Confucius (September 28th, 55 BC1year-April, 479 BC 1 1 year), son surname,? Kong, surnamed Qiu, is a native. Originally from Xiayi (now Xiayi County, Shangqiu City, Henan Province), he was born in Qiaoyi, Shandong Province (now Qufu City, Shandong Province) in the Spring and Autumn Period. China is a famous great thinker, educator and politician. Confucius initiated the atmosphere of private lectures and was the founder of Confucian school.
Educated by Laozi, Confucius led some disciples around the world for fourteen years. In his later years, he studied six classics: Poetry, Shu, Li, Yue, Yi and Chunqiu. According to legend, he has 3,000 disciples, including 72 sages. After the death of Confucius, his disciples and their re-disciples recorded the words and deeds, quotations and thoughts of Confucius and his disciples, and compiled the Confucian classic The Analects.
In ancient times, Confucius was regarded as a "saint of heaven" and a "muduo of heaven". He was one of the most knowledgeable scholars in the society at that time, and was honored by the rulers of later generations as the saint, the most holy and the most holy teacher of Confucius, the master of Wang Xuan and the teacher of all ages. His Confucianism has a far-reaching influence on China and the world, and Confucius is listed as the first of the "Top Ten Cultural Celebrities in the World".
Poet Li Bai
Li Bai (February 8, 7065438+0—June 65438+February 762), whose real name was Taibai, was also called "fallen immortal". He was a great romantic poet in Tang Dynasty, and was praised as "Poet Fairy" by later generations. It is also called "Du Li" with Du Fu. In order to distinguish it from the other two poets, Li Shangyin and Du Mu, namely "Little Du Li", Du Fu and Li Bai are also called "Big Du Li". He is cheerful and generous, loves to drink and write poems, and likes to make friends.
Li Bai was deeply influenced by Huang Lao's idea of sorting out villages. Li Taibai's poems have been handed down from generation to generation, and most of his poems were written when he was drunk. His representative works include Looking at Lushan Waterfall, it is hard to go, Difficult Road to Shu, Entering Wine, Liang, First Sending Baidicheng, etc.
There were biographies of Li Bai's Ci and Fu in the Song Dynasty (such as Wen Ying's Xiang Ji). As far as its pioneering significance and artistic achievements are concerned, Li Bai's Ci Fu enjoys a high status.
Poet du fu
Du Fu (A.D. 7 12- A.D. 770) was born in Xiangyang, Han nationality, and then moved to Gong County, Henan Province. [ 1-2]? A great realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty, who claimed to be a young man at night, was called "Du Li" together with Li Bai. In order to distinguish Li Shangyin, Du Mu and Xiao Du Li, Du Fu and Li Bai are also called Da Du Li, and Du Fu is often called Lao Du.
Du Fu's influence on China's classical poetry is far-reaching, and he is called "the sage of poetry" by later generations, and his poems are called "the history of poetry". Later generations called him Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu, and also called him Du Shaoling and Du Caotang.
Du Fu wrote such famous works as Spring Hope, Northern Expedition, Three Officials and Three Farewells. In 759, Du Fu abandoned his official position and went to Sichuan. Although he fled the war and lived a relatively stable life, he still cared about his life and managed state affairs. Although Du Fu is a realistic poet, he also has a wild and unruly side. It is not difficult to see Du Fu's heroism and dry clouds from his masterpiece Song of Drinking Eight Immortals.
The core of Du Fu's thought is the Confucian thought of benevolent government, and he has the great wish of "making the monarch Yao and Shun superior, and then making the customs pure". Although Du Fu was not famous during his lifetime, his fame spread far and wide, which had a far-reaching impact on China literature and Japanese literature. There are about 65,438+0,500 existing poems by Du Fu, most of which are collected in Du Gongbu Collection.
Qu Yuan, the first great patriotic poet
Qu Yuan (340-278 BC), a native of Chu in the Warring States Period, was named Mi, Qu, Ping and Yuan. "Li Sao" says: "The name is right and the word is elegant." Born in Chu Danyang (now Yichang City, Hubei Province), Qu Yuan is a descendant of Qu Xian, the son of Xiong Tong, and a disseminator of the study of Huang Lao. Qu Yuan is the earliest romantic poet in China and the first great patriotic poet in the history of China literature. His appearance marks that China's poetry has entered a new era from collective singing to solo.
Qu Yuan is the founder and representative writer of Songs of the South, and also created the tradition of "vanilla beauty". Qu Yuan is also a politician. He worked as a doctor in San Lv and was a leftist in charge of internal affairs and foreign affairs. After Wuqi, another advocate of political reform in Chu was Qu Yuan. He advocated using talents internally, cultivating statutes, and uniting external forces against Qin. Later, he was exiled to the Yuan Xianghe Valley because he was excluded by the nobles.
1953 is the 2230th anniversary of Qu Yuan's death. The World Peace Council adopted a resolution to identify Qu Yuan as one of the four world cultural celebrities commemorated that year.
The first art book, Sun Tzu's Art of War
Sun Tzu's Art of War, also known as Sun Wu's Art of War, Wu Sun Tzu's Art of War, Sun Tzu's Art of War and Sun Wu's Art of War, is the earliest existing military work in China and the earliest military work in the world, and is known as the "sacred book of military science". The philosophy of Taoism and military strategists is everywhere. There are about 6,000 words and 13 articles.
Sun Tzu's Art of War is a brilliant treasure in China's ancient military cultural heritage and an important part of excellent traditional culture. Its content is profound, its thought is profound, and its logic is rigorous, which is the concentrated embodiment of the essence of ancient military thought. The author is Sun Wu, whose ancestral home is Le 'an, Qi in the Spring and Autumn Period, and a general of Wu.
Sun Tzu's Art of War is regarded as a classic of military strategists. It has a history of 2500 years since its birth, and it has been studied in all dynasties. Li Shimin said, "Look at the art of war, there is no Sun Wu". Sun Tzu's art of war is a strategy, and strategy is not a trick, but a great strategy and great wisdom. Today, Sun Tzu's art of war has gone global. It has also been translated into many languages and occupies an important position in the world military history. Bamboo slips of Sun Tzu's Art of War unearthed in Linyi.