Postgraduate education is of great significance for cultivating high-level innovative talents. In the past 10 years, the postgraduate education in China was based on? Moral education, service demand, quality improvement, pursuit of Excellence? Taking this as the main line of work, we will implement two rounds of comprehensive reforms, accelerate the construction of a big country in postgraduate education, ensure the quality of postgraduate education as a whole, and cultivate a phalanx of innovative talents, which will provide strong talent support for the development of the party and the country.
Highlight ratio
There are more than 800 postgraduate training units.
The data shows that since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the discipline structure and personnel training structure of postgraduate education in China have been continuously improved, and more than 800 postgraduate training units across the country have sent more than 600,000 doctors and 6.5 million masters to the main battlefield of economic and social development. Guided by service demand, the structure of postgraduate education is more optimized and the professional system in China is more perfect. A number of first-class disciplines and professional degree categories, such as cyberspace security, integrated circuit science and engineering, and traditional Chinese medicine, have been added, and a catalogue of disciplines and majors covering 14 discipline, 165438 first-class discipline and 47 professional degree categories has been formed, covering the main fields of national economic and social development.
The classified culture system is more perfect. While steadily developing degrees, we will vigorously develop professional degrees. The proportion of people awarded master's degree increased from 35% in 20 12 to 58% in 200212, and the proportion of people awarded doctor's degree increased from 5.8% to 9%. Professional degrees and academic degrees are equally important, and the concept of classified development is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.
Key disciplines have been continuously strengthened. The number of doctoral programs in science, engineering, agriculture and medicine increased from 20 12 years to 2575; ? Double first class? Under construction, science, engineering, agriculture and medicine account for 78.5%. The discipline construction of philosophy and social sciences has been continuously strengthened. Oracle Bone Inscriptions and other groups with important cultural values? An unpopular school? Be passed down and carried forward.
According to Hong Dayong, director of the Department of Degree Management and Postgraduate Education of the Ministry of Education, during the period of 10, postgraduate education innovated in interdisciplinary fields. ? New interdisciplinary categories are added, the methods of setting up and managing interdisciplinary subjects are introduced, and institutional arrangements are made for the development of interdisciplinary subjects. More than 200 degree-granting units independently set up more than 700 interdisciplinary points such as artificial intelligence, big data, new energy and double carbon. ? Hong Dayong said,? At the same time, the regional layout is constantly optimized. Serving the world's important talent centers and the construction of innovative highlands, the doctoral programs in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area account for 27.6% of the country; To serve the strategy of developing the western region, through the support of preferential policies, we will promote the proportion of doctoral-authorized universities in the western region to reach and slightly exceed the national average. ?
It is worth noting that the mode of integration of science and education and integration of production and education in postgraduate training is more mature, and the pattern of joint training of universities, research institutes and high-level enterprises has gradually taken shape. These include: building 108 joint training demonstration base for engineering degree graduates; Master of Exploration Agriculture? Science and technology compound? The education mode has promoted the construction of more than 300 small science and technology colleges in colleges and universities across the country; Deepening the reform of training clinical medical talents through the cooperation between doctors and teachers. Four certificates in one? This training mode has been widely recognized by employers and graduate students. In addition, the development system of graduate tutors has been continuously improved, and the number of tutors has increased from 298,000 in 2065,438+02 to 557,000 in 2026,5438+0. Structure optimization and quality improvement have established a three-level tutor training system with national typical demonstration, provincial key guarantee and full coverage of training units.
Improve quality
In order to inject climbing power into innovation.
Yang Wei, President of China Academic Degree and Postgraduate Education Society, has many years of postgraduate education management experience. In his view, the past 10 year was 10 year for the great development of graduate education in China, which opened up a talent pool for the country's rapid development. ? The development of postgraduate education in China in recent years is reflected in the expansion of doctoral students, especially the expansion of doctoral students in science and engineering, which has attracted worldwide attention. ? Yang Wei also pointed out that the scale expansion of postgraduate education was completed on the premise of attaching importance to quality, which injected climbing power into innovation. ? In 2007, the quality project of graduate education was started, and the number of graduate students was carefully controlled, 20 10? During 20021,the annual growth rate of degree conferring decreased by more than 10 percentage points compared with the previous 30 years. In order to promote quality control, the degree examination has gradually changed from a tutor licensing system that reflects the relationship between tutors and apprentices to a tutor group licensing system that includes several graduate tutors, and then into a blind examination subject licensing system. ?
Quality is the lifeline of postgraduate education, and the loss of quality will lead to blood loss in postgraduate education. In fact, in the past 10 years, the training reform of postgraduate education has been comprehensively deepened with improving quality as the core. ? Deep development since 20 19? Degree squeeze? Action, strengthen quality supervision in the whole process. Continue to carry out the qualification identification of degree points, 20 14? 202 1 year canceled 103 degree authorization points, and rectified within a time limit 196 degree authorization points. Intensify the sampling inspection of doctoral dissertations, and the quality awareness of tutors and graduate students has been continuously improved. ? Hong Dayong said.
To improve the quality of postgraduate education, universities are at the forefront. In Peking University, through the solid development of strong foundation plan, mathematics talent class, physics outstanding talent training plan, etc. , design? 3+X？ Students with excellent academic performance and remarkable achievements in scientific research and training can directly enter the postgraduate training stage at the end of the third year of undergraduate course. At the same time, increase the input of resources and strengthen the support and guarantee for basic disciplines. In Tsinghua University, the school pays attention to strengthening exchanges and cooperation with internationally renowned universities in the field of engineering, so as to enhance the ability to independently cultivate high-level talents. In the past 10 year, Tsinghua University has successively established 25 joint training degree programs with world-renowned universities, among which 7 training programs with Yale University and other universities in the United States have won awards from the National Scholarship Fund Committee? International cooperation training program for innovative talents? Support. 20 17 Tsinghua University cooperates with the three major nuclear power groups? International personnel training in nuclear power engineering and management? The project has trained a group of outstanding engineers with global competitiveness.
? The contribution of scientific research is more prominent. In recent years, among the newly-added academicians and the first winners of the three highest national science and technology awards, about two-thirds of the doctors trained independently in China; Among the key project members of the National Natural Science Foundation, more than 50% are graduate students and more than 30% are doctoral students. ? Hong Dayong said.
striving for excellence
Accelerate the construction of a first-class university system
? Double first class? The construction of colleges and universities is the first phalanx of China's higher education, the main force of cultivating basic research talents and the fresh force of scientific and technological innovation talents. ? Double first class? The construction of colleges and universities undertakes the task of training more than 80% doctoral students and nearly 60% master students in China. /kloc-in the past 0/0 years, the structure of postgraduate education system has been further improved, and the goal of pursuing Excellence is to accelerate the construction of a first-class university system.
Introduced and trained a number of world-class scientists and leading talents. The proportion of full-time teachers with doctoral degrees will increase from 60% in 20 15 to 72% in 2020. Constantly improve the ability to attract overseas talents and introduce a group of top international scholars.
The ability to support high-level scientific and technological self-reliance has been significantly enhanced. ? Double first class? The construction of colleges and universities has continuously made important breakthroughs in basic research and original innovation, tackling key core technologies and serving the country's major strategic needs, and achieved a series of important achievements such as the world's first modular high-temperature gas-cooled reactor with grid-connected power generation and the first large-scale cutter suction dredging equipment in China. Jianshe University won the first prize of the National Natural Science Award for three consecutive years. 1 1 comes from Jianshe University among the main supporting units of the 23 national science and technology progress award innovation teams.
The leading role of the prosperity and development of philosophy and social sciences is more prominent. Forty-seven Chinese excellent traditional cultural heritage bases have been built in universities across the country, and a number of major academic research projects have made substantial progress. High-level foreign cooperation and exchanges are deepening. There are 765 cooperative education institutions, 438+0 cooperative education projects and 276 cooperative education projects, and dozens of international cooperative joint laboratories have been established with foreign universities and scientific research institutions in the fields of biomedicine, environmental ecology and so on.
Leading and driving the overall development of higher education in China. ? Double first class? The construction has promoted the construction of 4 10 local high-level universities and 1387 local superior disciplines, and a high-quality first-class university and first-class discipline construction system is taking shape. Hong Dayong said, after unremitting efforts, it is double-class? The first round of construction has achieved the phased goal, and several universities have gradually ranked among the world-class universities, and several disciplines such as materials science and engineering have entered the forefront of world-class disciplines, laying a solid foundation for building a powerful country in higher education.
? Learning and using for reference is the only way to build a world-class university, but reflection and creation are the foundation of building a world-class university. ? Hong Dayong stressed that in the new round? Double first class? In the process of construction, we are committed to optimizing the layout of disciplines, deepening the reform of evaluation and resolutely eliminating them? Wuwei? , resolutely do not run schools around various popular rankings, resolutely highlight contribution, innovation, quality and efficiency, give full play to the role of basic research and major scientific and technological breakthroughs in colleges and universities, and strive to build an independent knowledge system.