American schools set up courses according to social needs and adjust professional categories in time; Students choose their own major direction according to the changes of labor market demand. The management of vocational and technical education in the United States generally implements the hierarchical management of state and local governments and the local-based management system. At present, eight states in the United States have set up vocational and technical education committees or similar institutions, as the functional departments of the government, to co-ordinate, coordinate and plan vocational and technical education in the whole state, while vocational and technical education in other states is mostly managed by higher education committees. Teachers in American vocational and technical schools are divided into full-time and part-time, and most of them are part-time.

Britain emphasizes that vocational education should start from middle school: first, let children get in touch with vocational education earlier, and let 65,438+03-year-old students start to learn work-related courses, such as training students in common office software and cultivating related occupations according to their interests. Second, the curriculum of vocational education must be practical and targeted, in line with the company's business, so that students can quickly become competent for entry-level jobs after graduating from high school.

Short-term vocational education for high school graduates in France is very distinctive. Short-term vocational education means that students receive professional training for 2-3 years after graduating from high school, and then they can directly take part in the work. It's a bit similar to China's junior college and higher vocational education, but there are hundreds of majors. Its teaching plan and content are designed by professionals, closely linked to the needs of enterprises, and students must practice in enterprises every year, with the aim of training senior technicians for enterprises. In the past 30 years, short-term vocational education in France has been very successful. After graduation, students can continue their studies and find jobs easily.

85% of the funds for vocational education in Germany come from enterprises, and 15% is paid by the state government, which exempts students from all tuition and miscellaneous fees. In addition, when the unemployed attend the training, the government will allocate a subsidy of DM 7 ~ 12 per class hour and DM 5,000 ~ 20,000 per year.

Britain, the United States, France and other countries and their local governments have given financial and policy support to vocational education colleges involving pillar industries. ⑤