Meaning: The so-called content-based incentive theory refers to the theory of studying the specific content of the reasons and factors that play an incentive role. This theory focuses on satisfying people's needs, that is, satisfying people's needs, thus stimulating people's motivation.

Content-based motivation theory focuses on incentives to stimulate motivation. It mainly includes Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, Herzberg's two-factor theory, McLelland's achievement need incentive theory, and Oldfeld's erg theory.

Second, the process of incentive theory

Process-based motivation theory focuses on the psychological process from motivation to action. It mainly includes Fromm's expectation theory, House's motivation theory, Locke's goal motivation theory and Adams' fairness theory.

1, expectation theory

This is a theory put forward by psychologist Victor Fromm. Expectation theory holds that people take certain actions because they think that such actions will surely achieve certain results, and this result is of sufficient value to him. In other words, the level of motivation depends on how much people think people can expect to achieve the expected results, and whether people judge whether their efforts are meaningful to meet their personal needs.

2. Equity theory

Equity theory, also known as social comparison theory, is an incentive theory put forward by American behavioral scientist Adams in his works, such as the relationship between workers' inner conflict about unfair wages and their productivity, the influence of unfair wages on the quality of work, and the unfairness in social exchange. This theory focuses on the rationality and fairness of wage distribution and its influence on employees' enthusiasm for production.

Third, the theory of behavioral consequences.

Behavioral consequences incentive theory aims at behavioral consequences and studies how to motivate behaviors in the future. This theory includes reinforcement theory and attribution theory.

1, reinforcement theory

Reinforcement theory is a theory put forward by American psychologist and behavioral scientist Skinner. Reinforcement theory is a theory to understand and correct human behavior based on the reinforcement principle of learning. The so-called reinforcement, in its most basic form, refers to the positive or negative consequences (rewards or punishments) of an act, which will at least determine to some extent whether this act will be repeated in the future.

According to the nature and purpose of reinforcement, reinforcement can be divided into positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement. In management, positive reinforcement is to reward those behaviors that are needed in the organization, thus strengthening this behavior; Negative reinforcement is not the same as punishment. Punishment is some frustrating measures taken against some wrong behaviors. Negative reinforcement is to inform people that a certain behavior is undesirable and what punishment they will get if they do it, thus weakening this behavior.

2. Attribution theory

Attribution theory was put forward by American psychologist Hyde in 1958, and revived after the research of American psychologist Weiner and his colleagues.

Attribution theory is the general name of all kinds of theories and methods to explore the causes of people's behavior and analyze the causal relationship. Attribution theory focuses on the cognitive process used by individuals to explain their behavior, that is, to study the question of why people's behavior is motivated.

Fourthly, comprehensive incentive theory.

The representative figures of comprehensive incentive theory are American psychologists and management scientists Porter and Lawler, who put forward "comprehensive incentive model" in 1968. This theory is comprehensive because the template absorbs the achievements of needs theory, expectation theory and fairness theory, making it more comprehensive and perfect.

App application

1, education

Because students are not always intrinsic motivation, they sometimes need situational motivation, which exists in the environmental conditions created by teachers.

If teachers decide to reward students for their fruitful behavior from outside, they may find it difficult to get rid of this road. Therefore, students' dependence on external rewards is one of the biggest criticisms they use in class.

Most college freshmen are aware that the enrollment guidance information provided at the beginning of higher education experience should consider the unique needs of students.

White's research in 1986 has raised the awareness of counselors and educators in this regard. In 2007, the National Orientation Guidance Association reprinted Cassandra B Witt's research report, so that readers can determine the improvements made in meeting students' specific needs after 25 years to help them achieve academic success.

White studied and reported the importance of control points and academic achievements. Students who are more inclined to internal control are more successful academically, thus encouraging the development of courses and activities that consider motivation theory.

Academic motivation orientation may also be related to a person's ability to find and deal with mistakes. Fisher, Nanayakkara and Marshall conducted neuroscience research on children's motivation orientation, neurological indicators of error monitoring (the process of detecting errors) and academic performance.

Their research shows that students with high intrinsic motivation attribute their performance to personal control, and their error monitoring system is more prone to performance errors. They also found that motivation orientation and academic performance are related to the participation intensity of their error monitoring system.

2. Application in game design

Motivation model is the core of game design, because without motivation, players will not be interested in further development in the game. Several game motivation models have been proposed, including Richard Bartle's. Jon Radoff proposed a four-quadrant game motivation model, including cooperation, competition, immersion and achievement.

The motivation structure of games is the core of gamification trend, aiming at applying game-based motivation to commercial applications. Finally, game designers must understand the needs and wishes of customers, so that their companies can flourish.

There are various studies on the relationship between motivation and games. A special study is about teenagers in Taiwan Province Province and the driving force of their addiction to games. The two studies were conducted by the same person. The first study shows that addicted players show higher intrinsic motivation than external motivation and more intrinsic motivation than non-addicted players.

It can be said that according to the research results, addicted players are more inclined to play games. They enjoy the rewards of the game. Some studies also show that motivation makes these players have more pursuits in the future, such as lasting experiences that they may retain in their later years.

Refer to the above? Baidu Encyclopedia-Incentive Theory