16 In August, the National Health and Health Commission and other departments 17 jointly issued "Guiding Opinions on Further Improving and Implementing Active Reproductive Support Measures" (hereinafter referred to as "Guiding Opinions"), and put forward 20 specific measures around improving and implementing financial, taxation, insurance, education, housing, employment and other active reproductive support measures.
On August 17, the National Health and Wellness Committee held a press conference to introduce the Guiding Opinions. The reporter of 265438+20th Century Business Herald noted that the development of universal nursing service system, the improvement of maternity leave and treatment guarantee mechanism and the strengthening of housing guarantee measures are the key points mentioned in this conference.
Accelerate the development of inclusive child care services.
"unattended infants and young children are the primary factor hindering fertility. About13 families in the city have childcare needs, but in reality our supply is still insufficient, especially the supply of inclusive services is indeed a short board. " Hao Fuqing, deputy director of the Social Development Department of the National Development and Reform Commission and a first-class inspector, said at the press conference.
Hao Fuqing said that the Guiding Opinions focus on five key words, namely, "basic, inclusive, investment, charging and burden reduction".
Basically, it is to strengthen basic public services. The Guiding Opinions proposes to expand the functions of community pension services, improve basic public service facilities such as infant care, implement the capacity-building project of public pension services, and highlight children's basic living security.
Pratt & Whitney will focus on increasing inclusive services. Develop public child care institutions, encourage social forces to invest, support employers to organize, build community service outlets, and explore family child care models. Conditional kindergartens can also be extended downward to recruit children aged 2-3. Through the above channels, encourage multi-party participation and effectively expand the supply of inclusive childcare services.
Investment means increasing investment support. Broaden the application scope of nursery construction projects, give subsidies for investment and construction within the central budget, and give appropriate support to qualified inclusive projects. Through the support and guidance of central investment, local governments and social forces will be driven to increase investment and jointly strengthen the capacity building of the child care service industry.
Charge is to regulate the charges of various services. It is clear that the charging standards for public nurseries and kindergartens are formulated by local governments, and the supervision of inclusive nurseries and kindergartens is strengthened to reasonably determine the prices of nurseries and kindergartens.
Reducing the burden is to reduce the operating burden of public institutions. In addition to the special support for investment in the central budget, the water, electricity and heat used by child care institutions should be implemented according to the living price of residents, and all localities should also introduce a package of policies to support the development of child care institutions. At the same time, in some special periods, it is necessary to establish an emergency mechanism for the closure of nursery institutions and implement the rescue policy during the epidemic.
Du, Ombudsman of the Population and Family Department of the National Health and Wellness Commission, said that from 2020 to 2022, the National Development and Reform Commission and the Health and Wellness Commission continued to carry out special actions for inclusive childcare services, and issued a central budget of 2 billion yuan, which drove local governments and society to invest more than 5 billion yuan, with a cumulative increase of 200,000 places, which promoted the effective supply of inclusive childcare services.
At the same time, various departments have also provided strong support for the development of nursery services. For example, the Ministry of Education has added conservation-related majors to undergraduate and vocational education; The Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation issued preferential measures for community nursing services, and included the nursing service fees for infants under 3 years old in the special additional deduction of personal income tax; All-China Federation of Trade Unions actively promotes employers to develop child care services.
However, Du admitted that China's modern child care service system started from scratch and started late. Although some progress has been made in the past two years, by the end of 20021,there were 2.03 places per thousand people, which was far from the goal of reaching 4.5 places by the end of the 14th Five-Year Plan and the expectations of the people. The Guiding Opinions further clarified specific measures in reducing the operating costs of nursery institutions and improving the quality of nursery services.
"Around the established goals, all localities and relevant departments will move in the same direction, jointly accelerate the pace of building a child care service system, and strive to implement positive fertility support measures." Duchy theory
Maternity allowance policy will be unified
In June, 20021,the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the Decision on Optimizing Birth Policy to Promote Long-term Balanced Population Development. Over the past year or so, various localities and departments have introduced various policies and measures to encourage childbearing, among which it is quite common to explore how to improve the maternity leave and treatment guarantee mechanism.
The Guiding Opinions put forward that the state should standardize the formulation and improvement of maternity insurance and maternity allowance policies. Liu Juan, deputy director of the Department of Treatment and Protection of the National Medical Insurance Bureau, said that there are three main reasons for this formulation: First, we must adhere to the basic guarantee. To improve maternity insurance related benefits, we should not only consider the supporting ability of the fund, but also reflect the direction of actively supporting maternity.
The second is to balance the treatment gap between regions. In recent years, with the adjustment and optimization of population policy, local governments have established maternity leave in addition to the national statutory maternity leave. On the whole, the length of holidays varies greatly from place to place. Especially in the practice of rights protection, the level of treatment between regions is uneven, which is easy to cause the comparison between regions and people.
The third is to promote women's fair employment. Practice shows that the long vacation may bring career women's reproductive worries, increase women's employment discrimination, which is not conducive to fair employment between men and women, and then affect women's reproductive wishes. It is necessary to consider the burden of all parties and its impact on employment, comprehensively implement policies and share responsibilities, and jointly build a positive birth support system.
In some areas, preconditions such as marriage certificate have been put forward for granting maternity allowance, and there may be obstacles to granting maternity allowance to some unmarried women who have given birth. Liu Juan replied that the Social Insurance Law abides by equality of rights and obligations. As long as the payment responsibility of maternity insurance is fulfilled, there is no threshold for enjoying the treatment at the national level; Moreover, in the list of handling services, there is no need to provide a marriage certificate for the relevant materials needed to enjoy maternity insurance and maternity allowance. The National Medical Insurance Bureau will follow up with relevant departments to better protect the legitimate rights and interests of insured persons.
According to the Guiding Opinions, flexible employees who participate in the basic medical insurance for employees can explore participating in maternity insurance at the same time where conditions permit. Liu Juan explained that with the development of new formats and new economy, all parties are concerned about the social security of flexible employees. Since flexible employees have no fixed employers and are not covered by maternity insurance, exploring flexible employees to participate in maternity insurance is conducive to improving the system and embodying the inclusiveness of policies. In addition, this exploration is also conducive to protecting the reproductive rights and interests of flexible employees and promoting the employment of women among flexible employees.
Plus housing support
Housing support is also an initiative clearly put forward in the Guiding Opinions. Pan Wei, deputy director of the Housing Security Department of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, introduced support measures from two levels: public rental housing and affordable rental housing.
At the level of public rental housing, by the end of 2002114,000 families with minor children, 69,000 families with three children and 23,000 families with special difficulties in family planning had been helped to solve their housing problems.
Pan Wei said that in the next step, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development will continue to guide and urge all localities to further standardize the development of public rental housing. Taking the "Guiding Opinions" as an opportunity to increase the precise protection of public rental housing for families with many children, it is mainly reflected in three aspects. Support. First, when renting public rental housing, eligible families with minor children can be given appropriate care in the choice of apartment type according to the number of their minor children. The second is to optimize the waiting and allocation rules of public rental housing, and bring the number and composition of families into the waiting order or comprehensive scoring factor. For eligible families with many children, they can directly organize housing selection. The third is to improve the replacement policy of public rental housing. Due to the increase of family population, employment, children's schooling and other factors, it will be replaced in time according to the housing situation.
On the development of affordable rental housing, Pan Wei said that in the past two years, 2.56 million affordable rental housing units have been built nationwide, which can solve the housing problem of 7 million new citizens and young people. During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, the whole country plans to raise 8.7 million affordable rental houses, which is expected to help more than 26 million new citizens and young people improve their living conditions.