1 162 In May, Song Gaozong, without a prince, made Zhao Wei, a descendant of Zhao Kuangyin, a great ancestor, a prince, and changed his name to shèn n. In June, Emperor Gaozong announced his abdication to become the emperor's father. Prince Zhao Wei acceded to the throne. This is Song Xiaozong.

After Song Xiaozong acceded to the throne, he also wanted to rectify the Chaogang, fight against the nomads from the army and recover the territory of Dasong, so there was a good situation for a time. Shortly after he acceded to the throne, he sent a letter to the ministers asking them to give advice on state affairs. Zhu, who used to be the main book of Tongan, Quanzhou (now northeast of Xiamen, Fujian), immediately started writing. In the paper, he pointed out that if you don't fight the Jin people, you can't take revenge, you can't defend your country, and you can't ensure victory. Some people even suggested that peace talks were harmful. He also advised Xiaozong to be sincere, learn more knowledge and manage the country well.

Zhu was a famous philosopher and educator in the Southern Song Dynasty. He was born in Wuyuan, Huizhou (now Jiangxi) and was a scholar in 1 148 (the eighteenth year of Shaoxing). Zhu was very clever since he was a child. At the age when he just learned to speak, one day, his father Zhu let go and pointed to the sky to teach him: Heaven. Zhu looked up at the sky, blinked and asked his father, what is that in the sky? Zhu Song was overjoyed and taught him to read. Zhu studied very hard and was familiar with classics and history. He was praised by the teacher and called him a rare genius.

In A.D. 1 163, Zhu was awarded the position of a military doctor by the imperial court, and he worked in Lin 'an two years later. However, at that time, it was defeated in R&F (now in the northeast of Suzhou, Jiangsu), and Song and Jin signed the Longxing Peace Association; Relying on Zhang Jun, the minister who attacked the Golden Great Wall, he also died of illness, and the Korean pacifists gained the upper hand again. Zhu, who advocated anti-gold, could not stand such an environment and soon resigned and went home. Ten years later, at the age of forty-nine, he went to Nankangjun (now Xing Zi, Jiangxi) to take charge of government affairs.

During his tenure, Zhu restored the Bailudong Academy under the Five Old Peaks of Lushan Mountain and gave lectures to students in person. At that time, his theory was in its maturity and had a great influence, so it attracted scholars from all over the world to study in Bailudong Academy. Bailudong Academy was once famous, and it became the four major academies in the Song Dynasty, along with Shigu, Yingtian and Yuelu.

Zhu's greatest academic achievement is to develop the theories of Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi, the Northern Song Neo-Confucianists, and to establish a complete Neo-Confucianism system.

Confucianism has become the mainstream of China's ancient ideology and culture since Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty promoted the ousting of hundreds of schools and the exclusive respect for Confucianism. In order to meet the needs of feudal rule in different periods, the theories advocated by Confucianism are different. Confucianism in the Song Dynasty focused on explaining the morality of heaven, so it was called Neo-Confucianism and respected learning. It is Neo-Confucianism, the largest school and ideological system in the history of Confucianism.

Neo-Confucianism was initiated by Zhou Dunyi, a philosopher in the early Northern Song Dynasty, and its founders were Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi. Both brothers are students of Zhou Dunyi, and they are called Cheng Er by the world. They gave lectures in Luoyang for a long time and established an idealistic neo-Confucianism system with justice as the core. They regard reason as the highest category, advocate that there is only one reason in the world, and think that heaven is an independent spiritual entity, which produces and dominates everything. Those who follow it are prosperous, but those who go against it are difficult; They also put forward the famous principle of Neo-Confucianism, that is, to preserve justice and destroy human desires. At that time, someone asked: If the widow's family is poor, can she remarry? They replied: hunger is small and shame is great.

Zhu is a disciple of the four families of Cheng. He inherited and developed Cheng's theory, and their theory was called Cheng Zhu's Neo-Confucianism by the world. Zhu inherited and developed Cheng's theory of regulating qi, and advocated that regulating qi depends on each other but cannot be separated, and there is a division between heaven and earth. Principle is the basis of biology, and qi is the form of biology. But reason comes first, anger comes last, anger comes last, and anger comes last. Everything is popular. This is the philosophical ontology of Zhu Neo-Confucianism.

Zhu's Neo-Confucianism also has dialectical thoughts. He put forward that everything is opposite to complement each other, and everything in the world is divided into two, and there is a corresponding or opposite side. These corresponding and opposing aspects are mutually transformed and interrelated. Zhu also inherited Cheng's proposition, insisted on the opposition between justice and human desire, advocated maintaining justice and eliminating human desire, and put human self-improvement in the most important position.

In 1 190, he ascended the throne, and Zhu was made the magistrate of Zhangzhou (now Fujian). Three years later, he was transferred to Tanzhou (now Changsha, Hunan) as the magistrate. In Tanzhou, he rebuilt Yuelu Academy, one of the four major academies, attracting many students to study. 1 195, acceded to the throne, and Zhu was recommended by Prime Minister Zhao Ruyu as an assistant lecturer at Huanzhangge. However, Zhao Ruyu is a descendant of Zhao Kuangyi, Emperor Taizong, and Ning Zong is a descendant of Emperor Taizong, so she quickly aroused the suspicion of Ning Zong and was demoted as the magistrate of Fuzhou. Zhu and others have also been implicated. Not only was he dismissed from office, but even his Neo-Confucianism was classified as a pseudo-school, and his students were called pseudo-parties. This is the forbidden celebration of Qingyuan in history.

In 1200, Zhu died of illness at the age of 7/kloc-0. After his death, the ban was gradually relaxed and his theory was gradually taken seriously. In the Yuan Dynasty, his Notes on Four Books will be adopted in the imperial examination. But in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, his theory was promoted to the authentic position of Confucianism and became the ruling thought of China in the late feudal society. During the Edo period, Zhu's theory was also very popular in Japan, which shows that the influence of his theory is enormous and far-reaching.

Zhu's important works include Notes on Four Books, Biography of Poems, Notes on Songs of the South, Yi, Mirror Flower Garden and so on. There are Zhuzi schools and Zhuzi's complete works in later generations.