Herbart (1776 ~ 184 1), a famous psychologist and educator in modern Germany, is known as "the father of modern pedagogy" and "the founder of scientific pedagogy" in the history of world education. It has a far-reaching impact on the development of education in Europe and America.

Core knowledge and elaboration

General Pedagogy (1806), the masterpiece of the famous German educator Herbart, marks that pedagogy has officially become an independent normative discipline.

1. A book

The publication of General Pedagogy marks that pedagogy is finally truly independent!

2. Two foundations

Writing general pedagogy is based on two foundations: philosophical ethics and psychology.

3. Three major centers

Put forward three traditional centers, namely "teacher center, classroom center and teaching material center".

Attach importance to knowledge and the role of teachers, ignoring students' subjectivity.

4. Four-stage teaching method

Herbart put forward four stages of teaching process: clarity, association, system and method.

5. Educational principles

"No teaching makes no education, no teaching makes no education", and any teaching is education. This is the educational principle of teaching.

6. Educational teleology

In terms of curriculum, Herbart belongs to the "knowledge-centered" curriculum theory school.

In terms of educational purpose, it belongs to the educational purpose view of "social standard theory"

Herbart's educational thought not only reflects the requirements of capitalist development, but also reflects the characteristics of feudal countries. Today, it is not completely scientific, and its education system is full of speculation and mystery. Many discussions are also mechanical and one-sided.

However, compared with the theories of their predecessors, it has undoubtedly made great progress on the road of science. Herbart, as a representative of traditional education, emphasizes three centers: classroom, books and teachers. His educational theory reflects the development level of educational theory in the period of capitalist establishment. After 1970s, Herbart and Herbart School's educational thoughts have long dominated the school education reform in many countries in the world.