Morality is the norm and criterion to adjust the relationship between people by evaluating good and evil, which is mainly maintained by people's inner beliefs, public opinion and customs. The market economy needs both the invisible hand of morality and the invisible hand of law of value to adjust. Morality, as a certain ideology, exists in a certain economic form and has certain times. In the process of China's transition from a planned economy to a market economy, people's moral concepts have also developed and changed, and moral concepts and norms adapted to the market economy have been formed.
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1. Market economy provides a material basis for the implementation of morality. You should know a lot about manners. People should meet their physical needs first, and then meet their spiritual needs.
Market economy creates conditions for people's free choice.
3. Market economy has expanded the scope of moral communication.
Wider communication is conducive to the establishment of a universal moral system and norms.
Market economy is fair, characterized by freedom, equality and democracy.
5. People's consciousness of self-improvement, competition, efficiency, democracy and legal system, pioneering and innovative spirit, etc. , have been significantly enhanced.
We should be soberly aware that market economy and morality are not "antinomy", which is determined by the nature of socialist market economy. Commodity market economy is related to the social needs of exchanging needed commodities, both in terms of production and development, and it is a mutually beneficial credit economy. Adam Smith pointed out: "whoever wants to do business with others should first put forward this point: please give me what I want, and at the same time, you can get what you want." This sentence is the general meaning of the transaction. Marx believed that regardless of the social form of wealth, the use value always constitutes the material content of wealth. In other words, market operators must produce valuable products (not fake and shoddy), which is the premise of the existence and development of commodity market economy. Believers are the foundation of people, and people without faith don't know what they can do. In commodity exchange, immorality, dishonesty, dishonesty, forgery and deception may succeed for a while, but they will never last long. This has been repeatedly proved by history and reality.
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The 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China continues to take giving priority to the development of education and running a satisfactory education for the people as the central task of education reform and development, and at the same time regards education as the primary issue of improving people's livelihood and social construction. This reflects the full implementation of Scientific Outlook on Development and further respects people's expectations for better education and beautiful China.
■ Zhu Yongxin
Without the strength of education, there will never be a strong country, which is a law repeatedly verified in the course of human development.
The 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China is a very important and landmark conference held in the decisive stage of building a well-off society in an all-round way. The congress not only strengthened our faith, our road confidence, theoretical confidence and institutional confidence, but also pointed out the direction for the next round of educational reform and development in China.
The contents about education in the report of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China are different from those in the report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and they are identical in spirit. We will continue to give priority to the development of education and run a satisfactory education for the people as the central task of education reform and development, and at the same time regard education as the primary issue of improving people's livelihood and social construction. This reflects the full implementation of Scientific Outlook on Development and further respects people's expectations for better education and beautiful China. Focusing on the education that people are satisfied with, the report puts forward the following basic requirements.
Give priority to the development of education and regard education as the cornerstone of national rejuvenation and social progress.
The report of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China further emphasized the strategic position of education. If education is strong, the country will be strong, and if education is prosperous, the nation will prosper.
To give priority to the development of education, the first thing is to ensure investment in education. In recent years, the proportion of education funds in gross domestic product (GDP) has greatly increased, achieving the goal of 4%. In 20 12, the expenditure on education at all levels exceeded 2 trillion yuan, accounting for 20% of the fiscal expenditure. Zhang Ping, director of the National Development and Reform Commission and secretary of the Party Group, said at the press conference of the 18th National Congress that the gross domestic product in 20 12 can exceed 50 trillion yuan, and the fiscal expenditure on education should exceed 2 trillion yuan. In the budget passed by the National People's Congress, the national financial expenditure on education is 20 198463 billion yuan, accounting for more than 4% of the GDP. The proportion of education investment in the central budget has reached about 7%.
With the basic guarantee of education funds, how to make good use of this money is a common concern of the whole society. In fact, the substantial increase in education funds is gradually optimizing the investment structure. The administrative department of education has made clear the basic principles of the use of funds, that is, on the basis of "ensuring operation, wages and safety", we will focus on strengthening weak links and key areas and strive to achieve four inclinations: to rural areas, poverty-stricken areas and ethnic minority areas; Incline to rural compulsory education, vocational education and preschool education; Incline to students with special difficulties; Tend to build high-level teachers. At the same time, further innovating the allocation mechanism of education funds, establishing and improving the management, supervision and performance evaluation system of education funds, and constructing the policy system guarantee to ensure the maximum benefit of education funds are also issues that should be seriously considered and concerned at this stage.
Take moral education as the fundamental task of education and fully implement the party's educational policy.
For some time, the phenomenon of one-sided pursuit of enrollment rate in educational practice is more serious. This tendency takes scores and grades as the only criteria for evaluating schools, teachers and students. "One handsome man covers all the ugliness" seriously lacks ideal, morality and personality education, and the cultivation of students' exploration ability and innovative spirit is not taken seriously. The report of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China regards "educating people with moral education" as a clear work requirement, which once again blows the horn of correcting the deviation from exam-oriented education to quality education.
On the surface, we all seem to know that education is the cause of cultivating people. Education is not only to give children grades, but also to lay the foundation for their lives. But in primary and secondary schools, scores often become the highest pursuit of education and the standard to measure the quality of education. In universities, employment is usually the most urgent task, and it is also the most critical indicator to judge the quality of universities. If scores and employment become the fundamental goal of our whole education and the important pursuit of education, it will seriously deviate from the party's educational policy and violate the fundamental task of education. Moral education is the highest goal of education. What kind of people are cultivated reflects a country's educational values. Education is the cause of cultivating people, and it is the cause of making people move towards a noble and beautiful life through cultivating people. Therefore, the most important task of education is to shape a beautiful human nature, cultivate a beautiful personality and let students have a beautiful life.
Vigorously promote educational equity and rationally allocate educational resources.
Educational equity is the foundation of social equity and an important channel to realize the rational flow of social strata. The report of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China regards promoting educational equity as an important task. While making it clear that educational resources should be allocated to rural areas, remote areas, poverty-stricken areas and ethnic minority areas first, it is especially proposed to support special education, improve the level of financial assistance for students with financial difficulties in families, and actively promote the equal education of children of migrant workers, so that every child can become a useful material.
Fairness and efficiency are always the primary problems that any reform must face. Equity priority or efficiency priority not only reflects the different value orientation of reform, but also is the different choice of reform in different periods. Education reform is no exception.
Over the past 30 years of reform and opening up, China has made great achievements in education and made great efforts to promote educational equity. We have successfully solved the worldwide problem of "poor countries run large-scale education", fully implemented free compulsory education, and realized the popularization of higher education. But why are people still dissatisfied with education? Because the education reform takes the route of giving priority to efficiency, the gap between urban and rural areas and between high-quality schools and weak schools is getting bigger and bigger. The hot and difficult issues, such as the craze for choosing schools and the trend of tutoring, which are strongly reflected by the masses, are almost closely related to the uneven development of education.
Therefore, the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward the idea of promoting educational equity, which gave us a keen insight into the root of China's educational problems. When expounding the importance of educational fairness, Comrade Liu Yandong once pointed out that fairness is determined by the essential requirements of the socialist system and the public welfare of education, and it is also the embodiment of implementing the Scientific Outlook on Development. "Education is a major livelihood issue, and educational equity is the starting point of social equity, and people's expectations for educational equity are much higher than those in other fields". Promoting educational equity should be the basic principle and premise of educational reform and development in China for a long time to come.
Coordinate the development of education at all levels and improve the quality of education.
The report of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly puts forward that preschool education should be well run, nine-year compulsory education should be developed in a balanced way, high school education should be basically popularized, modern vocational education should be accelerated, the connotative development of higher education should be promoted, continuing education should be actively developed, the lifelong education system should be improved, and a learning society should be built.
The report puts forward specific requirements for the overall development of all kinds of education at all levels, and its uniqueness lies in the changes in details, which is different from the past. Among them, for preschool education, it is a great progress from calling for "attention" in the past to explicitly asking for "doing well". The important task of nine-year compulsory education is to realize the ideal of high quality and balance, run every school well and run the school at the doorstep of ordinary people. The main task of high school education is to increase popularization and reasonably determine the ratio of ordinary high schools to vocational high schools. At the same time, the report of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly puts forward the problem of connotative development of higher education, which shows that higher education urgently needs to move from scale expansion to structural adjustment and connotative development. How to further improve the quality and efficiency of teaching and scientific research is the main task of higher education in the future. How to develop continuing education and promote entrepreneurship education, leisure education, and education for the elderly. It should also be an important task of building a lifelong education system and building a learning society as proposed in the report of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.
Strengthen the construction of teachers, and enhance teachers' sense of honor and responsibility in teaching and educating people.
The report of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to the construction of teaching staff, and clearly requires further improvement of teachers' professional ethics and professional ability. In educational activities, the key figure that determines the quality of education is the teacher. If teachers are strong, education will be strong. Without high-level teachers, there will never be a high-level education. Therefore, how to further improve the social status of teachers and attract the best talents into the teaching staff; How to further strengthen teachers' professional identity and professional development, so that teachers can truly have professional dignity and happiness is a very urgent task before us.
Specifically, the first is to strengthen the construction of rural teachers and improve the overall quality of rural teachers. Rural education is the shortest piece of education in China, and rural teachers are the most critical factor restricting the quality of rural education. We should go all out to improve the quality of rural teachers, prevent the loss of outstanding teachers in rural areas, and constantly send outstanding teachers to rural areas. The second is to strengthen the construction of preschool teachers and improve their overall quality. The third is to reform the enrollment and training methods of normal students and improve the professional access and management system of teachers. It is suggested that normal universities and comprehensive universities should train teachers at the same time and encourage outstanding university graduates to choose a teaching career. The fourth is to promote the reform of teacher education curriculum and improve the quality of teacher education. It is suggested that teacher education curriculum standards should be issued as soon as possible, and practical courses such as classroom, curriculum, child development, teacher-student relationship, educational research and academic evaluation should be added to increase teaching practice time. In addition, teachers' continuing education should be strengthened to promote their professional development; Strengthen the construction of teachers' morality and create a strong atmosphere of respecting teachers and attaching importance to teaching in the whole society.
In short, we should pay full attention to the basic and key role of teachers in the development of the whole education, and strive to create a high-quality and professional team of teachers with noble morality, exquisite business, reasonable structure and full of vitality.
Attach importance to the special role of education in the construction of socialist core value system
The report of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that it is necessary to strengthen the construction of the socialist core value system and comprehensively improve the moral quality of citizens. Although these two issues are discussed from the perspective of cultural development, they are actually inseparable from education, because education is the most fundamental basis for building a socialist core value system and establishing a common spiritual home for the Chinese nation.
The report clearly and concretely takes three categories, 12 concepts and 24 words, namely, national prosperity, democracy, civilization and harmony, social freedom, equality, justice and the rule of law, personal patriotism and professionalism, as the content of socialist core values. It can be further refined in school education to make it easier to remember and practice.
In short, "running a satisfactory education for the people" is the fundamental guiding ideology for future education reform and development, and it is also the basic standard for measuring the effectiveness of education. Education needs the guidance of ideas, the inspiration of spirit and the implementation of actions.
Adhering to the concept and spirit of the 18th CPC National Congress, we should sum up our experience, face up to our shortcomings and forge ahead. (The writer is a member of the 11th the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), a full-time vice-chairman of the Central Committee of the Democratic Progressive Party, and a vice-chairman of the China Education Association. )
China Education News 20 12 12 6th Edition.