1. How many expressions are there in writing? Broadly speaking, expressive skills are the special sentence organization used by the author in writing words and expressing thoughts and feelings. When analyzing a work, we can grasp its special expression from point to surface. First, there are many rhetorical devices of words and sentences, such as metaphor, symbol, exaggeration, parallelism, antithesis, contrast, personification and allusions. When grasping its expressive techniques as a whole, we should pay attention to the works with different styles: the expressive techniques of lyric prose with different styles are rich and colorful, lyrical with scenery, expressive with objects, and the combination of cadence and symbolism. Narrative writing skills such as beginning and end coordination, finishing touch, clever use of rhetoric, proper details, combination of narration and discussion, positive and negative comparison, etc. Argumentative writing skills such as quoting classics, clever analogy, reverse seeking differences, positive and negative comparison, and analogical reasoning. Novel description, comparison, bedding and reference, suspense and interpretation, real writing and imaginary writing.

The specific methods of expression are holding objects, expressing aspirations, writing scenes, lyrical narration, expressing one's mind directly and flashback. Contrast and contrast Zhang Xianzhi symbolizes imagination, association, caring for feelings, setting off objects, beautiful scenery and sadness, rendering reality and reality, and combining positive description with direct and indirect lyricism. Graphic design is to combine different basic graphics into patterns on the plane according to certain rules. Mainly in two-dimensional space, the boundary between the map and the ground is divided into contours to describe the image.

The sense of space shown by graphic design is not a real three-dimensional space, but an illusion space formed by the visual guidance of graphics. Graphic design terminology: 1. Harmony 2. Contrast 3. Symmetry 4. Balance 5. Proportion 6. Center of gravity 7. Rhythm 8. Elements of rhythmic graphic design: point-line-plane method: gradual and repeated approximation of bone emission, specific contrast, dense texture space map and beat rhythm segmentation, and various arrangements of graphic design: 1. Direct display method.

It shows a product or theme directly and truly on the advertising page, and makes full use of the realistic expression ability of photography or painting. Deliberately depict and emphasize the texture, shape and functional use of the product, presenting the exquisite texture of the product attractively, giving people a realistic sense of reality and making consumers feel intimate and trust in the advertised products.

This technique directly pushes the product to consumers, so we should pay great attention to the combination and display angle of the product on the screen, highlight the brand of the product and the most touching part of the product, and set off the product in an infectious space with colored light and background, thus enhancing the visual impact of the advertising screen. 2. Highlighting the characteristic method uses various ways to grasp and emphasize the distinctive features of the product or theme itself and vividly display it. Put these features in the main visual parts of the advertising screen or set them off, so that the audience will be very * * * when they come into contact with the verbal screen, and they will generate attention and visual interest, thus achieving the promotion purpose of * * * purchase desire.

In advertising performance, these characteristics that should be highlighted and rendered are generally determined by the unique ability of product image, manufacturer's corporate logo and product trademark. The technique of highlighting characteristics is also a common and widely used expression technique, and it is one of the important techniques to highlight the theme of advertisements, which has significant performance value. 3. Contrast and contrast are the most prominent expressions of artistic beauty that tend to conflict.

It puts the nature and characteristics of the things depicted in the works in sharp contrast and direct contrast, so as to express and contrast, and achieve centralized, concise and tortuous performance from the differences presented by comparison. Through this method, the performance and characteristics of products are more clearly emphasized or prompted, giving consumers a profound visual experience.

As a common and effective expression, it can be said that all arts benefit from comparative expression. The application of contrast not only makes the advertising theme more expressive, but also full of interest, which expands the appeal of advertising works.

The successful application of contrast method can make the seemingly ordinary picture processing contain rich meanings and show the different levels and depths of advertising theme performance. 4. A reasonable exaggeration method obviously exaggerates a certain aspect of the quality or characteristics of the propaganda object with the help of imagination, thus deepening or expanding the understanding of these characteristics.

Writer Gorky pointed out: "Exaggeration is the basic principle of creation." Through this technique, we can emphasize or reveal the essence of things more clearly and enhance the artistic effect of works.

Exaggeration is generally the pursuit of novelty and change, exaggerating the characteristics and beauty of the object through fiction, giving people the feeling of novelty and change. According to the characteristics of its performance, exaggeration can be divided into morphological exaggeration and facial exaggeration. The former is a superficial treatment, while the latter is a hidden treatment.

Through the use of exaggeration, it injects a strong sense of color into the artistic beauty of advertising, making the product unique and outstanding. 5. Emphasize, select and condense the three-dimensional image in advertising design with a small vision, and focus on a certain point or part to describe or extend with a unique imagination, thus fully expressing the theme.

This kind of artistic treatment, which focuses on points and areas, sees the big from the small, and is incomplete as a whole, has brought great flexibility and infinite expressive force to the designer, and at the same time provided a broad imagination space for the receiver, and gained vivid interest and rich associations. Seeing the "small" in the big picture from an early age is the focus of advertising picture description and the center of visual interest. It is not only the concentration and growth of advertising creativity, but also the unique arrangement of designers. Because it is no longer "small" in the general sense, but a highly refined product of the combination of small and big, and it is a simple and deliberate pursuit. 6. Using association method in the aesthetic process can break through the boundary between time and space and expand the capacity of artistic image.

Through association, people can see themselves or their related experiences in the aesthetic object, and the aesthetic feeling is often particularly strong, which makes the aesthetic object integrate with the people who visited Microsoft in the United States and be quoted in the association process.

2. What are the writing skills? Writing skills include expression, writing methods, rhetoric and so on.

Expression is the way to reflect social life, express thoughts and feelings, and introduce things when writing articles. There are five common expressions, namely: narration (narration), discussion, lyricism, description and explanation.

Writing methods, also known as expressive techniques, refer to various specific methods and techniques used to shape images and reflect life in literary creation. Including: supporting objects to express ambition (supporting objects to express people), wanting to be promoted first, setting off (setting off), exaggerating and satirizing, borrowing scenery to express feelings, giving consideration to both before and after, comparing with others and so on. For example, the article "Praise of Poplar" praises the farmers in the north by praising the tall and straight spirit of Poplar, and adopts a symbolic writing method.

Rhetoric, also known as rhetoric method, refers to the method of modifying, processing and polishing the language used in writing to improve the effect of language expression. Including: metaphor, parallelism, personification, exaggeration, metonymy, rhetorical questions, antithesis, repetition and so on.

3. What are the types of writing techniques, including the following: 1. Expression: the way to reflect social life, express thoughts and feelings and introduce things when writing articles.

There are five common expressions, namely: narration (narration), discussion, lyricism, description and explanation. 2. Writing method: also known as expression, refers to various specific methods and techniques used to shape images and reflect life in literary creation.

Including: supporting objects to express ambition (supporting objects to express people), wanting to be promoted first, setting off (setting off), exaggerating and satirizing, borrowing scenery to express feelings, giving consideration to both before and after, comparing with others and so on. 3. Rhetoric: also known as rhetorical method, refers to the method of modifying, processing and polishing the language used in the writing process to improve the language expression effect.

Including: metaphor, parallelism, personification, exaggeration, metonymy, rhetorical questions, antithesis, repetition and so on. Extended data:

Expression refers to the writing content of the article, the writing method (expression technique) refers to the specific writing technique of literary works, and the rhetorical technique refers to the rhetorical effect of language.

Because of different angles, there are also some differences, so we should pay attention to the distinction. For example: The End of O'Henry.

Usually, short story masters often make unexpected changes to the psychological status of the characters at the end of the story, or make the protagonist's fate suddenly reverse, thus producing unexpected results, which is both unexpected and reasonable. It gives people an unexpected feeling and has to admit that he is reasonable.

Generally, it can better depict characters and enrich the content of the story. This ending art is fully reflected in O 'Henry's works.

Therefore, it is called "O 'Henry ending". Reference link: Baidu Encyclopedia-Writing Skills.

4. How many writing skills are there in junior high school (1)? Quality training, also called basic training, is a necessary condition for forming any kind of skills and skills and making them proficient. The so-called practice makes perfect China.

The speed of race walking and running is practice, so is the speed of swimming and cycling. The same is true of quick composition. Improving writing speed mainly depends on practice.

There is no secret or magic map for quick composition. As long as you pass strict training, you can get results. The problem is to have scientific training methods and steps. Every time I take over a class, I train in strict accordance with the following five steps.

(1) quality training, also known as basic training. The center of fast composition training is "fast". This kind of training is to seek "fast" and "good" on the basis that students have a certain writing foundation and mastered certain writing skills. If the writing quality is too poor, you can't train quickly. So every time I take over a class, the first step is to carry out basic training.

Through basic training, the following objectives are required: 1. Improve writing interest and cultivate writing ability. Emotional psychology tells us that interest is the driving force to acquire knowledge, form skills and develop intelligence. Therefore, any form of teaching must strictly follow the principle of fun.

Only when students have a strong interest in writing can the rapid training of writing be effective. Psychology also tells us that interest is related to current needs. Therefore, although there are various ways to improve students' interest in writing, one of the most important ones is to quickly educate students about the purpose of writing. If students soon realize the necessity of writing, they will have a strong interest in writing.

In addition, writing questions should keep up with the situation, keep pace with the times, conform to students' real life and be as novel as possible, which can stimulate students' interest in writing and give them something to write. 2. The accumulation of writing materials should run through the whole rapid composition training, but it should be emphasized in the basic training stage.

A clever woman can't cook without rice. No matter how good a writer is, he can't finish writing without writing materials. Therefore, students must be required to memorize by topic; Some typical materials, such as patriotism, party leadership, respect for knowledge, reform and opening up, building a clean government, learning from Lei Feng, etc. Every aspect should be remembered.

The accumulation of materials, the teacher can only do guidance, let students find their own, not the whole class unified, the whole class unified, writing arguments will be the same. The accumulated materials should pay attention to three points: one is typical, the other is accurate, and the third is memory.

Use your brain to remember, not just your notebook. The richer the material, the faster the writing speed.

3. Enrich the writing language If students have poor language, they can't find suitable sentences to express their meaning when writing, and they often scribble, so they can't improve their writing speed. If you don't have a rich vocabulary, you can't write a word in the middle of writing or there are no suitable words to express your meaning, then your writing will get stuck, and of course you won't be able to write quickly.

Therefore, the training of writing language and the accumulation of vocabulary are very important. One of the ways to enrich writing language is to recite and strengthen extracurricular reading. The more books you read and learn by heart, the smoother your composition will be, the more literary your language will be, and you won't always talk.

Then it is to guide students to learn the lively language of the masses and overcome their accents. In addition, students should be guided to accumulate vocabulary, and writing can be handy and fast if vocabulary is rich.

4. Training writing ability Writing ability directly affects writing speed. Therefore, in order to implement fast composition teaching, we must strengthen the training of writing ability.

Writing is not a calligraphy competition, and you don't need iron painting and silver hooks, but you can't dance with dragons and phoenixes. We require students to develop good writing habits and write clearly, regularly and neatly. The specific way is mainly to face the motorcycle copybook. Each student should have two copybooks, a block letter and a running script. Practice block letters first, then learn running script, and face motorcycles day after day. Perseverance will definitely get good results.

In short, through quality training, students should want to write, love to write, have something to write and write fluently. (2) Thinking Training The key to fast composition is fast thinking training.

Thinking is the human brain's understanding of the essential characteristics and regularity of objective things. Fast thinking requires students to have universality, independence, agility and creativity in the whole thinking process of analysis, synthesis, comparison, abstraction, generalization and concretization.

As soon as you see the composition question, you can react immediately. It is required that the whole process from the examination of questions, conception, planning of articles and typesetting should not exceed five minutes. Grasping fast composition thinking training mainly starts from three aspects: 1. Establishing correct world outlook thinking is the generalization and indirect reflection of objective things by human brain.

To correctly reflect the objective world, we must first have a correct world outlook. Therefore, students should be organized to study Marxism-Leninism and * * * thought, master the basic principles of dialectical materialism and historical materialism, and understand the current party's principles and policies.

Correct political views and thinking views are the directors and indicators of quick thinking. Therefore, we must educate students to care about national affairs, set up lofty ideals, strengthen political cultivation and improve political consciousness.

2. Strengthening the training of abstract thinking The conception process of argumentative writing is actually the process of abstract thinking. Therefore, students must be taught basic logical methods such as analysis, generalization, synthesis and judgment, as well as thinking methods such as longitudinal thinking, reverse thinking, reverse thinking and radiation thinking. There are many ways to train abstract thinking, and I think the most effective way is to organize students to discuss and debate.

Classroom discussion allows students and teachers to sing "anti-Taiwan drama" and encourages students to debate after class. When students blush, they are the most active and agile. 3. The training of thinking in images and the writing of narratives are inseparable from thinking in images such as imagination, association and fantasy.

It is impossible to ask students to write a narrative in a short time without solid training in image thinking. One of the ways to train thinking in images is to guide students to observe the basic images of things, keep them in mind, and organize students to visit and visit.

When writing memoirs, we should pay attention to the fact that the writing process of memoirs is actually a process of training thinking in images. In short, through this step of training, students' thinking should be developed.

5. How many writing techniques, rhetorical techniques and expressive techniques are there in Chinese? Narrative (including prose) should be analyzed from the following aspects: ① From the perspective of expression: whether various expressions are freely used and flexible; The choice of narrator, the advantages of first person and second person; The arrangement of narrative order, the application and function of flashback skills; The characteristics of description (simple, delicate and vivid), the functions of psychological description, detail description and scenery description.

(2) From the perspective of material selection and tailoring, whether the relationship between material and center is properly handled and whether the primary and secondary details are appropriate; Whether the materials are typical, authentic, novel and powerful. (3) From the perspective of expression techniques: whether to use symbols, contrast, foil, suppression before promotion, expression of things, lyricism through scenery, etc.

(4) From the structural arrangement: both the beginning and the end have their own characteristics; Compact structure and complete symmetry; Lift the ground and take care of it; Set suspense, create waves, connect and merge, and have twists and turns. ⑤ From the perspective of language use: whether the language is accurate, concise, vivid and vivid; What is the unique language style (humorous, spicy, plain, natural, concise and lively, subtle and deep, etc.)? ); What unique rhetorical devices are used (metaphor, personification, parallelism, exaggeration, synaesthesia, etc.). ).

The novel should also consider whether the characterization is full and typical, and whether the plot arrangement is reasonable, rigorous and changeable. Argumentative essays are mainly considered from the methods of argumentation, especially metaphorical argumentation, analogical argumentation and extended argumentation and their functions.

Explanatory text mainly depends on whether it highlights the characteristics and functions of things and whether the order is appropriate. Expression is the way to reflect social life, express thoughts and feelings, and introduce things when writing articles.

There are five common expressions, namely: narration (narration), discussion, lyricism, description and explanation. Narrative is mainly narrative and description, including explanation, lyricism and discussion; Explanatory text is mainly explanation, but also narrative, discussion and even description; Argumentative writing focuses on discussion, supplemented by narration, explanation or lyricism.

Writing methods, also known as expressive techniques, refer to various specific methods and techniques used to shape images and reflect life in literary creation. Including: contrast, symbolism, supporting objects to express meaning (supporting objects to express meaning), first restraining and then promoting, setting off (setting off), exaggerating and satirizing, using scenery to express feelings, and taking care of before and after.

Distinguish several different ways of expression, such as narration, explanation, discussion, description and lyric, and analyze their expressive functions: four narrative ways of narrative text: sequential narrative, flashback, interpolation and flat narrative (sub-narrative). Narrative description is divided into character description and environmental description.

Indirect lyrical ways of narration: feelings of scenery, things and reason. Character description, environment description and detail description should grasp the characteristics of things.

"Eye painting" is an image saying, which means that people should write people's minds, things should write the essence of events, and scenery should write people's feelings and personality of scenery. Description should be vivid, which is determined by the characteristics of description, and it is also the place where description is different from narration.

The so-called vivid image is nothing more than reappearing the object of description in front of readers in a tangible, vivid and colorful way, so that readers can see this person, feel at home and hear this voice. In addition, the method of description should be determined according to the characteristics of the object, and description often has certain emotions, such as simple drawing and fine drawing.

Comment: Opinions expressed on the nature, right and wrong, value, characteristics and functions of people and things. Narrative argument is the "finishing touch".

The "finishing touch" function of narrative discussion has the following three aspects: (1) explaining the meaning of things; (2) expressing the author's point of view; (3) Reveal the theme of the article: express the author's strong subjective feelings such as love and hate, likes and dislikes, joys and sorrows, music lovers and so on. There are direct lyric and indirect lyric.

It is necessary to master the functions and effects of using eight commonly used rhetorical devices. Metaphor: used for narration, explanation and description, it can make things vivid, vivid and concrete, and give people a vivid impression; When it is used in argumentative writing, it can concretize abstract truth and make abstruse truth easy to understand.

Using metaphor can turn plain into vivid, abstruse into simple and abstract into concrete. Analogy: It can make readers have a vivid impression, strong feelings and resonance on the things expressed.

Using analogy can make people or things colorful and vivid. Metonymy: it can highlight the image and make it concrete and vivid.

Metonymy can express concrete images. Exaggeration: it can arouse rich imagination, better highlight the characteristics of things and arouse strong resonance among readers.

Exaggeration should be reasonable, its function is to set off the atmosphere, enhance association, inspire people and enhance the expression effect. Duality: formally, syllables are neat and symmetrical, with strong sense of rhythm and beautiful rhythm; The content is concise and concentrated, with strong generality.

Use duality, neat sentences, concise expression and lyricism. Parallelism: it can enhance the momentum of language.

Accustomed to reasoning, can explain the truth more closely and thoroughly; Used to express feelings, can express feelings to the fullest. Its function is to strengthen tone, content and emotion.

Question: The overall function is to make readers think. Used in the title, it can attract readers, inspire readers to think and better reflect the center of the article; Used at the beginning or end of a paragraph, it can not only arouse thinking, but also play a transitional role in connecting the preceding with the following; When used in argumentative writing, the argument can be deepened and the context is clear.

Answer the question "Understanding the expression skills used by the author in the text and their effects (functions)" by combining the original information with the knowledge of Chinese. The answer points include three aspects: 1. What method was used?

Identify what kind of rhetoric or expression is used in this sentence. 2. What was expressed?

Analyze the meaning of this rhetoric or expression in a sentence, and make clear the general expression effect of this rhetoric or expression. 3. What is the effect or function?

We should make clear the general expression effect of this rhetoric or expression and explain it with specific sentences. For the question of "understanding the meaning of the author's important sentences in the text", use the original text or integrate the original sentences to answer.

(1) The principle of expressing the answer: 1, be faithful to the topic. The stem of a question contains the requirements of the question and some information about the answer, and the scope, angle and way of expression are often implied in the stem of the question.

Examining the topic stalk is the premise of reading well. 2. Be faithful to the original.

"The answer to the modern reading question is in the original text. Don't just think. " This has taught us a basic principle of doing modern reading problems.

6. How many writing techniques are there: 1, first-person narrative 2, third-person narrative?

3, chronological method 4, flashback method 5, interpolation method

6. supplementary narrative method 7. Separate narrative method 8. Detailed narrative method

9. Brief narrative method 10, direct lyric method

1 1, indirect lyric 12, narrative first and then discussion 13, discussion first and then narration.

14, narrative discussion method 15, taking things as clues 16, taking people as clues.

17, with ideological changes as the clue, 18, with central events as the clue.

19, sketch method 20, rotation method 2 1, bamboo shooting method 22, personification method 23, transformation method

24. explanation 25. Use the "five senses" 26. Borrowing things to express feelings 27. Hold something to express your wishes. Self-describing things 29. Look at the close view 30 from a distance. Internal and external combination 3 1. Change steps and shapes. Explain and introduce.

33. Environmental setting-off method 34, colored pen drawing method 35, far-near combination method 36, time series transformation method.