1. The fracture line under the head is completely under the femoral head, the whole femoral neck is at the distal end of the fracture, and the femoral head can rotate freely in the acetabulum and joint capsule. This kind of fracture is the most common in elderly patients, and the blood supply of femoral head is seriously damaged. Even if the round ligament artery exists, it can only supply a small range of bone blood supply near the recess of the round ligament. However, with the increase of age, the round ligament artery gradually degenerates and even becomes occluded. Therefore, this kind of fracture is difficult to heal, with high incidence of avascular necrosis of femoral head and poor prognosis.
2. Head and neck type, that is, oblique fracture of femoral neck. Because femoral neck fractures are mostly caused by torsional violence, the true head-down type and neck-middle type are rare. Most head-down fractures have a femoral neck fracture block of different sizes, which makes the fracture line tilt. This type of fracture is difficult to reduce, and the stability after reduction is also poor, and the damage to the blood supply of femoral head is second only to that of subcephalic fracture.
3. Transcervical (middle neck) type All fracture surfaces pass through the femoral neck. In fact, this type is rare, especially for elderly patients, and some scholars even think that this type does not exist. X-ray shows that neck fracture is often an illusion, and repeated photos are often confirmed as head and neck type.
4. The basal fracture line is located at the basal part of the femoral neck. The blood supply at the fracture end is good, and it is easy to maintain stability and heal after reduction, so some scholars classify it as a rotor fracture.
The treatment plan should be determined according to the patient's age, physical condition and fracture classification. Please upload specific content to help analysis.