However, the individual's body and mind are still very unstable, and polarization is easy to occur: emotional behavior is bipolar; "Middle school students are in a period of' big waves' of emotions and emotions, and the polarity of emotions and emotions is obvious.
Closed and open: closed to adults and open to peers; Rebellion: rebel against tradition and like to be unconventional. Adolescence is the most prone to psychological and behavioral problems. This is the basic psychological feature of teenagers, and grasping this feature plays a decisive role in our group mental health education.
In addition, it is necessary to combine the individual with the general, analyze the specific problems of individual students, follow the basic principles of psychology, and conduct good mental health education for groups and individuals.
(2) Respect students' personal dignity and treat students with an equal and democratic attitude. Communication between teachers and students should be equal and two-way. Educational practice shows that many students with mental health problems often can't accept themselves and feel their value. They can only accept themselves if they are accepted by others first; Only by being respected by others can we respect ourselves.
If teachers can't respect students, students will not feel self-esteem and mental health will not be effective. In the identification of students' psychological problems, we should adhere to the principle of combining scientific mental health standards with objective and scientific psychological abnormality identification methods. Under this principle, we should correctly grasp the normal psychological characteristics of primary and secondary school students and the law of development and change, and treat students' various behaviors correctly.
For example, hyperactivity, easy distraction and low self-control ability are the characteristics of primary school students, especially junior students. We can't simply treat ADHD as a problem and think that ADHD is ADHD, even ADHD. Understanding students deeply is the premise of finding, judging and solving students' psychological problems. In addition, we must carefully distinguish and treat students' psychological problems, and avoid labeling and commenting at will.
? (3) Developing education counseling. Consulting psychology should always follow the educational model, not the clinical, therapeutic or medical model. Customers are considered to be normal people who need help to cope with the pressures and tasks in daily life.
The task of consulting psychologists is to teach them to imitate certain strategies and new behaviors, so as to maximize their viability or form more appropriate resilience. It can be seen that psychological counselors are treated as normal people rather than patients. We may not be able to associate the counselor with the patient and treat him as a mental patient.
In psychological consultation, we should dilute psychological concepts, properly apply psychological principles and abandon the typical "paradigm" of a certain concept. At the same time, psychological counseling should not be confused with what we call "ideological work" every day It is necessary to use psychological principles and appropriate psychological counseling models to help counselors get out of the predicament.
(4) Establish scientific psychological files of students. One of the characteristics of students' psychological files is systematicness and coherence. Our mental health education is not a temporary need, but a long-term and systematic work. Establishing students' psychological files is conducive to the implementation of coherent follow-up education. It is convenient for us to make a comparative analysis by keeping the psychological status of students in each stage as files, so as to make a scientific education plan and realize the goal of mental health education.
Scientific students' psychological files can not only provide rich first-hand information for the research of psychology and pedagogy; But also can be used as a reliable index to evaluate students' physical and mental development and the effect of school education. Therefore, to carry out mental health education, students' psychological files should be established as much as possible, which is conducive to systematic and coherent mental health education.
Common psychological problems of primary school students:
(1) Excessive anxiety caused by competition between study and further education.
The higher the grade, the more serious the problem in this respect, but now there is a trend of younger age and lower grade. Some children have just entered school, and parents are concerned about whether their children can take the "double hundred" exam. Once the results are not satisfactory, they will be intimidated, scolded and hurt, which will cause great psychological pressure on children and lead students to regard learning as a kind of fear.
(2) Psychological contradictions and conflicts in communication.
Nowadays, most primary school students are only children, and many people have developed such bad tendencies as self-centeredness, indifference to others, strong dependence and intolerance of others since childhood. Moreover, the situation of being withdrawn and unsociable is also very serious, which makes them face great problems in dealing with interpersonal relationships. The proportion of primary school students suffering from interpersonal conflicts is quite large, and they often suffer from school phobia, walking, suicide and other diseases due to the tension and conflict between classmates.
(3) Psychological contradictions and conflicts caused by lack of understanding and communication with parents and teachers.
It is difficult for primary and middle school students to communicate with their parents and teachers, and the lack of necessary understanding between them is also an important factor causing their psychological problems. With the growth of students' age, this kind of conflict is more prominent after entering adolescence, which makes them generally feel depressed, depressed, helpless and irritable. On the one hand, they especially want their parents and teachers to understand their ideas and practices.
On the other hand, our parents and teachers, apart from caring about them materially and demanding them from their studies, cannot seriously and objectively understand their thoughts and feelings and understand their difficulties. In educational practice, teachers often encounter students who are troubled by difficulties in communicating with parents and teachers to seek help, and some students even cry, which shows their great psychological pressure.