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What are the characteristics of the teaching system in Shang Dynasty?
The so-called "Music as a Sect" was originally the ancestral hall of musicians and used as a place of worship. Rites and music were added to the sacrifices, and cults gradually became institutions to educate aristocratic children about rites and music. The Shang Dynasty attached great importance to the education of rites and music, so there was a saying that "Yin people used music to train scholars, and their learning was the Sect". According to the pre-Qin literature, the Business School is located outside the West Gate of Tang Ming in the southern suburb of the capital, so it is also called "Western Learning". "Book of Rites, Wang Shi" refers to the system of Zhou Dynasty, and scholars learn. "Rites learn, and books learn." "Zhou Li Shimonoseki's Great Music Thoughts" said: "Those who have morality must teach. If you die, you must worship your ancestors. " Zheng Xuan's note: "Sacrifice to the philosopher, sacrifice to the temple." According to Zhou Renzu's history of the Four Merchants, we can see that the Four Merchants School has three characteristics: First, the education of rites and music is the school. The education of rites teaches the etiquette knowledge about religious festivals, which is integrated with rites and music, rather than classified teaching. Secondly, Zhezong was attached to the heavy house side of the ancestral hall in Shang Dynasty, and it was also an integral part of the ancestral hall community. Therefore, in the literature, "Le Zu offered sacrifices to Zhe Zong", that is, "offering sacrifices to temples". The reason why Lezu accompanies food in the temple is that classical music is an essential setting for ancestral temple sacrifices, lectures on new moons, pilgrimages and other gifts, so it is not only an important part of ancestral temple sacrifices, but also a symbol of paying homage to ancestors and gods. Music education in Shang Dynasty, as a part of religious education, is based on the concept of religious respect for ancestors. Third, the Shang dynasty advocated destiny, and although education also contained moral factors, it did not decompose ethical education in the pure sense. Yin Shang established schools in western learning and worshipped sages, so they taught the virtues of governors. This kind of "virtue" only lies in strengthening the concept and behavior of obeying the destiny and the will of ancestors. Although there are many words of "virtue" and "sense of virtue" in Shang historical documents such as Shangshu Pan Geng, Gaozong Sunday and Weizi, their original intention is basically limited to the above scope.