter.
? Elizabeth was appointed heir to the throne when she was born, and her half-sister Mary (later Mary I) became her servant.
? On May 1536, when Elizabeth was three years old, her mother anne boleyn was sentenced to death for treason. Elizabeth was declared illegitimate and changed from "Princess Elizabeth" to "Miss elizabeth tudor".
? 1537, Henry VIII and his third queen jane seymour gave birth to a boy: Edward (later King Edward VI of England of England). Both Elizabeth and Mary became Edward's servants, but her sister Mary never treated Elizabeth well from childhood to girlhood. When Edward was baptized, Elizabeth gave Edward a white washing dress and smeared holy oil on Edward.
? 1543, Elizabeth's elderly father Henry finally married catherine parr, who served in the court, as his sixth wife. Queen catherine parr is very kind to two princesses, Mary and Elizabeth. They are well educated and have reliable friends and companions of the same age. Influenced by the Queen, Henry VIII reconciled with his two daughters, Mary and Elizabeth.
? Elizabeth's teachers include Roger Asquin, a famous English Renaissance humanist. She was educated in classical literature, history, mathematics, poetry and language. She can speak and write six languages: English, French, Italian, Spanish, Latin and Greek.
? Under the influence of Queen catherine parr and other teachers, Elizabeth became a Protestant.
? Under the persuasion of Queen catherine parr, 1544, Henry passed the third succession bill, giving Mary and Elizabeth the right to inherit the throne again, which was second only to Prince Edward. But they are still illegitimate daughters.
1547, Henry VIII died and Edward VI of England succeeded to the throne. Because Edward was still young at that time, and the political power fell to the Regent's Council, which was dominated by Protestants trying to make Protestantism the church of England, Elizabeth's position as heir to the throne was relatively stable.
? However, in 1553, after Edward learned that his life had come to an end, he drew up an "inheritance case" with the parliament in an attempt to prevent the country from falling into Catholic forces again. Edward appointed his cousin Jane Grey (Jane Grey) as the heir to the throne, excluding his half-sisters Mary and Elizabeth.
? 1553 In July, after the death of King Edward VI of England of England, Mary I deposed her successor Jane Grey and became the Queen of England. Mary is a devout Catholic. She forced Elizabeth to convert to Catholicism. Although Elizabeth converted to Christianity on the surface, she is still a Protestant at heart. Mary is very dissatisfied with this.
? /kloc-at the end of 0/553, Thomas Wyatt rebelled in the name of Elizabeth and led the army from Kent to London before being defeated. Although Elizabeth insisted that she was not involved in the uprising, she was still imprisoned in the Tower of London for two months, and then Elizabeth was released, but was placed under house arrest in a manor.
? In April 1555, Elizabeth was released from prison and summoned to the palace to accompany Mary I who claimed to be pregnant. Mary's pregnancy reaction lasted until July 1555. After her stomach recovered, she was confirmed not to be pregnant.
? 1558 In March, because Mary I had no children after marriage for a long time, Mary had to accept Elizabeth as her legal heir, and the British Parliament reiterated the arrangement that King Henry VIII stipulated Elizabeth as the heir.
10, Mary I died and Elizabeth succeeded to the throne.
Elizabeth was crowned Queen Elizabeth I in Westminster Abbey on June 5438+0559+ 10/5, and the Archbishop put Wang Mian on Elizabeth's head.
When Elizabeth I ascended the throne, Britain was in a chaotic state of internal religious division. In order to consolidate the rule and relieve the pressure at home and abroad, the Queen adopted a policy of compatibility between Catholicism and Protestantism, which stabilized the political foundation. Successfully maintained the unity of England, and after nearly half a century of rule, England became one of the most powerful and richest countries in Europe. British culture also reached a peak in this period, and many famous figures emerged, including playwright william shakespeare.
During the reign of Elizabeth I, many navigators appeared, including Francis Drake, Walter Raleigh and Humphrey Gilbert, which promoted the development of British navigation. Britain became stronger and stronger, and established colonies in North America.
However, the religious compatibility policy she adopted did not completely solve the problem of religious conflicts, which led to the continuous Puritanism movement and social unrest in the later period of the Queen's rule.
Elizabeth I is cautious, and her motto is "I observe, I am silent". She likes to invest in expensive clothes and jewels. She often goes to the countryside by horse instead of carriage.
3. Marriage diplomacy
Elizabeth I was called the "virgin queen" when she was alive. She remained single all her life and never married. But when she was young, because she was unmarried, she never refused or agreed to others' pursuit, so she didn't express her position, which dragged down the relationship between all parties in the world. She used her unmarried status to make promises to Spain, the Holy Roman Empire, France, Sweden and other royal families, and used her marriage as a bargaining chip to balance the strength between the two great powers in continental Europe, especially France and Spain, and seek the greatest interests for Britain.