It refers to the cultivation, guidance and influence of parents or other guardians on minors' moral quality, physical quality, life skills, cultural accomplishment and behavior habits in order to promote their all-round and healthy growth.
Second, the fundamental task of family education
Family education takes moral education as its fundamental task, cultivates and practices socialist core values, promotes the excellent traditional culture, revolutionary culture and advanced socialist culture of the Chinese nation, and promotes the healthy growth of minors.
Three, the five requirements of the Family Education Promotion Law:
(1) Respecting the laws of physical and mental development of minors and individual differences.
Children's growth has stages, regularity and individual differences. Only by respecting the inherent laws of children's physical and mental development and respecting each child's unique personality can we achieve good educational results. Many parents either encourage their children to surpass the development stage, or coax them to grow up, or always compare and demand their children with "children in the neighborhood", or impose their unfulfilled dreams on their children. These are all manifestations that violate the laws of children's physical and mental development and individual differences.
(2) Respecting the personal dignity of minors, protecting their privacy and personal information, and protecting their legitimate rights and interests.
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, respect is the most important psychological need of people. Deep down, children long for equality and respect. Parents can't put themselves above their children, and they can't simply treat their children as children. Mr. Tao Xingzhi once wrote a song "Children are not a ditty": "Everyone says that children are small, but everyone is careful. You look down on children, they are younger than children! " In family education, parents should learn to listen to their children's opinions, discuss with their children as much as possible in family affairs, make decisions together and abide by family rules together. We should learn to protect children's privacy and protect their legitimate rights and interests. Children who are respected will respect others and have a healthier personality.
(3) We should follow the characteristics of family education and implement scientific family education concepts and methods.
Family education has its own characteristics and laws, so we can't turn the family into a "second school", an echo of school education and a gas station for exam-oriented education. Family education is life education, personality education, through the influence of parents' own example, through the common growth of parents and children, through eating, gathering, traveling and other daily life. What kind of family life and what kind of family education. Therefore, parents should carefully design the contents and methods of family education, and let their children grow up quietly through the life education of "moistening things quietly".
(4) Family education, school education and social education should be closely integrated and coordinated.
Family education is not an "island" of education, but an "island chain" of school education and social education. Therefore, if family education wants to achieve good results, it is naturally inseparable from the full cooperation and coordination with school education and social education. Article 19 of the Family Education Promotion Law clearly requires that "parents or other guardians of minors should cooperate closely with primary and secondary schools, kindergartens, infant care services and communities and actively participate in the public welfare family education guidance and practical activities provided by them. Jointly promote the healthy growth of minors. " Therefore, parents should actively participate in school education life, understand their children's situation at school, and also inform teachers about their children's situation at home. Especially for some problem children, it is necessary to strengthen the communication between home and school and feed back all kinds of information in time. Conditional parents can also provide various educational resources for the school and be volunteers of the school. At the same time, we should make use of the educational resources of the community and often take our children to the nearby museums, art galleries, science and technology museums and children's palaces to get into nature.
(5) Take flexible and diverse measures according to the actual situation.
Family education can't be carried out according to the pre-edited script, which is full of uncertainties and unpredictable variables. Not only is every child different, the same child will have completely different behaviors in different periods, different environments and different moods. Therefore, the wisdom of family education is to influence and change children by "teaching without teaching" as much as possible. Parents should not deliberately think about how to get along with their children and how to fight with them. Instead, they should be their friends, put themselves in their children's shoes and help them cope with their growing troubles. If children really regard their parents as friends, then there is nothing to go through.
Four, the six contents of family education:
(1) Cultivate feelings of home and country: educate minors to love the party, the country, the people, the collective and socialism, establish the concept of safeguarding national unity, cultivate the sense of community of the Chinese nation, and cultivate feelings of home and country;
(2) Cultivate good moral quality: educate minors to respect the old and love the young, love the family, be diligent and thrifty, unite and help each other, be honest and friendly, abide by the law, and cultivate their good social morality, family virtues, personal moral awareness and awareness of the rule of law;
(3) Help minors to establish a correct concept of success: guide them to cultivate a wide range of hobbies, healthy aesthetic pursuit and good study habits, and enhance the spirit of scientific exploration, innovative consciousness and ability;
(4) Promoting the healthy development of body and mind: ensuring the balanced nutrition, scientific exercise, adequate sleep and physical and mental pleasure of minors, guiding them to develop good living habits and behavior habits, and promoting their healthy development of body and mind;
(5) Pay attention to minors' mental health and enhance their awareness and ability of self-protection: teach them to cherish life, educate them on safety knowledge from the aspects of transportation, healthy surfing, prevention of bullying, drowning, fraud, trafficking and sexual assault, help them master safety knowledge and skills and enhance their awareness and ability of self-protection;
(6) Help minors to establish a correct concept of labor: take part in what they can to improve their self-care ability and independent living ability. Develop an excellent character of hard work and a good habit of loving labor.
These six aspects are the concrete refinement and implementation of socialist core values in family education, emphasizing the cultivation of great morality, public morality and private morality, physical and mental health and habit formation, and emphasizing the uniqueness of family education different from school education.
Five, nine methods of family education:
First, raise by yourself and strengthen parent-child companionship.
Childhood is only once, and companionship is irreplaceable. Parenting and strengthening parent-child companionship should be the first priority of family education. I once said that a father is a man's most important job and a mother is a woman's most sacred duty. The Family Education Committee of China Education Association once conducted a survey on grandparents' participation in family education in China. The results show that nearly 80% of families are brought up by grandparents. Among them, 77.7% were before kindergarten, 72.9% during kindergarten and 60. 1% in primary school, and the proportion of rural ancestors receiving education was as high as 90%. It should be admitted that intergenerational education has the advantages of rich experience, abundant time and close feelings, but it also has the disadvantages of relatively backward concepts, relatively old methods and difficult to grasp the boundaries. The Family Education Promotion Law reminds parents that parents are the primary responsible persons for children's growth, and it should be an important mission for parents to spend a short childhood with their children. Even if there is intergenerational support, grandparents should not take the responsibility instead of their parents, but should play an auxiliary and assisting role.
Second, participate together and play the role of parents on both sides.
Educating children is the common responsibility of both parents, and neither father nor mother can be absent. In many traditional families in China, it is often "the male is the master and the female is the master", and the responsibility for education is mainly borne by the mother. In many families, the absence of father education has become a so-called "shadow father", which is not good for children's growth. The Family Education Promotion Law clearly states that both parents play a role together. They should cooperate with each other to perform their family education duties, and neither party may refuse or delay the performance; Unless otherwise provided by law, the other party shall not be prevented from carrying out family education. In other words, even in a separated or divorced family, both parents should fulfill their obligation to educate their children.
Third, camera teaching and daily life teaching.
Life is the best teacher and education. The most essential feature of family education is to integrate education into daily life. As Mr. Tao Xingzhi said: "A good life is a good education, and a bad life is a bad education; A serious life is a serious education, and a sloppy life is a sloppy education; Reasonable life is reasonable education, and unreasonable life is unreasonable education; A healthy life is a healthy education, and an unhealthy life is an unhealthy education ... "In the family, there are educational resources and opportunities everywhere. Parents should seize every opportunity to educate and influence their children with life itself.
Fourth, imperceptibly, the combination of words and deeds and examples.
Neither children nor adults want to be "educated by others". The best education is achieved in a subtle way, and it is achieved in the process of "sneaking into the night with the wind and moistening things silently". Therefore, even if the parents' education methods are correct and reasonable, try not to use coercion and indoctrination, don't condescend, I say you listen, and don't beat you with domestic violence. Teaching at home
In education, the process of educating children is actually the process of children imitating their parents' behavior. Children not only copy their parents' genes, but also copy their parents' behavioral characteristics. To make children better "replicas", parents are required to be better "prototypes" themselves. In the family, parents should not only speak correctly, but also do well, so as to set a good example for their children.
Fifth, temper leniency with severity, and pay equal attention to care and strict requirements.
In family education, it is easy to spoil and be strict, but in some families, mother and father play two different roles, namely "white face" and "red face". There is no doubt that love is the background and premise of education. However, love has principles, wisdom and a bottom line. Excessive doting will make children "indigestion", and excessive harshness will make children unbearable. In family education, the key to combining strict requirements with care and love lies in parents' mastery of education and wisdom in balancing the relationship between them.
Sixth, respect differences and give scientific guidance according to age and personality characteristics.
There are no two identical leaves in the world, let alone two identical children. Every child has many possibilities, but only a few people turn them into reality. The goal of education is not to use the same standard to turn children with unlimited possibilities into the same person, a person with one dimension, but to make every child become his true self. Children are seeds, and every seed contains great possibilities. The function of education is not to increase the possibility of seeds, but to try our best to turn the possibility into reality, so that trees can stand tall and straight and flowers can exude fragrance. Therefore, family education should pay special attention to respect children's differences, tap children's potential, and conduct targeted education according to children's age characteristics, gender characteristics and personality differences.
Seventh, exchange on an equal footing, respect, understand and encourage.
Because of parents' natural advantages such as age, knowledge, experience and ability, it is difficult to discuss, discuss and communicate with children on an equal footing in family education, and more is to command, teach, force and even punish. As Montessori said, "The attitude of adults towards children is domineering, which is very common in families. Even a beloved child may be suppressed by the authority of adults. " As a child with an independent personality, or a teenager in a rebellious period, there is natural resistance to this. It is naturally impossible to achieve good results by carrying out family education in this way. To this end, Article 23 of the Family Education Promotion Law also specifically stipulates: "Parents or other guardians shall not discriminate against minors because of their sex, physical condition, intelligence and other reasons. No domestic violence, no coercion, inducement, instigation, connivance or use of minors to engage in activities that violate laws, regulations and social ethics. "
Eighth, mutual promotion, parents and children grow together.
Parents are children's first world. Suhomlinski once said that if we want to leave something behind, we don't have to be famous writers, scholars, inventors of spaceships and the development of new elements in the periodic table.
Now, we can't train our children to be good citizens, good workers, good sons, good daughters and good parents, and we can also prove our value to the society. Montessori said: Children are the father of adults. Many excellent parents' cases tell us that the process of educating children is also a process of learning from children. Children are uncut and unpolluted individuals, and they retain the most precious qualities of human beings: curiosity, innocence, carefree, lively and active, and not afraid of authority. Educating children with awe is educating themselves, and growing up with children is the best scenery of family education.
Ninth, other ways and means conducive to the all-round development and healthy growth of minors.
This is an open prompt, well-educated, and there is no fixed teaching method. The key is that parents should truly realize the significance and value of family education, and should not regard family education as a heavy burden, obsess over various family education advertisements such as "Don't let children lose at the starting line", and find a good job anxiety for their children whether they can be admitted to a prestigious school, nor should they "lie flat" because of the involution of education. Article 18 of the Family Education Promotion Law stipulates that "parents or other guardians of minors should establish a correct concept of family education, consciously learn family education knowledge, conduct targeted studies during pregnancy and during the important period when minors enter infant care service institutions, kindergartens, primary and secondary schools, and master scientific family education methods to improve their family education ability". Parents study hard and children make progress every day. Wise parents can naturally discover and create scientific parenting methods, enjoy the happiness of growing up with their children and enjoy the rare family happiness in life.
Of course, family education is not just a family matter, and the responsibility of family education is not just a family responsibility. The Family Education Promotion Law also has a special chapter on "state support" and "social coordination". The state, governments at all levels, social institutions, schools and other families have formed an educational network in which the whole society cooperates in educating people in family education. ?
The Family Education Promotion Law is a law to mobilize all social forces to do a good job in family education. "Home is the smallest country, and there are thousands of countries." Family education is not only a family matter, but also involves public welfare. The Family Education Promotion Law focuses on the practical needs of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way. It empowers parents through system design, contractual family responsibilities, detailed state support and social coordination, making thousands of families in Qian Qian an important foundation for national development, national progress and social harmony.
In a word, the Family Education Promotion Law is a law that takes moral education as the main line. Putting moral education at the core of family education and accurately positioning the tasks, objectives, contents, principles and methods of family education in the new period will further consolidate the responsibility of family education, guide the whole society to attach importance to family, family education and family style construction, promote family happiness and social harmony, and cultivate socialist builders and successors with all-round development in morality, intelligence, physique, beauty and labor. In a sense, the Law on the Promotion of Family Education is not only a law about family education, but also a textbook of family education, and a guide book with subtle significance.