Zheng Zhenduo, a native of Changle, Fujian, was born in Yongjia, Zhejiang (now Wenzhou) on February 1898 19. 19 17 summer, with the help of relatives and friends, I went to Beijing to study railway management school. After school, I read a lot of western sociology works and Russian critical realism literature works, and I was enlightened in thought and literature. Soon met Qu Qiubai, Geng Jizhi, Xu Dishan and others; When the May 4th Movement broke out, they became student representatives of their schools and actively participated in the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal movements. 191911.Together, they founded New Society magazine and advocated social transformation. 19 19 12, New China published his translation of Lenin's Russian Political Party. /kloc-in the summer of 0/920, he and Geng Jizhi jointly translated the lyrics of The Internationale.
10, Zheng Zhenduo, Ye and others initiated the establishment of the Literature Research Association. 192 1 spring, I went to work in Shanghai after graduation. Soon, he served as the editor of Deng Xue (Shanghai News Supplement) and was introduced by Shen Yanbing to work in the Compilation Institute of the Commercial Press. On May 10 of the same year, Literature Newsletter, the organ newspaper of the Literature Research Association edited by him, was founded, which was an influential publication in the early New Literature Movement. At the same time, he began to edit and publish literary research series, and also participated in the publication of plays and poems. From 1922 to 65438+ 10, he edited Children's World Weekly, the first children's literature publication in China, and wrote many works, which played a pioneering role in the cause of modern children's literature in China. 1923 65438+ 10 month, replacing Shen Yanbing as editor-in-chief of Novel Monthly. During this period, he published a large number of literary comments in the Journal of Literature Xun and the Monthly Novel, and fought resolutely against the old feudal literature, criticizing the view of some people in the new literary camp that "art is for art's sake" and became an important theoretical critic of the literary research society, which was as famous as Shen Yanbing at that time.
1925 After the May 30th tragedy, Zheng Zhenduo, Ye and Li founded the Axiom Daily to expose and attack imperialist atrocities. In the same year, he participated in the launching of "China Relief Society" and signed the Declaration on the Protection of Human Rights with Guo Moruo, Shen Yanbing and Hu Yuzhi. During this period, his main academic works include A Brief History of Russian Literature, A Biography of Thai Gore, and Literature Outline. A Brief History of Russian Literature (1924) is the first monograph in this field in China, which has played a positive role in introducing Russian literature (including Soviet literature). There is a special chapter in the book that introduces and comments on the literary theories of belinsky, Chernyshevski and Lyubov of Dobro, and gives high praise to Gorky's creation and his literary thoughts, which is especially rare at that time. The Biography of Tagore (1925) is the first monograph in China to introduce and comment on the famous Indian poet Tagore. The 800,000-word Literature Outline (1927) integrates the history of Chinese and foreign literature and its representative works in one volume, which broadens the horizons of literary workers and has great influence on introducing the history of world literature and strengthening the exchange and comparative study of Chinese and foreign literature.
1927 February, Zheng Zhenduo, Ye and others initiated the establishment of the "Shanghai Writers Association" and actively participated in the revolutionary activities of Shanghai workers before and after the third armed uprising. After the "April 12th" coup, He and others wrote to the Kuomintang authorities, strongly protesting against the massacre of revolutionary masses, and were arrested for taking the risk. In May, he took a boat to Europe to take refuge and study. In the libraries of France, Britain and other countries, I read books about China's ancient novels, operas and essays, studied Greek and Roman literature, and translated Introduction to Folklore (later destroyed by Japanese artillery fire), Introduction to Folklore (1934) and History of Ancient City Tombs Excavation in Recent Hundred Years (1930). 1928 10, returned to Shanghai.
After returning to China, Zheng Zhenduo participated in the launching of the Chinese Writers Association and served as the executive committee member. 193 1 autumn, went to Beiping as a professor of Chinese Department of yenching university and Tsinghua University. 1932, his illustrated history of China literature was published. This book is illustrated with pictures and texts, rich in historical materials and broad in vision, which fully affirms the position of folk literature in the history of literature. 1934 published essays such as Essays on China Literature and Rickets, and a collection of novels praising the realistic revolutionary struggle against Greek mythology, The Light Catcher. During this period, he also participated in editing famous large-scale literary publications, such as Literature and Literary Quarterly.
1in the spring of 935, Zheng Zhenduo went to Shanghai to be the dean of the College of Arts and the head of the Chinese Department of Jinan University. Since then, he has edited the large-scale literature series Universal Library, organized many famous writers, translators and scholars, systematically introduced Chinese and foreign classical literature masterpieces, and made a grand plan. Although the original plan could not be fully realized due to the limited conditions at that time, it was still an important achievement of cultural publishing in the 1930s. Before and after this, he participated in the compilation of China New Literature Series, cooperated with Lu Xun in compiling Beiping Annotation Spectrum and Shizhuzhai Annotation Spectrum, and assisted Lu Xun in compiling and publishing Qu Qiubai's posthumous work "The Forest at Sea". At the end of 1935, he participated in the "Shanghai Cultural Salvation Association". 1June, 936, "China Writers and Artists Association" was established, and Zheng Zhenduo was elected as its director. During this period, he also wrote literary prose Collection of Short Swords (1936) and historical novel Guigongtang (1937).
After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Zheng Zhenduo participated in the launching of "Shanghai Cultural Salvation Society" and the founding of Wang Jiu Daily. Before and after the fall of Shanghai, he saved a large number of precious ancient documents for the country, edited and photocopied the Catalogue of China Printmaking History, Xuanlantang Series and Ming Dynasty Historical Materials Series. His History of Popular Literature in China was published in 1938, which represented the highest level of domestic research in this field at that time. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the head of the Shanghai Branch of the Ren Zhonghua National Association of Literary and Art Circles Against the Enemy participated in the organization of the China Association for the Promotion of Democracy. He is the editor-in-chief of Democracy Weekly. Together with Li Jianwu, he edited Renaissance Monthly, calling on writers to write for the people and democracy, and also compiled China Historical Reference Atlas and China Ancient Paintings Collected Abroad.
1February, 949, Zheng Zhenduo bypassed Hongkong and entered the Liberated Area. In July, he attended the first congress of all-China writers and artists and was elected as a member of the Standing Committee of China Federation of Literary and Art Circles and Chinese Writers Association (later renamed Writers Association). After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), he served as director of the Cultural Relics Bureau, director of the Archaeological Institute, director of the Literature Institute, academician of the China Academy of Sciences, vice minister of culture, vice chairman of the China Folk Literature and Art Research Association, and director of the China Quyi Workers Association. Editor-in-chief: Catalogue of Great Art Traditions (1952), A Brief History of China Ancient Prints (1985), etc. Editor-in-chief of Ancient Drama Series and China Ancient Printmaking Series. From 65438 to 0957, he edited and published three volumes of China Literature Studies, which basically covered all the fields and special topics of China literature studies he had involved before the founding of the People's Republic of China, and reflected his achievements in these fields. 1958 10 08 10 18, he was killed in a plane crash while leading a cultural delegation from China to visit abroad.
Zheng Zhenduo has made many outstanding contributions to China's cultural and academic career. In terms of literary theory, he was one of the important advocates of "for life" literature in the early days of literary revolution. 192 1 in June, he further put forward the slogan of "blood and tears literature" and asked progressive writers to create "blood and tears red works" (our miscellaneous notes). Since then, he has adhered to the revolutionary realism literary theory all his life, emphasized the role of literature in social reform and advocated that literature should serve the people. In terms of literary research, he advocated and engaged in the comprehensive comparative study of ancient and modern literature at home and abroad in the early 1920s, and put forward and began to sort out and study the history of China literature with new viewpoints and methods, especially paying attention to the collection and research of folk literature, novels and operas, and did a lot of pioneering work.