Rousseau opposed the suppression of children's personality, the restriction of children's freedom, forced indoctrination, severe discipline and corporal punishment, and the authoritative practices and high-handed means of adults.

The negative education here is not to completely ignore children. Adults need to do two things to observe children in free activities and understand their characteristics. Be alert to the bad influence of the outside world on students.

Rousseau opposes educating children in a reasonable way, opposing strict discipline and punishment of students, and advocates letting children know their mistakes and learn from them through their own experience of the adverse consequences of mistakes.

Rousseau's main works:

1762, Rousseau published the world-famous Emile, which profoundly expressed Rousseau's bourgeois education thought and comprehensively expounded his naturalistic education theory.

He demands that education should follow the natural nature, that is, children should take the initiative in their own education and growth, while teachers only need to create a learning environment to prevent adverse effects, so it is often called "negative education".

The goal and fundamental principle of innovative education is to "return to nature and conform to nature".

"Emile" begins: "Everything that comes from the creator's hand is good, but once it reaches people's hands, it will go bad." Criticize traditional educational ideas and put forward new educational ideas.

Respect students' nature and adhere to the belief that human nature is good. The whole book Emile conveys Rousseau's naturalism, a brand-new educational thought.