From 65438 to 0829, Jacob completed primary school in Hadley parish school and entered Aberdeen Language School for secondary education.
183 1 legg won the first-class scholarship of the royal college of aberdeen after passing the examination. Previously, he was in distress because of a public meeting riot, but he survived. From 183 1 to 1835, Jacob studied at the Royal College of Aberdeen, that is, during his university education. 1835 Upon graduation, he was awarded the highest scholarship by the Royal College of Aberdeen-Hatton Nien Scholarship.
1836, Jacob gave up the opportunity to teach Latin at the Royal College of Aberdeen because he insisted on non-state religion and did not change the state religion, and then taught mathematics and Latin at a Catholic school in Blackburn, England for one and a half years.
From 65438 to 0837, Jacob studied theology at Highbury Theological Seminary in London.
1838, Jacob joined the London society and decided to preach overseas. Jacob was engaged to Mary Isabella Morrison, the daughter of john morrison, a member of the London Council.
From 65438 to 0839, Legge studied Chinese from Xiu De, a professor of Chinese at London University. That year, despite the doctor's warning about his health, Jacob and milian's child Milne William Charles went to Malacca to preach in the same boat.
Jacob arrived in Malacca on June 1840 65438+ 10/0. After that, Jacob and his wife were acclimatized and in poor health. In Malacca, James Legge served as a journalist and consultant of St Paul's Church in London, and also served as an assistant to Evans of Huaying College in Malacca, and managed the printing of the college. That year, cholera broke out in Malacca. In June 65438 +065438+ 10, Evans and Josiah Hughes died of cholera, and Jacob was awarded a senior faculty position in the college. At this time, Britain and the Qing court were discussing the opening of trading ports, and Jacob suggested to the London Parliament that Huaying College be moved to Hong Kong.
184 1 year, Jacob compiled a dictionary of English, Chinese and Malay, which was later used as a textbook of Huaying College in Malacca. At this time, Legge had already begun to study Sinology, sorting out, translating and compiling Christian Chinese documents. When cholera was prevalent in Malacca, Legge wrote a book about cholera to Chinese in Malacca, which was distributed locally, and advised people to give up superstition and convert to Christianity from a medical point of view. At this time, China He Futong became James Legge's missionary assistant. 1841July 13, Jacob Leger was awarded an honorary doctorate in theology by new york University. In June, Jacob became the dean of Huaying College.
1842 After the treaty of nanking was signed, the London Parliament decided to raise huge funds to carry out missionary activities in China. Jacob continued to work hard for the relocation of the school. He corresponded with Ma Lixun's son Maruhan, who was then the secretary of the East India Company, the secretary and translator of the Ma Lixun Education Association and Hongkong China people.
1843 In July, Huaying College in Malacca and its Chinese printing house moved to Hong Kong. Since then, Jacob has faced many problems such as hard life, chaotic social order and poor living conditions. However, his house has become a place for Bible classes, and He Jinshan continues to preach with Jacob. That year, Jacob applied to the Hong Kong government for land allocation to expand Huaying College, but was rejected because Huaying College did not respond when the Hong Kong government needed translation. From August 22 to September 4, British and American Protestant missionaries came to China to discuss the revision of the Bible translation in Hong Kong, hoping to launch a unified commissioned version. Jacob was invited to join because of his linguistic knowledge and good Chinese. However, in the process of revision, the religious academic debate of missionaries was fierce from the beginning.
1844, Huaying College was renamed Huaying Theological Seminary. On the second Sabbath of 1844, Jacob opened the first Chinese chapel under the Church Market Hall in London, Hong Kong. The church was presided over by Jacob, but when Jacob returned to England temporarily, He Jinshan accepted Jacob's entrustment to manage the church. In fact, He Jinshan is also in charge of many affairs. Jacob's assistants He Jinshan and Huang Sheng began to write and print religious pamphlets in Chinese from 1996. Among them, Legge's religious anthology On the Mount of Jesus (1865 reprint) was translated and annotated by He Jinshan.
At the beginning of 1845, Jacob Leger suggested to the Hong Kong government that there should be a government-funded school to provide education for China people "free of charge", but this proposal was not adopted because the plan was "too complicated and expensive". The You Ning Concert Hall built by Jacob was completed in 1998. This year, Jacob and Dr. maddox talked about his views on the translation of Christian documents, and thought that "God" was the proper word to translate "Elohim" and "Theos". 1 1 In June, Legge returned to China for treatment due to repeated persistent high fever, and brought three China students: Wu Wenxiu, Li Jinlin and Song Fojian.
From 65438 to 0846, Jacob and his party arrived in Britain, which attracted the attention of British society. From his arrival in England to 1848, Jacob traveled all over England to preach. During this period, Jacob and Secretary of State Grace talked about the recent missionary work in Hong Kong, especially the development of education, and tried to promote the secularization of education. Later, Gladstone wrote to Hong Kong Governor Davis on this matter.
1On May 20th, 847, Jacob decided to study sinology, translate China's scriptures and help preach. On July 2, the revision of the Bible began. On the 5th, there were serious differences, which led to a protracted dispute over name translation. Jacob is inevitably involved in this problem. That year, Jacob's sponsored library program began to be implemented in Hong Kong. On February 6th, 65438, the Hong Kong government announced in the Hong Kong Official Gazette that it would subsidize three China Literature Schools at the rate of 10 yuan per month, and set up an education committee to supervise them. This marks the beginning of government intervention in education. But at this time, the government did not compete with the church for educational control, and the religious education atmosphere at this time was quite strong. (Note: 1847 Jacob hasn't arrived in Hong Kong yet and is still on his way. )
1April, 848, I set out for Hong Kong. On the way out of Singapore, a fire broke out on the boat that Legg and his family were on, and Legg directed the male passengers to put out the fire. Arrived in Hong Kong on July 22nd. 1848 In August, missionaries from Hong Kong and Guangzhou gathered to set up a mission station, with Jacob as the secretary. The missionary station meets every three months to coordinate the missionary work in the two places. From August 3 1 to February 1, Legge experienced the first devastating typhoon in Hong Kong. It was in 1998 that Jacob's fourth daughter Anne passed away, and the Leggers were deeply saddened. Huang Sheng works in Huaying College and helps Jacob translate Confucian classics. From 1848, Jacob changed his position in the "terminology dispute" and chose the word "God" to translate the Christian "God".
1849, Jacob wrote a sermon, The Day of God.
1850, Jacob's first wife, Mary, wrote to the Social Oriental Committee in London, asking for more support for the girls' school affiliated to Huaying College. This school was founded by Mary at the instigation of Jacob when Huaying College moved to Hong Kong. It is one of the earliest girls' schools in China. London will basically agree to Mary's proposal. On March 20th, Legge put forward the idea of building a church in Guangzhou to the headquarters. On August 20th, the headquarters sent a letter to Legge, rejecting Legge's proposal.
18511On February 28th, Legge experienced the second devastating typhoon in Hong Kong.
1852, after the peasant uprising army in southern Guangdong was defeated by the Qing army, the Qing army massacred it. Jacob rescued a China girl from the Qing army and helped to rescue an old man. At that time, Legge published "China people's view of ghosts and gods", which was the real beginning of Legge's study of China's religious scholarship. During this year, Legge also wrote a collection of religious works, A Brief Introduction to Yue Se, Poems for Nourishing the Heart (later renamed Poems of the Patriarch) and Ode to Renji Yiguang in the Rest Hall. /KOOC-0/0/KOOC-0/October/KOOC-0/7, Jacob experienced the third devastating typhoon in Hong Kong. Also in June 5438+10, Jacob's first wife Mary died of illness, and then his two daughters died one after another. 165438+1October 22, Jacob then suggested that the headquarters of the London Club should request the establishment of a church in Guangzhou, but there was no result.
1853, Jacob Legge was invited to join the Board of Education (1853- 1862, later changed to the Education Bureau) and proposed the official scholarship system: the best knowledge reward for the Bible or the four books 1 0.5, and the best reading reward for English or geography10. 1999, Jacob was in charge of the first Chinese newspaper in Hong Kong, and Huang Sheng assisted him. In the same year, the gold rush caused a large number of China people to flood into California and Australia. For the purpose of missionary work, Jacob wrote a pamphlet "Golden Hill Tips" about immigrating to the United States, arranged for five students of Huaying College to set up a church in California, and arranged for two young people to preach in Australia. Also in 1853, Jacob's youngest daughter died on the way to Scotland. Jacob was very sad. He was left alone in Hong Kong. Around 1853, James Legge helped the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom to establish the name "Worship God".
1854, Jacob Legge wrote the China missionary pamphlet "The Holy Book of Admonition", "Annotations to the New Testament" and "The Creed of Jesus' Disciples", and translated the Zhouyi for the first time. In the same year, Han Shanwen took the fugitive Hong Rengan to see Jacob, and Jacob helped arrange for him to teach.
1855, Jacob developed a Taoist to convert to Christianity. 1855 65438+ 10/2. Legge continued to insist that the headquarters of the London Club be located in Guangzhou, and proposed to move the printing bureau to Shanghai in the hinterland of China for development, but to no avail. The publication of Far and Near Guan Zhen was suspended for lack of manpower. From 1855 (to 1858), Hong Rengan was employed by London society, became a priest, preached scriptures, and worked as Jacob's assistant.
1856, the textbook Elementary Course of Zhihuan Enlightenment School edited by Jacob Legge was published in Hong Kong as the textbook of Huaying Theological Seminary. (1859, Hong Kong official schools took this book as the standard textbook and reprinted it in Guangzhou and Hong Kong 1862 and 1864 respectively; 1867 was introduced to Japan. First, it was republished by Edo Wu Kaishe as a training point, and it was named "Enlightenment of Carving Wisdom Ring", which was widely circulated in Japan and became the teaching material of many schools with many versions. And 1856- 13 Huaying theological seminary, which was under maintenance in Hong Kong, was closed due to shortage of manpower and financial problems. That year, Jacob wrote "The Interpretation of the Holy Book" and "A Brief Introduction to Abraham". In the same year, Jacob baptized Che Guangjin. This year, Legge asked China doctor Feng Wang to get the same salary as western missionaries, which caused a discussion among foreigners. (On the issue of giving Christians in China the same wages as those in the West, Jacob's discussion with London society continued until 1860. ) Liang is a public school student. He left Hong Kong to build a church with missionaries in Victoria, Australia. (In the early 1960s, Liang built two more churches in Ballarat, Australia, and established the Foshan Church in China on 1866, which was the first church successfully established by China people. From 65438 to 0856, James Legge preached in English and Chinese in the Catholic Church in Hong Kong, and translated China's scriptures in his spare time.
1857, the chef of a local bakery poisoned all the British people, and Jacob survived. This year, Jacob returned to England for the second time due to health problems and the publication of China's translated masterpieces. After Jacob left, the Reverend John Dechang of Hong Rengan sponsored the trip to Nanking.
/kloc-in 0/858, Jacob met the widow Hannah through the arrangement of his eldest brother George, whose late husband was also a priest and had a daughter. Later Jacob married her. In the same year, Jacob took his second wife, her daughter and his two former daughters to Hong Kong. After returning to Hong Kong, the Registrar of the Supreme Court of Hong Kong visited Jacob and asked Huang Sheng to be an interpreter in court. Huang Sheng declined out of ambition of missionary work.
1859, Jacob Legge published The State of Qin-Speech on the 65th Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of London. From June 5438 to 10, Legge experienced the fourth devastating typhoon in Hong Kong. In the late 1950s, Legge's two daughters joined Legge's career, taught in different schools founded by Legge, and both married and lived in Hong Kong.
1860, Hong Rengan was made king by Hong Xiuquan. Since then, he has often corresponded with Jacob. Jacob hoped that he could correct the deviation of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom belief and stick to the line of reconciliation with foreigners. Hong Rengan once asked someone to send money to Jacob, but Jacob refused. This year, Jacob Legge wrote religious books "Code of Congregation" and "Christian Belief and Behavior", and baptized the people brought by Che Guangjin. In the same year, the Hong Kong Board of Education was reorganized into the Education Bureau, becoming a government agency specializing in government schools. At this time, Jacob has become an authoritative figure in this institution, and he advocates secular education with great fanfare. On July 3rd, Jacob Legge put forward the famous "Educational Innovation Plan" at the meeting of the Education Bureau, which was later published in the Hong Kong Government Gazette in writing. He suggested closing all the royal libraries (that is, aided schools) in city of victoria and concentrating all the children in a new central college, with emphasis on English teaching. With the help of Jacob, from 65438 to 1960s, the focus of education in Hong Kong shifted from religious education to secular education.
The first edition of China's Classics was published in Hongkong on 186 1- 1872. Among them, the first volume contains The Analects of Confucius University The Doctrine of the Mean published by 186 1, the second volume contains Mencius published by 186 1, and the third volume contains Annals of Bamboo Scriptures (two volumes).
186 1 year, after Guangdong was captured by Britain and France, Jacob and his friends visited Henan, Guangdong (the place name of Guangzhou, now in Kangle Park of Sun Yat-sen University) and saw a Buddhist temple attacked because the people were hostile to all foreigners. In the spring of the same year, Zhan took a boat to visit the car in Boluo, Guangdong Province, and was welcomed by the local people along the way. Their journey lasted four weeks, but then they were attacked. On June+10, 5438, Che Guangjin, a Cantonese who accepted Jacob's baptism, was killed by his enemy. Jacob risked his life to rescue Che Guangjin. Before leaving, he told the British consul: If he dies, don't use warships, because he wants to bring his innocent reputation home.
1862, Jacob built two churches in Victoria Peak and Wan Chai, Hong Kong. In February, with the support of the Hong Kong government, Central College officially opened, which marked the shift of the focus of education in Hong Kong to secular education. The first president of Central College was Stuart. Stuart inherited Jacob's secular education and put it into practice. Jacob therefore relieved the Education Bureau of its heavy secretarial and management responsibilities. That year, Britain published a letter from Jacob to protest against the British-French Coalition forces led by Gordon to suppress the Taiping Army. In the same year, Legge experienced the fifth devastating typhoon in Hong Kong. This year, Wang Tao went into exile and began to help Legge translate China's classics, which lasted for 20 years. (From 1862 to 1865, Legge has trained translators and interpreters for the Hong Kong government for three years. )
At the end of 1863, Jacob raised and donated 2 1000 yuan for the construction of You Ning Hall.
1On June 6th, 864, Jacob experienced the sixth devastating typhoon in Hong Kong. That year, Jacob once again fell into a health crisis, so he went to Xihe, Guangdong Province to travel and recuperate.
1865, Jacob and other members of the Education Committee abdicated and the Ministry of Education took their place. In the same year, Jacob was invited to the Hong Kong government for tea because of his outstanding contribution to public welfare. That year, Legg accompanied his second wife Hannah to Shantou, Xiamen and Shanghai, and then went to Japan for medical treatment. Hannah finally returned to China because of her acclimatization, with her daughter.
1866, a rare fire broke out in Hong Kong, and Jacob successfully raised relief funds. That year, he went to visit a student infected with scarlet fever and was busy with a death row inmate he thought was innocent. Jacob experienced an explosion in Stonecutters Island, Hong Kong. A merchant ship carrying 80 tons of explosives was detonated for unknown reasons.
1867 February, Jacob temporarily returned to England for illness due to poor health, and the translation of ancient books in China was temporarily suspended. Jacob soon wrote to invite Wang Tao to Scotland. At the end of the year, Wang Tao went to Scotland and traveled to France and other countries.
1868- 1869 Jacob and Wang Tao devoted themselves to the translation of books in Gola, and also took time to travel to Edinburgh, Glasgow, Les and Aberdeen. At that time, Jacob didn't want to stay in London, but devoted himself to the translation of ancient books in China.
1870 65438+1On October 5th, Jacob and his daughter Mary returned home with Wang Tao. In March, he arrived in Hong Kong. Since then, Wang Tao has become an independent journalist, and gradually became a social reformer, starting his own career. Jacob signed a contract with the City Council of London and worked as a priest in You Ning Abbey for three years. Because of the printing business of You Ning Tang, it is more convenient for Legge to print his translation of China Classics.
187 1 year, Jacob taught the Bible among British soldiers. That year, he wrote a sermon, The Gospel of Freedom. 2. Legge, together with other missionaries and some chambers of commerce, organized more than 1000 signatures, demanding that casinos be banned.
1July, 872, Jacob went into shock from overwork in the middle of the night, and his hand fell.
1873, Jacob traveled to the north of China, deeply regretting the backward situation. /kloc-in may of 0/7, Jacob went to Confucius' house and mentioned the local opium cultivation in his diary. That year, Legge bid farewell to Hong Kong, and Wang Tao wrote an article praising Legge. Jacob went to America, and then returned to England to settle down. Jacob returned to England to openly oppose the opium trade. From 1873 to 1876, Jacob wrote a 330-page manuscript, trying to translate hymns into poetic Latin, and made some explanations on some language points, similar to his work in translating China classics.
From 1874 to 1875, Reverend John Legge and others helped Legge retranslate The Book of Songs.
1875, Mill and Jacob provided a series of translations of the sacred books of the East. On April 20th, Oxford University decided to make Jacob Legge the first professor of Sinology.
From 65438 to 0876, Jacob Legge won the first China International Prize in Literature in stanislavski. 10 10 On October 27th, Jacob Legge delivered his inaugural speech at Calderon Theatre, from which he began his teaching career at Oxford University until his death.
From 65438 to 0877, Legge's A Comparison between Confucianism and Christianity was read at the Shanghai Conference of Missionaries in China, which caused great controversy among missionaries, but was rejected for publishing because it was considered to overestimate Confucianism and caused terminology problems again. After that, the article was published independently with the support of friends. That year, Jacob prepared to retranslate the Book of Changes and invited Wang Tao again. But Wang Tao was not invited.
1878, Jacob Legge published two volumes of papers: Confucianism in the Chinese Empire, Life and Theory of Confucius and Life and Theory of Mencius.
1879, Jacob translated the third volume of the Holy Book of the East, including the Book of Songs, the religion in the Book of Songs and the Book of Filial Piety. That year, Jacob was invited to become a pastor of the Presbyterian church.
From 65438 to 0880, Jacob published Religion in China: A Comparison of Confucianism, Taoism and Christianity in London based on his teaching and research experience at Oxford University. That year, Jacob nominated the second president of Central College. In the same year, Jacob's second wife Hannah died.
From 65438 to 0882, Jacob was completely deaf, but he still insisted on teaching and translating. That year, James Legge translated the Book of Changes, the sixteenth volume of the oriental holy book, and wrote the entry of Laozi for the ninth edition of Encyclopedia Britannica.
1883, the Anglican Church in London published James Legge's Comparison between Christianity and Confucianism on Life Theory.
1884, Jacob went to Edinburgh University to participate in the celebration, and Edinburgh University awarded him a doctorate in theology.
1885, Jacob translated The Book of Rites, the Book of the East, Volumes 27 and 28.
1886, James Legge translated Fa Xian Xing Chuan (or The Story of the Buddha). That year, Jacob suffered a stroke and his health deteriorated.
1887, Jacob published a sinology research paper "The Image of Bodhisattva".
1888, Jacob gave a lecture on "the history of Christianity in China", and once again expressed deep regret over the opium trade. In the same year, Legge published Christianity in China: Nestorianism, Roman Catholicism and Protestantism.
189 1 year, Jacob Legge translated volumes 39 and 40 of Tao Te Ching, a sacred book of the East, and the Collected Works of Zhuangzi, and published a sinology research paper, Karma Theory.
1892, Jacob's translation of the Four Books was revised and reprinted by him.
From 1893 to 1895, Jacob revised China's classics, which were reprinted by Oxford clarendon Publishing House.
1897165438+1On October 29th, Jacob died in Oxford.
(Source: Building a Bridge between East and West [Monograph]: A Study of British Sinologist Jacob Legge/Yue Feng. Fuzhou: Fujian People's Publishing House, 2004. -Page 370: Figure; 20cm。 —— (The titles of academic research series/articles of Foreign Language and Literature Research Center of Fujian Normal University have been slightly changed)