Montessori (Montessori)

The theoretical basis and educational beliefs come from maria montessori. She is the first female doctor in Italian history. This Montessori doctor is a supporter of constructivism and attaches great importance to children's intellectual development. Teachers guide children to learn, provide environmental support for children, and keep children in an environment willing to learn. Children are not grouped by age, but are mixed-age activities. Montessori's secret weapon is a set of courses and teaching AIDS. Children learn by operating these teaching AIDS through their senses. The layman gets these teaching AIDS and doesn't know what they mean. Because every teaching aid, no matter its shape, size or even color, is supported by the concept behind it, and children need to be guided to learn through professionally trained teachers.

Advantages:

1) system is perfect, with both theory and a full set of courses and teaching AIDS, which conforms to the characteristics of children's cognitive development.

2) Grasp the sensitive period of children, follow the characteristics of learning in sensitive period, and get the maximum learning effect.

3) Children practice independence in "work", complete the mission of self-growth, and form independent, dedicated and patient personal qualities.

4) Emphasize mental development and cultivate children's good thinking quality.

5) Mixed-age classes provide a good environment for children's socialization. It allows younger children to have imitators of different ages, while older children can enhance their knowledge and ability by helping younger children.

Insufficient:

1) In the course of sensory education, Montessori curriculum emphasizes children's quiet play and cultivates the ability of independence and concentration, which also limits the release of children's nature and the development of social skills to some extent.

2) In terms of art education curriculum, Montessori curriculum pays more attention to the instrumental value of art than the ontological value, which is not conducive to the development of children's artistic creativity.

3) In addition, it overemphasizes authenticity, opposes children telling fairy tales, and ignores the value of imagination.

Comments: It is the education system with the longest introduction time and the highest reputation in China. However, because teachers need higher professional training requirements, the teaching effect is slightly different. Not many people understand the essence of a really good Montessori class.

Waldorf (Waldorf)

The theoretical basis and educational ideas come from rudolf steiner. He is a people-oriented holistic education that pays attention to the all-round healthy and harmonious development of body and mind. The system advocates setting the teaching content according to the development law of human consciousness and the growth stage of consciousness, so that the human body, life body, spiritual body and spiritual body can be properly developed. Every course is integrated with art, and there will be riddles, folk songs, myths, etc. to enhance imagination and multicultural learning. The main teacher will always follow the children from kindergarten to high school. Learning takes place in an environment without competition.

Advantages:

1) The Waldorf curriculum has no unified educational syllabus, but only gives a general teaching goal, emphasizing education according to children's nature. Such a course is conducive to the formation of children's good qualities such as kindness and gratitude. The educational method of being close to nature and attaching importance to the meaning of educational life has the meaning of "love" and "care", which is conducive to the development of children's body and the construction of a beautiful mind.

2) In real life, compared with other courses, Waldorf courses can survive in a harsh environment. It doesn't need too many environmental settings, so it is naturally its classroom. Opposing psychological training also lightens teachers' tasks to some extent.

Insufficient:

1) Waldorf's curriculum is somewhat "sacred". Undeniably, its beautiful educational goal is desirable, but words such as "soul", "harmony" and "life" are always a little vague in specific courses, and it is difficult to grasp them accurately.

2) The practice of denying academic training in teaching has also been questioned by many people.

Comments: Emphasize the balanced growth of physical and mental health, constantly explore life and enhance humanistic spirit, and emphasize becoming an independent and free person in the spiritual sense. Emphasis on doing it yourself and living organically.

Reggio Emilia

The main teaching theory is based on Piaget, Vygotsky and Dewey's theory, constructivism. Teachers don't prepare course outlines and teaching plans in advance, but take children as the center and prepare courses according to their interests and experiences. Courses are conducted in the form of projects, and children can express and show their learning results in any form. Don't let children live around adults. In kindergarten, teachers must try their best to reduce their involvement, not to be overly involved. "Don't hold the children's hands, let them stand up by themselves." . Emphasize "interactive relationship" and "cooperative participation". "Interaction and cooperation" is an important concept of Reggio's educational orientation, and it is also a principle implemented in the whole educational activities. "Interactive cooperation" includes the continuous cycle of communication, care and control between teachers and learners, and the process of mutual guidance in educational activities.

Advantages:

1) The free, open and respectful education mode conforms to the trend of historical development.

2) The emphasis on "interactive relationship" and "cooperative participation" in the course is conducive to mobilizing the enthusiasm of teachers, children and parents, and provides various opportunities and ways for children's development.

Insufficient:

1) Reggio has no unified educational goals. Although it is beneficial to arouse the enthusiasm of teachers and students, the specific teaching situation is easily influenced by subjective and objective factors.

2) Reggio course is mainly suitable for small class teaching and requires high quality of teachers. In practice, various conditions and the close cooperation of teachers and parents are needed.

3) There are many factors in the implementation of Reggio, which make the teaching effect uncertain.

Comments: Teachers need art training, and the school has a special art studio for teachers and students, which tends to stimulate children with art and color.

Kleinchen (Klein Chen)

Colin Qin's German-style education idea is an education with the main goal of developing children's social ability, and the important content of promoting children's social cognition, stimulating children's social emotion and cultivating children's social behavior. It advocates the training mode of "co-education at home" and thinks that integrating family education into kindergarten education is the key to promote children's social development. In kindergarten, teachers use the "SKIZ" teaching method to guide children to complete a specific activity theme together, and children learn how to get along with their peers; In the family, parents realize the socialization of their children through "high-quality companionship". In the process of interaction between kindergarten and family, children grow from an independent individual to a social person who grasps social norms, correctly handles interpersonal relationships and forms good social adaptability. The two complement each other. At any time, "sociality" is an important concept of Colin Qin's educational orientation, which runs through the whole educational activities.

Advantages:

1) respect children's nature and personality development, and realize the cultivation of social ability in the form that children are most willing to accept;

2) Teamwork is the main part different from Montessori, which fully embodies children's sociality in practice;

3) Home-school co-education is its unique feature, which realizes the good connection among children, teachers and parents and improves the development of social ability;

Disadvantages:

1) The cultivation of other abilities is relatively less;

2) The requirements for teachers and parents are relatively high, and it is difficult to achieve the expected goals without a good grasp.

Comments: More emphasis is placed on children's learning to solve contradictions and conflicts reasonably, and gradually cultivate children's sense of teamwork. Emphasize the importance of family education as a child, and parents should participate in all games.

In a word, Montessori, Waldorf, Cresin and Reggio all have greatness. For example, Montessori and Waldorf have formed an interesting symmetry to some extent: Waldorf is committed to rekindling children's already rigid imagination, while Montessori tries to weaken children's excessive fantasies and try to "normalize" them, thus achieving an appropriate balance between their real activities and imagination. Reggio emphasizes color to stimulate children's nature and creativity, while Kresinsky emphasizes the cultivation of social skills and forms good adaptability in early childhood.

In the specific educational environment, we should maintain a rational attitude, objectively evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of each educational concept, and avoid copying it. After all, every course is produced in a specific environment, and in the final analysis, it should be applied in a specific environment.