First, English teachers.
1984, Ma Yun, the third college entrance examination, worked as a secretary and porter after the first two failures, worked in a magazine for three rounds, went to work during the day and studied at night, and finally reluctantly entered the English Department of Hangzhou Normal University. After graduation, I joined Hangzhou Dianzi University as an English teacher. Although it was a bumpy experience, Ma Yun's English level at that time was a coincidence, which helped him start a business.
Second, translation institutions.
From 65438 to 0994, Ma Yun founded the first organization: Haibo translation agency. The first month's income was in 700 yuan, and the rent was 2000 yuan. Ma Yun went to Yiwu with sacks on his back to support translation agency. Two years later, he organized the first English corner in Hangzhou. Ma Yun told China Entrepreneur: "I thought translation would be in demand and should be successful."
Third, China Yellow Pages.
1995, Ma Yun, known as "the best English in Hangzhou", was entrusted by the Zhejiang Provincial Communications Department to collect debts in the United States and came into contact with the Internet by chance in Seattle. He decided that the Internet was the future direction, but found that China's websites could not be searched. After returning to China, Ma Yun and his wife and friends raised 20,000 RMB to set up Haibo.com.. These three employees are Ma Yun, Ma Yun's wife and He. And launched the China Yellow Pages project, the mode of which is to provide online information release and homepage for China enterprises. At that time, the charging standard was a homepage with 3,000 words and a photo, and the charge was 20,000 yuan.
In China at that time, Ma Yun, who promoted China Yellow Pages, was regarded as a "liar" by many people. At the end of 1997, China Yellow Pages made a profit. However, after the cooperation with Hangzhou Telecom, the two sides had differences, which made Ma Yun decide to give up the website.
4. General Manager of China Electronic Commerce Center of MOFTEC.
1At the end of 1997, Ma Yun and his team were invited as the general manager of China Electronic Commerce Center of MOFTEC, responsible for developing the online trading market of its products in official website and China. Beginning to contact foreign trade and economic cooperation, Ma Yun's idea of doing B2B websites began to mature.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) Alibaba
1In February, 999, after Ma Yun resigned from public office, he founded another startup company, Alibaba. It was founded by Ma Yun's wife, colleagues, students, friends and so on 18, who was later called "Eighteen Arhats". 1999 April 15, Alibaba.com started. Cai Chongxin, who later played a very important role, joined in the same year. At first, Alibaba's financing was not smooth. 1October 29th, 1999, 10, led by Goldman Sachs, with Alibaba financing 5 million US dollars. In 2000 10, Sun Zhengyi invested $20 million in Alibaba.
Sixth, Forbes
On July 10, 2000, the global edition of Forbes reported Jack Ma, the founder of Alibaba. Ma Yun is the first China entrepreneur to win this honor in 50 years. This "B2B of Shrimp" cover article made Alibaba go to the world and began to attract the attention of the media all over the world.
Seven, Taobao
In May 2003, Alibaba launched Taobao, a personal e-commerce website. In order to compete with Ebay, which was already quite powerful at that time, Taobao adopted a completely free model, and Alibaba invested huge sums of money every year. But Taobao has developed rapidly and is now the most powerful online shopping platform in China.
Eight, Yahoo
Alibaba's B2B business is not as smooth as expected. In order to cope with the financial pressure, Ma Yun had to consider selling some equity financing. On August 1 1, 2005, Alibaba and Yahoo announced the signing of a cooperation agreement in Beijing. Yahoo exchanged all the assets of Yahoo China and $6,543.8 billion for a 40% stake in Alibaba. "Alibaba's Acquisition of Yahoo China" made Ma Yun a man of the hour again. But it turns out that this kind of capital operation not only brings cash, but also troubles. Yahoo China completely withdrew from the ranks of China's first-line portals. After Yahoo owns Alibaba's equity, the ownership of the company's control rights, Alipay's foreign shareholding and other issues have made Ali pay the price.
Nine, Wei Zhe
20061October 20th, 165438+ Alibaba announced that Wei Zhe, the former president of B&Q area, had officially joined Alibaba as the senior vice president of the group and the president of enterprise electronic commerce (B2B). 20 1 1 At the beginning of the year, a "fraud gate" broke out in Ali, and complaints about websites containing fraudulent information kept rising. Ma Yun purified the atmosphere and Wei Zhe resigned.
X. Ali went public
On June 6, 2007,165438+1October 6, 2007, Alibaba, which underwent structural adjustment and split its B2B business, was successfully listed as a B2B company in Hong Kong. With financing of $65.438+69 billion, it once became the Internet company with the highest market value in China. At the time of listing, Ma Yun once boasted Haikou: "If you miss Google, you can't miss Ali". On the first day of listing, Alibaba set a number of records with an amazing performance of HK$ 30, which was 1.22% higher than the issue price. But in the following years, Ali's share price continued to fall below the issue price, and Ma Yun, who promised not to sell shares, also cashed out many times.
XI。 The rise of Taobao and Tmall
"Alibaba Group's only profitable business now is Alibaba," an IT reporter described Ali in 2008. In 2008, Ma Yun invested an additional 2 billion yuan in Taobao, and Taobao lived up to expectations. In the cold winter of 2008 in China, the transaction volume of Taobao was close to 1 100 billion yuan, up by 1 3 1% year-on-year. In the following years, the rapid development of Taobao became the monopoly platform of C2C e-commerce in China. At the same time, with the help of the high traffic brought by Taobao, Alibaba's B2C platform Taobao Mall was established in 2008, which developed rapidly and attracted a large number of companies. In 20 12, it was renamed as Tmall Mall, and by the end of the year, it has occupied half of online shopping in China BC2.
Twelve. struggle
From 20 10, the contradiction between Yahoo and Ali surfaced day by day. 20 10 September, Alibaba wanted to buy back the shares held by Yahoo, but Yahoo did not agree. Carol was the CEO at the time. Bartz has a tough style. At the same time, Yahoo's board of directors in Alibaba has increased, and its voting rights have increased to 39%, while the voting rights of Ma Yun and other management have decreased to 365,438+0.7%.
Thirteen. The dispute between AliPay and VIE
"I made a difficult decision, which was not perfect, but it was correct," Ma Yun said of Alipay. As a valuable financial asset of Alibaba, Alipay, an online payment channel, accounts for half of the online payment market share in China. In order to obtain the payment license of China Bank, Ma Yun divested Alipay assets from Alibaba Group (Softbank and Yahoo own Ali shares, which violates the relevant regulations of China).
This move caused strong opposition from Yahoo and Softbank. Sun Zhengyi insists that the structure controlled by VIE agreement is enough for Alipay to bypass the supervision of China government and obtain a license. At the same time, Ma Yun's practice also made the international capital market question the "VIE" structure used by China Internet companies for a long time, and the share price of China Stock Exchange plummeted.
Fourteen, Taobao small sellers make trouble
201111/broke out, and "protests by small and medium-sized sellers in Taobao Mall" broke out: thousands of small and medium-sized sellers were dissatisfied with the increase in the annual technical fees and deposit amount of Taobao Mall, and attacked the big sellers in the mall by means of malicious auction and crazy click on the through train, demanding that Taobao respect the interests of small businesses. Alibaba Group held a press conference at its headquarters in Hangzhou. Ma personally apologized, made concessions to small and medium sellers, postponed the new regulations, and promised to invest an additional 654.38 billion yuan to launch five support measures.
Fifteen. Privatize Alibaba B2B
20 12 February, Alibaba group made a privatization offer to the board of directors of Alibaba listed in Hong Kong. At that time, Alibaba Group and its concerted parties held 73.5% of the shares of this listed company. In order to acquire the remaining shares at a premium of 60%, Alibaba Group spent about HK$ 654.38+0.9 billion.
Sixteen. Take back Yahoo's equity.
After complicated capital operation, Alibaba successfully signed an agreement with Yahoo to buy back 20% shares held by Yahoo at a price of 765,438+0 billion US dollars. The announcement given by Alibaba Group shows that Alibaba Group repurchased half of the 39% shares held by Yahoo. China Development Bank, China Investment Corporation and 20-30 financial PE institutions provide financing for Ali's share repurchase. Yahoo will continue to hold a 20% stake in Alibaba. If Alibaba is re-listed on 20 15, it has the right to buy back Yahoo's remaining Alibaba shares at the IPO price, or allow Yahoo to sell its shares at the IPO.
In order to get back his equity, Ma Yun experienced ups and downs in the capital market. In the past two years, there have been many rumors that Ali will take back his equity and even buy the whole Yahoo. The financing demand of Alibaba Group in 20 12 years is 8.7 billion dollars. Ma Yun regained control of the company.
XVII. The business group is adjusted to no longer serve as CEO.
On 20 13 65438+ 10/0, Ali announced the adjustment of business structure and organization, and adjusted seven business groups into 25 business divisions. The business development of specific business divisions will be the responsibility of the presidents (general managers) of each business division. Ma Yun said in an email: "This is the most difficult organizational and cultural change in Ali since 13." On June 5438+ 10/5, Ma Yun announced that he would no longer serve as CEO of Alibaba Group, and the new CEO will be announced on May 10. Peng Lei, the current CEO of Alipay, is a popular candidate.