Influenced by Kant's dualism, Cai Yuanpei divided the world into two parts: the phenomenon world and the entity world. Starting from this world view, he divided education into two parts. Part of it belongs to the phenomenon world, including military and national education, utilitarian education and civic moral education. Part of it belongs to the physical world, including world outlook education and aesthetic education. On this basis, he proposed that the purpose of general education should be to "cultivate a sound personality" and put forward the educational policy of "five educations simultaneously". ?

Cai Yuanpei

(1) Army national education Army national education is sports. On the one hand, the situation at that time required such education in the system of strengthening the national army; On the other hand, sports is a necessary condition to cultivate a complete personality, and it is advocated that a complete personality should be based on sports.

(2) utilitarian education. Pragmatic education is intellectual education. Materialist education is mainly to give people all kinds of common cultural and scientific knowledge, so as to develop industrial knowledge and skills and certain vocational training. The purpose of industrialism education is to improve people's wealth and strengthen the country's financial resources, so as to be invincible in the world competition.

(3) Civic moral education Civic moral education is moral education. Cai Yuanpei believes that although military sports and materialist education are the ways to "make the soldiers rich and strong", they are not enough, and civic moral education is also necessary. Civic moral education is actually a bourgeois moral concept that advocates freedom, equality and fraternity.

(4) World outlook education World outlook education belongs to the physical world and is "super-curious and political". He believes that the main task of world outlook education is to cultivate people's thoughts beyond secular life and reach the highest spiritual realm of the material world. Cai Yuanpei initiated world outlook education in the history of modern education in China, and believed that world outlook education was the ultimate goal of education. He advocated world outlook education and guided people to pursue truth and a valuable life.

(5) Aesthetic education Aesthetic education is also called aesthetic education. Cai Yuanpei attaches great importance to aesthetic education, and thinks that aesthetic education is a bridge to guide people to transition from the phenomenal world to the physical world. He pointed out that many courses of aesthetic education, such as music, art, games and handicrafts, belong to aesthetic education, while other courses, such as literature, mathematics, physics and chemistry, also have aesthetic education factors. ?

Cai Yuanpei emphasizes that the purpose of general education is to cultivate a sound personality, so he advocates five educations, which are equally important and cannot be relaxed. His educational policy of all-round development of morality, intelligence, physique and beauty met the historical requirements at that time, and it was a denial of the semi-colonial and semi-feudal educational purpose of China. Moreover, these aspects of education also conform to the educational law of people's all-round development, which has important enlightenment and reference significance for future generations.