The desire to express, like imagination, existed in early childhood. In early childhood, with the encouragement of teachers and parents, most children can express themselves well. With the growth of age, especially in adolescence, shyness and embarrassment prevent students from expressing their desires. Therefore, creating a relaxed and pleasant teaching environment, designing reasonable performance content and actively encouraging students to participate in various activities have become the key to cultivating and developing students' expressive force.
For example, learning the song "Dance of Youth", in order to enrich the performance of the song, I joined percussion to accompany the song, and I joined the lead singer, who is a literary and art committee member, singing a line from boys to girls, and the chorus part was shared by the whole class. Singing is a division of labor, and everyone has a responsibility. When each group can skillfully and harmoniously sing their own melodies, the second division of labor is carried out, so that students who like singing can perform on stage, students who like dancing can form a semicircle around their vocal classmates, other students play percussion bands, and the teacher plays the role of conductor to arouse everyone's enthusiasm for singing. Finally, Xinjiang dance is designed, which is easy to learn. Students sing and dance with the music of youth dance, so that all students can participate in the activities of expressing songs, which not only satisfies students' desire to express, but also effectively exercises students' ability to express. This kind of harmonious interaction between teachers and students, which involves all students, can make students who like to perform more boldly, and can also make students who are not good at performing get effective exercise, enhance their self-confidence and develop their expressive force.
Of course, the performance stage provided by classroom teaching is very limited, but how many students' self-confidence is not established through this small stage display? As a teacher, we should drive and influence students through our self-righteous singing, graceful dancing and elegant and dignified temperament, so that they can advocate, pursue and express beauty; Teachers should infect poor students with sincere feelings and inspiring words, and arrange the content of their performances reasonably according to the different characteristics of each student, so that each student can express himself easily and naturally within his power.
To cultivate students' expressive force, teachers should provide more study and expression space, and set up choirs and drama literature societies. Regular special exhibitions, cultural performances and art festivals are excellent opportunities to provide students with the ability to demonstrate, enhance their self-confidence and improve their expressive force. To cultivate students' expressive force, we should also pay attention to the cultivation of students' musical literacy, guide students to listen to and watch more performances, concerts and TV evenings, pay attention to observation, deeply understand the essence of different forms of artists' performances, understand the connotation of music and correctly express music.
The new music curriculum standard holds that music education takes aesthetics as the core and mainly affects people's emotional world. In music courses, appreciation is considered to be an effective way to cultivate students' musical aesthetic ability. Because music appreciation class has the most direct and concrete aesthetic value. "It takes certain music as the aesthetic object and people who participate in appreciation activities as the aesthetic subject, forming a special aesthetic view, and realizing the feeling and appreciation of the beauty of music through this auditory listening." Music aesthetic consciousness is a conscious activity based on music perception, emotional experience and aesthetic evaluation. "The aesthetic consciousness of music is based on the existence of the object first. Only the artistic beauty of music exists can there be the aesthetic consciousness of music. At the same time, the aesthetic subject, as a social practitioner, can only have the aesthetic feeling of music in the aesthetic concept of music art, and the beauty of music can become a real objective existence for him, and he can truly have the aesthetic consciousness of music. "
Therefore, how to cultivate students' music appreciation ability and improve every middle school student's music aesthetic taste and consciousness has become the central task of appreciation teaching.
How to Cultivate Music Appreciation Ability
Appreciation teaching plays an important role in cultivating students' ability to feel and appreciate music. The syllabus of middle school music teaching puts forward that music teaching should enlighten wisdom, cultivate sentiment, cultivate aesthetic taste and make students develop physically and mentally healthily. Understand the excellent folk music of all ethnic groups in China, and stimulate students' feelings of loving the music art of the motherland and their national pride and self-confidence. At the same time, we can learn about excellent foreign music works, broaden our horizons, and enable students to have certain music appreciation ability. So, how to cultivate students' appreciation ability when enjoying music?
1, the three stages of music appreciation
Music art is a social and cultural phenomenon. Different from other arts, composers only complete half of the music art when creating a work. It must also go through "creation", that is, performers, bands, conductors, and even the active participation of the audience. A musical work of art can be fully embodied, that is, it can actually act on the objective world and produce benefits to society.
Music appreciation has three stages, namely, sensory, emotional and rational stages. If we only pursue the beauty of melody, the vividness of rhythm and the sweetness of harmony, this is the first thing; Experiencing the joys and sorrows of music, distinguishing the expression of tonality, rhythm and syntax, the role of intonation and dynamics in music, the expression of harmony and the differences of timbre of various instruments, this is the second stage; The third stage, that is, real appreciation, is the stage of combining emotion with reason, that is, knowing what it is and why. Appreciators can be familiar with the musical structure, the style and genre characteristics of famous songs, and thus resonate with the composer's thoughts and feelings. Only by reaching this stage can we truly enter this magnificent music world. Bai Juyi, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, heard the pipa girl's performance and burst into tears. It was the music that felt the sadness of the pipa girl and thought of her wandering life after she was relegated. Tolstoy, the great Russian writer, was moved to tears when he heard Tchaikovsky's Andante, because he "touched the souls of the suffering people" from this work adapted from Russian peasant songs.
2. Appreciate the main task of teaching.
Improving the ability of music appreciation is the goal of appreciation teaching and one of the important tasks of music education. In the world of music, there is a complex state of truth, goodness, beauty and falsehood, evil and ugliness, and there are social phenomena in which classical music, folk music and pop music are mixed and have a strong commercial atmosphere. There are two deviations in music appreciation for students who are young and have low overall quality of music cultivation. One is the lack of understanding of China's outstanding national music, and the other is the narrow range of music appreciation of some students. This puts forward a severe task for the teaching of appreciation: facing all, cultivating quality and improving students' ability of music appreciation. Appreciation teaching should focus on true, good and beautiful music. Through positive education, students can establish correct aesthetic taste and aesthetic consciousness, gain certain music appreciation ability and enhance their immunity to those false, evil and ugly music. This process of raising students' intuitive perception and emotional experience to rational appreciation is actually a process of improving music appreciation from a higher level.
In the teaching of music appreciation, we should not only provide students with concrete excellent music works, but also provide them with necessary explanations and guidance. In extracurricular music activities, we should cultivate students' sentiment with beautiful music. Cultivate the spirit of pursuing truth, goodness and beauty. Make intimate friends with students after class, understand their interests in music, and guide their appreciation tendency with scientific and objective analysis. We should earnestly shoulder the responsibility of promoting national music, cultivating quality and educating people in an all-round way.
3. The formation of music appreciation ability
(1) Listen to and appreciate all kinds of music works.
The formation of music appreciation ability, first of all, is to listen to and appreciate music more. After listening more, you will understand naturally. This is a relative process. When you start to feel good, you should listen to it often. Of course, it may be just a vague initial feeling at first. If you continue to listen, you can gradually feel the changes and characteristics of music. It is best to be able to distinguish different characteristics of melody, rhythm and timbre, and at the same time understand the feelings and artistic conception expressed by music, then you can say that you understand music to some extent.
Listen to more music, but also listen to more kinds of music, and constantly expand your ability to appreciate music. As Copeland said, devoting to music means expanding interests, and it is not enough to just like traditional types of music. Interest, like sensitivity, is born to some extent, but both can be cultivated through wise practice. In other words, we should listen to all kinds of music in different periods, new and old, conservative and modern. This means listening as unbiased as possible. Listen to all kinds of music widely. On the one hand, it can enhance students' love and interest in music, and at the same time, it can also enable students to improve their music appreciation ability by comparing and discriminating music works. In a word, music is the art of sound. Only when the appreciator listens and appreciates by himself can he gradually gain the ability to appreciate music, and there is no other shortcut.
(b) Understand music.
In order to cultivate students' music appreciation energy, it is not only beneficial but also necessary to learn some music knowledge. In particular, we should appreciate some large and complex music works, such as symphonies, concertos, operas, etc., and learn as much music knowledge as possible. The range of music knowledge is very wide, and students can't master it all, which requires them to learn and master some basic music knowledge selectively. On the one hand, this knowledge is about music theory, such as scales and modes, themes and melodies, rhythms and beats, and reading music scores. Learning this knowledge of music theory does not require every student to make a rational and pure technical analysis of music, which is the task of music theorists; Instead, students are required to learn these theoretical knowledge in order to better feel and appreciate music. On the other hand, it is about the knowledge of music background, including the historical era of music works, the style and genre of music works, the composer's life experience, artistic path, creative personality and the creative intention of specific music works. Learning this knowledge is not for the conceptual analysis of musical works, but for students to understand not only the external sound form of musical works, but also the rich connotation of musical works through these musical knowledge, thus helping students to know and understand musical works more comprehensively and deeply.
(3) Improve cultural literacy and enrich life experience.
Music appreciation ability is an important part of cultural and artistic accomplishment, which largely determines the level of music appreciation ability. As a part of comprehensive art, some music works play an irreplaceable and unique role, such as the music part in movies, plays and dances. Some music works are re-created according to other literary and artistic themes. These musical works are closely related to some literary and artistic works, both in terms of theme and connotation. In this way, rich cultural and artistic accomplishment is more directly related to the understanding of this kind of music works. It can be said that the deeper and more detailed the feeling and understanding of all kinds of literary and artistic works, the better the appreciation and understanding of related music works will be. Of course, the role of cultural and artistic literacy in music appreciation is not limited to the appreciation of music works directly related to it, but has a great relationship with the appreciation of all music works including absolute music. In addition, the relationship between people's life experience and music appreciation is more direct and close, and rich life experience and emotional experience will be very conducive to the appreciation of music works. British musician Kirk took himself as an example and said: "My own understanding of Mozart's main works was (1) sweet music in my childhood; (2) Youth, excellent and elegant, but not profound music; (3) As an adult, beautiful and elegant music is filled with profound and exciting emotions. Here, I don't hesitate to say that in both cases (1) and (2), we are not understanding Mozart's music at all. " From this example, we can see that the life experience and emotional experience of the audience play an important role in music appreciation. But for today's middle school students, their life experience is naturally simple and their emotional experience is naturally simple, but teachers can ask them to enrich their life experience, constantly improve their ideological understanding and deepen their emotional experience, which is also an important aspect of gaining music appreciation ability.
In short, in order to cultivate students' good aesthetic taste and consciousness, and improve their musical expression and appreciation ability, it is necessary to listen to more music works of various types and styles; Second, we should learn the music knowledge of relevant departments; The third is to improve cultural literacy and enrich life experience. In the teaching of music appreciation, students' understanding of music works depends on the leading role of music teachers, cultivating students' good aesthetic consciousness and encouraging students to have independent feelings and opinions on the music they listen to; Second, we should give full play to students' main role and let them actively and consciously participate in, experience and understand music. Only in this way can we realize the vivid process of independence, exploration and communication in music teaching, and realize the all-round development process of students experiencing beauty, enriching emotions and promoting imagination.