Moral education is the spiritual strength to maintain the harmonious development of the country and society, and it is also an important content of spiritual civilization. No individual or society can ignore the importance of moral construction. Since the reform and opening up, although great achievements have been made in economic construction, the decline of national moral quality has become more and more obvious, and the situation of moral anomie has gradually spread from adults to young people. In the long run, it will inevitably lead to a decline in the overall quality of the people and a serious impact on social morality. Therefore, moral education must start with "dolls" and attach importance to moral education in primary education, so that children can be branded with social moral strength in the golden age of growth and development, help them form the most basic standards for judging good, evil, beauty and ugliness, and finally improve their rational cognition and overall literacy.

First, the main principles of moral education in primary schools

Moral education in primary schools is different from that in secondary and higher education. It is more inclined to guide students to judge the surface of good, evil, beauty and ugliness than to think deeply about social phenomena. It can be said that it is a perceptual ideological orientation. Therefore, in order to carry out effective moral education in primary education, we must follow certain principles and laws in order to get twice the result with half the effort.

1. Proceed from reality and be close to students' life.

Pupils are immature in thought and psychology and have limited knowledge. Most of them judge things with their own feelings as the center, and perceptual thinking guides individual behavior. Their knowledge of the world is formed by the people and things they face and experience in their lives. The judgment of good and evil has nothing to do with their morality, but one of the basic external manifestations of children's psychological cognition. Knowledge can be imparted through theoretical study, but the study of moral quality cannot be separated from the norms of social life. True moral education must be carried out in social life, so the ideological and moral education of primary school students must also come from their lives. Moral education classroom based on social life is also the inevitable requirement of the new curriculum reform of integrating theory with practice and returning knowledge to practice.

2 adhere to the principle of combining social, family and school education.

Moral education cannot be achieved overnight. The formation of ideology and morality is a process accompanied by personal experience. Insisting on unilateral or short-term moral education can not really guide students to form correct values and outlook on life, but will have the opposite effect. In the critical period of children's growth and development, family and school have the greatest influence on their spiritual world. As children enter the society, the influence of social factors on their values is gradually improved. Personality factors of parents and families, occupation factors, family relationship factors, school teachers' personality charm, words and deeds, the relationship between students, and the invasion of social thoughts all profoundly affect the formation of children's ideological and moral character. In the process of moral education, we should realize that moral education must adhere to the principle of coordination among schools, society and families, and cultivate students' good behavior habits and moral quality purposefully and in a planned way.

3. Adhere to the open education model.

Moral education is not static, it should keep pace with the mainstream values of society. Teachers should not only teach students how to judge right and wrong, good and evil, but also let students know how to think and experience themselves in situations according to phenomena, instead of observing them as bystanders, similar to "What would you do in the face of this situation?" This teaching form should become the mainstream of moral education in primary schools. Therefore, moral education in primary schools must adhere to the open teaching mode, and both the form of knowledge imparting and the evaluation system should be based on students' "participation" and "practice".

Second, an effective way to carry out moral education

The moral education of primary school students can be organized from three levels: theoretical knowledge education, class collective education and creating a moral education atmosphere, so that students can be influenced by the moral education concept promoted in all directions.

First of all, we should combine the theoretical knowledge of classroom teaching with the theoretical infiltration of students. (1) Combining ideological and moral education textbooks and social popular cases, students are educated in theory, and moral slogans are branded with words. Classroom teaching is the most important position of moral education. Teachers should make full use of the limited classroom time, enrich theoretical education and carry out discussion activities on behavior habits and ideological quality. (2) Integrating students' life into classroom teaching, through social examples and self-comparison, we can know whether other students' ideas are better than others in discussion and self-education, explore the potential of moral education in comparison, and gradually produce self-moral consciousness; (3) Change the evaluation form and standard, and combine self-evaluation with external evaluation. Teachers should teach students self-evaluation (introspection), so teachers should promptly affirm students' good words and deeds, actively praise students' moral habits of being honest, studious, friendly, helpful, civilized, polite, disciplined and caring for public property, guide students to gain psychological experience and adjust moral behavior.

Secondly, moral education and guidance should be given to students through class collectives. Class collectivity has a great influence on students' thoughts and behaviors, and teachers should grasp the key point of class collectivity construction and implement moral education. (1) Gradually cultivate students' sense of collective honor through the construction of class culture. Class collective sense of honor can make students form a joint force and inspire the whole class to forge ahead towards the goal. Teachers should actively support and encourage students to participate in class collective activities and set goals for students, so as to cultivate students' sense of class collective honor. (2) Educate students through class committee cadres and Young Pioneers organizations.

Finally, create a moral education atmosphere to help students adapt to the moral education concept. In moral education, teachers need to improve the relationship with students and establish an equal, mutual trust and inclusive teacher-student interaction in order to let students enter the role as soon as possible. At the same time, teachers should set an example and guide students to form correct values and behaviors that conform to social civilization through their own words and deeds. In addition, teachers should fully communicate with students' families, express their concern for students through educational expectations, maintain the emotional consistency between teachers and students, and create a good moral education atmosphere.

Three. abstract

Strengthening primary school students' moral education and cultivating good moral habits is an important part of quality education, which has a long way to go, as long as we persist in doing in-depth and meticulous work for primary school students. Moral education should teach students certain and basic ways of dealing with others through moral, scientific and life enlightenment education, cultivate their positive attitude towards life and practical viability, and lay the foundation for forming a sound personality, correct values and outlook on life. Starting with cultivating students' moral character, selfless dedication to love, organizing various activities and exchanges, integrating ideological and moral education into activities, starting from a small place and implementing moral education into students' daily activities, today's primary school students will certainly be trained to be builders of tomorrow's cross-century.