original text
It is said that there are more than one hundred gardens in Suzhou, and I have been to more than ten. I have also been to some gardens in other places. If I have to say a general impression, I think Suzhou Gardens are specimens of gardens in China, and gardens in China are more or less influenced by Suzhou Gardens. Therefore, if anyone wants to appreciate the gardens in China, Suzhou Gardens can't be missed.
Designers and craftsmen adapt to local conditions, and successful gardens are certainly different. But all the gardens in Suzhou have one thing in common. It seems that designers and craftsmen are pursuing the same thing: to ensure that no matter where visitors stand, there is always a perfect picture in front of them. In order to achieve this goal, they pay attention to the layout of pavilions, the coordination of rockery ponds, the foil of flowers and trees, and the level of close-up vision. In short, everything must exist in order to form a perfect picture, and it can't hurt the failure of beauty. They just want visitors to get the aesthetic feeling of "picturesque", and their achievements have realized their wishes. When tourists come to the garden, no one does not think of saying "as in painting" orally.
Most of the buildings in China, from ancient palaces to modern ordinary houses, are symmetrical, no matter what the left side is, so is the right side. Suzhou gardens can never pay attention to symmetry, as if deliberately avoiding it. There are pavilions or cloisters in the East, and there will never be the same pavilions or cloisters in the West. Why is this? I think, for example, with pictures, symmetrical buildings are pattern paintings, not art paintings, and gardens are art paintings. Artistic painting requires natural interest, not symmetry.
There are rockeries and ponds in Suzhou gardens. The piling of rockeries can be said to be an art, not just a technology. Whether it is a mountain or a hill with flowers and trees, it is the life experience of designers and craftsmen and the high valley in their hearts, which makes tourists forget Suzhou City when climbing and only feel that they are in the mountains. As for ponds, most of them refer to running water. Some gardens have spacious ponds, so the pond is the center of the whole garden, and other scenery is arranged in harmony. If the water looks like a river, bridges are usually arranged. If more than two bridges are arranged, they will be the same, not the same. There are few neat stone dikes beside ponds or rivers, and they are always left to their own devices. There are also a few exquisite stones arranged there, or some flowers and plants planted: this is also to achieve the effect of looking at a painting from all angles. Goldfish or carp of various colors are kept in the pond, and lotus flowers or water lilies are in full bloom in summer and autumn. Visitors can see "fish playing between lotus leaves", which is another painting.
Painting is also the main way to plant trees and prune trees in Suzhou gardens. Tall trees and short trees are pitching. Deciduous trees and evergreen trees alternate with each other, and different kinds of flower trees alternate with each other when they bloom, so that you don't feel lonely all year round. There are no pines and cypresses trimmed like pagodas, and there are no roadside trees like parade: because from the aesthetic point of view of Chinese painting, it is not worth taking. Several gardens are full of Gu Teng, and the winding and rugged branches are a good painting. When the flowers bloom, they are full of jewels, which makes tourists feel infinite prosperity and joy, but they can't say it.
Visiting Suzhou gardens will inevitably pay attention to flower walls and promenades. Separated by walls and bounded by corridors, there are many levels and the scenery can be seen deeply. However, there are various hollow patterns made of bricks on the walls, and most of the sides of the veranda are borderless. In fact, it is separated but not separated, and the boundary does not exist, thus increasing the depth of the scene. Several gardens have also installed a large mirror in a proper position, which is more hierarchical and almost doubles the whole garden.
Of course, tourists will not ignore another point, that is, Suzhou gardens pay attention to the beauty of every corner of the picture. There are some books with grass beside the steps. The wall is covered with ivy or rosewood. If the window is facing the white wall, it will be too monotonous. Add some bamboo or bananas. And so on, it is nothing more than that visitors can appreciate beauty even if they look at a small part.
The doors and windows, pattern design and carving skills in Suzhou gardens are all top arts and crafts. Generally speaking, those doors and windows are as refined as possible, never vulgar, even if they are simple and ingenious. Four, eight, twelve. Taken together, everyone must admire this is a high degree of pattern beauty. Photographers like these doors and windows very much. They took light and shadow into consideration and took satisfactory photos.
Unlike Beijing, Suzhou gardens rarely use paintings. Most of the beams and columns, as well as the railings of doors and windows, are painted widely, which is a non-dazzling color. The walls are white. Some indoor walls are paved with square bricks in the lower half, with light gray and white as contrast. Roof tiles and eaves are light gray. These colors match the green of the vegetation, which makes people feel quiet and leisurely. When flowers bloom, all kinds of flowers are more vivid.
Of course, you can say more than that, so I won't write much here.
works appreciation
Ye is the earliest and most accomplished "educational novelist" in the history of new literature.
It is the keynote of Ye's "educational novels" to expose the dark inside story of the education circle in old China and point the criticism at the whole old society through the education circle. He reflected the poverty and miserable living conditions of the lower intellectuals with his feelings and sympathy. At the same time, he also made a rigorous anatomy and examination of teachers who are part of the intellectual class.
The outstanding artistic achievement of Ye's novels lies in his calm observation and objective description of "gray life", which shows distinct realistic characteristics. The writer's calm and objective style does not exclude his inner enthusiasm and subjective opinions. Calm observation and objective description are the most prominent factors in Ye's novel style. With sharp eyes, he calmly looked at the insulted and injured people huddled in a corner of old China. His heart is full of compassion, but he hides it when he puts pen to paper, and he is indifferent and reserved. His meaning is often hidden in words, but his feelings are not exposed in words.
Compassion and satire are the basic characteristics of ordinary intellectuals in Ye's works. Under the heavy pressure of life, the author doesn't like their cowardice, emptiness, dereliction of duty and selfishness, so stop stabbing them and expect them to change. But he also knows their hardships. The reasons for their poor performance are complicated, and sometimes they can't control their own destiny. Therefore, while mocking, he unambiguously put his pen through these people and pointed to the dark reality system behind them, thus making his critical realism reach a certain depth.
There are two types of intellectual images in Ye's novels:
First, humble and vulgar. Its representative figures are Mr. Wu in Rice and Mr. Pan in Trouble.
The second is integrity and idealism. Its representative figures are Ding Yusheng in City, Guo in Struggle, and the most typical one is Ni Huanzhi in Ni Huanzhi. Among them, Ni Huanzhi was called a masterpiece by Mao Dun.
The changeable structure, ingenious layout and endless aftertaste are another aspect of Ye's novel style.
Ye borrowed foreign novels without trace. His novels are orderly, rigorous, plain and pure. They are neither Europeanized nor semi-illiterate, and pay great attention to norms. Ye's literary language is not as Europeanized as the May 4th writers. With profound classical literature accomplishment and earnest and down-to-earth writing attitude, Ye's literary works have contributed to the standardization, purity and health of modern Chinese in China.
Suzhou Garden Teaching Design
Teaching objectives:
1, perceive the content of the text as a whole, understand the characteristics of Suzhou gardens, and sort out the order of explanation.
2. Appreciate the characteristics of descriptive language, and strive to use words accurately, rigorously and vividly. Simply understand some explanation methods.
3. Appreciate the beauty of the pictures written by the author and inspire students to love the ancient gardens in China.
Teaching emphases and difficulties:
Mainly perceive the interpretation order, language features and partial interpretation methods of the interpretation text, and understand and master the methods of explaining things by grasping the characteristics of the interpretation object.
Teaching steps:
First, import
Introduction in the form of "dream": a teacher's dream leads to the introduction of Suzhou garden beauty "people are painting", which stimulates students' interest in exploring the text and guides them into the "painting" situation created by the text.
Second, overall perception.
The teacher read the text 1 and paragraph 2 with music.
The students continued to read the rest to the music.
After reading the text, think
1. What genre is this article? -Interpretative text
2. What is the purpose of this article? -Suzhou gardens
3. So is Suzhou Garden a concrete thing or an abstract and imperceptible truth? Concrete things that exist.
Knowledge induction and collation (blackboard writing) Explanatory text types: things expository text, things expository text.
Third, read the text independently.
1. Guiding students to read expository texts should start from the following aspects. (Guidance on reading methods of expository texts: make clear the objects of expository texts, analyze their characteristics, sort out the order of expository texts, find out the methods of expository texts, and understand the language characteristics of expository texts)
2. Read the text quickly in your favorite way, participate in group discussions, and find out sentences that summarize the overall characteristics of Suzhou gardens. From what aspects does the article specifically explain this feature? Clarify the author's writing ideas
Fourthly, cooperative interpretation of the text.
1, "picture" is put forward many times in this paper. Please read the text carefully again and find out these sentences with pictures by "circling". (Students answer each other and complement each other, a total of 10 sentences. )
2. The teacher asked the students to number these sentences in turn and let them discuss in groups. Which of these sentences is written as a whole? Which sentences are written locally? Where are the details written? (Students discuss in groups of four first, and then speak and communicate in class. The teacher writes on the blackboard: whole-part-details, and summarizes according to the students' answers.
2. Summary order: from the whole to the part, from the whole to the main points, from the big to the small logical order.
3. Knowledge induction and arrangement (blackboard writing): Explain the relevant knowledge of the sequence (time sequence, spatial order, logical sequence).
Summary and enlightenment: Suzhou garden is an expository article that can accurately grasp the characteristics of things. Whether it is the whole, or every part of it, or even every detail, we pay attention to the beauty of the picture everywhere. The author repeatedly uses pictures for comparison, aiming at emphasizing the overall characteristics of Suzhou gardens. From this, what enlightenment can we get from the reading and writing of expository texts?
Interactive analysis of verb (verb's abbreviation) fragments
1, after learning expository writing, you have to mention the use of expository writing, and use expository writing properly to make it rich and clear. The following table lists the common interpretation methods.
Explain the features and functions of this method.
For example, first introduce a phenomenon or explain a truth, and then use specific examples as examples. Increase the credibility of the article.
Show similarities and differences by comparing similar and related things. It is easy to highlight the characteristics of the explained object.
For example, by virtue of the similarity between things, this thing is compared with another thing, thus highlighting this thing. Make the image of the object to be explained tangible.
Column numbers quantitatively describe the characteristics of things. Get an accurate understanding of the description object through numbers and reflect the accuracy of the language.
Cite literature, celebrity speeches, ancient and modern poems and agricultural proverbs to illustrate the characteristics of things. Enhance the persuasiveness of the article.
Define and reveal the unique attributes of things in accurate and concise language. It is convenient for readers to have a clear concept of the description object.
Explain one aspect of sth in general. It is not an accurate scientific definition, which helps to explain the characteristics of things.
Classification Don't divide the explanatory objects into several sub-categories according to certain standards, and then introduce them one by one. It is convenient to clarify complicated things.
Column chart is an auxiliary method of text description. Make the description object concise and clear.
Imitation, like description, shows the external characteristics of an object. Make the description object vivid and clear.
There are ten ways to explain it, some of which are unfamiliar to us and some of which are familiar to us. Let's start with the simplest and easiest to understand. Can you find out the sentences that use comparison and analogy? Look for the other person at the same table.
2. Speaking of the vivid image of expository language, we might as well discuss the personality characteristics of expository language.
What are the linguistic features of analogical explanation? Can you tell me? -Vivid
Besides that? What other characteristics will expository language show? Please look at a few examples:
Example 1 shows the accuracy of explanatory language.
The second example shows the rigor of explanatory language.
Summary: Explain the characteristics of written language: accuracy, preciseness and vividness.
Sixth, the class summary
As a world heritage, the ancient Suzhou gardens, although completed in the past, have condensed the profoundness and long-standing beauty of China culture. The refined pen of Mr. Ye Shengtao, a linguist, vividly shows this beauty between the lines. Today, we also have an antique fan of "expository writing", and we have the most basic understanding of expository writing, one of the three major styles. We will continue to learn, understand and apply the related knowledge of expository writing in the future study.
Seven. distribute
As a small tour guide, combined with my own experience in learning expository writing in this class, I grasp the characteristics of the expository writing object and write a fragment to introduce a scene in a beautiful campus in central Shandong. Requirements: Make rational use of several methods of explanation, and pay attention to the characteristics of explanation language.