Keywords secondary vocational school students' ideological and moral countermeasures
The thought of man's all-round development is an important part of Socialism with Chinese characteristics's theoretical system. Realizing people's all-round development is the highest realm of people's liberation and the fundamental task and ultimate goal of ideological and political education. Ideological and political education is not only the need of people's own development, but also the need of social development. It has always been an important part of school education. As a part of school education, vocational colleges shoulder the heavy responsibility of cultivating national builders with various skills. Therefore, it is particularly important to strengthen and innovate ideological and political education in higher vocational colleges according to Marxist theory of all-round development of human beings. Today, with the full implementation of quality education, vocational education, as an important form of quality education, objectively requires us to integrate theory with practice and carry out ideological education for students pragmatically and efficiently. The work of the head teacher really makes me feel that management is impossible without students' ideological education; If ideological education is not in place, management can hardly be effective. To manage students well, we must first do a good job in students' ideological education. I will talk about the contents and methods of ideological education for secondary vocational school students based on my own work practice.
First, the ideological and moral status of students in secondary vocational schools today
Nowadays, secondary vocational school students, different from high school students of the same age, have clearer goals and more professional learning contents, and will enter the society earlier than high school students and end their school study career. The same age and different educational environment determine that the ideological and political education of secondary vocational school students should not and cannot continue the ideological and political education of senior high school students. Under the condition of market economy, secondary vocational school students only pursue the practicability of technology, and often ignore the fundamentality of ideological and political education, which is mainly manifested in "five losses" and "five differences":
(A) Behavior anomie: poor behavior habits and self-control. There are "four noes": not caring for public property, and campus doors and windows, tables and chairs, railings and flower beds are damaged from time to time. Do not cherish public health, on campus, melon seeds, peels, scraps of paper and discarded plastic bottles can be seen everywhere; In the classroom, the desks are littered with rubbish. Do not pay attention to public influence, make loud noises in public places such as stadiums and cinemas, and "suspenders" and "slippers" challenge campus culture. Don't respect the teacher, don't take the initiative to greet the teacher, and don't cooperate with the teacher's education management department.
(2) Lack of confidence: poor learning foundation and learning ability. Some secondary vocational school students have not formed good study habits, nor have they found suitable learning methods, and they lack learning motivation. The chaos of "learning badly is because you can't learn, and learning badly is because you don't want to learn" has formed. They are tired of learning and gradually form a vicious circle in their study. The less you work hard, the worse your grades are, the more you want to give up and fall into the strange circle of "repeated defeats and repeated wars".
(3) Psychological imbalance: poor psychological quality and endurance.
Secondary vocational school students are mostly vulnerable groups that are often neglected in basic education, and their scores divide them into three grades, six grades and nine grades. However, poor students from primary school to junior high school are often accused by teachers and parents and discriminated by "top students" because of their poor academic performance. They lack a sense of superiority, and over time they form depression and inferiority. Under this psychological effect, when their autonomy is ignored or their personality extension is hindered, they are at a loss, weird and rebellious, and even show their anxiety with excessive behavior, such as skipping classes, contradicting teachers, fighting and other violations to attract the attention of teachers and parents.
(d) Emotional out of control: poor self-discipline and willpower. Psychologically, secondary vocational school students think that they are about to come out to work and are half "social people". They pursue the "ID" existing in their inner world, focus on self-discovery and care about their own existence. Think of yourself as an "adult", eager to have equal social status and power with adults, and oppose subordination and authoritative interference. Get rid of psychological dependence on parents and want to appear as an independent personality. Due to the rapid development of physiology and psychology, they are faced with many contradictions and puzzles under the premise of lack of preparation. They are often in anxiety, and when they encounter dissatisfaction or injustice, they are prone to sudden emotional loss of control. For example, in employment, some students feel depressed after several unsuccessful interviews and lose the courage to interview again; Although some students have confessed, they don't like poor working conditions or encounter some difficulties, so they want to quit, or even leave their jobs to go back to school or go home.
(e) Consumption loss: poor self-management and restraint. As the saying goes: "Life is measured. If it is wrong, it will be a loss. If it is bad, it will be surplus. If it is good, it will be the golden mean." However, some secondary vocational school students do not put their time and energy into their studies, but focus on "things outside their bodies". They waste money and spend too much money. Generally, they are high-end food, brand-name clothes and mass entertainment. They are ignorant and show off by comparing themselves with others. In terms of consumption, we advocate four orientations: catering consumption should be in line with advertisements, clothing consumption should be in line with celebrities, entertainment consumption should be in line with fashion, and human consumption should be in line with adults.
It is not difficult to see that students in contemporary secondary vocational schools have the following contradictions:
(A) the contradiction between ideal and reality: the ideal is very full, the reality is very backbone, once the university dream has become distant, and the disillusionment of the dream makes them decadent.
(2) The contradiction between independence and dependence: they pursue self-independence and development, without interference from teachers and parents, but they are immature and rely on the guidance and education of adults; The economy is not independent and cannot be separated from the family's economic support; Life can't take care of itself, and parents are still a powerful haven. When they encounter small difficulties and setbacks in society, they will return to the greenhouse.
(3) The contradiction between self-esteem and inferiority: Before entering the secondary vocational school, they positioned themselves as "poor students" in front of top students because of their relatively backward grades; In front of relatives and friends, it is a "problem student"; In society, they look like "gangsters". Poor academic performance and dim ideals lead to broken pots and falls, loss of self-esteem and inferiority.
Second, vocational students' ideological and moral construction countermeasures
Doing a good job in students' ideological and political work is the primary task of personnel training in secondary vocational schools, which is determined by the inevitable requirement of comprehensively improving the educational effectiveness of secondary vocational schools. In view of the ideological status and unique contradictory mentality of students in secondary vocational schools, we should seize the opportunity to educate students in ideological and moral education, and through the measures of "1, 2, 3, 4, 5", we will transport technical professionals who attach importance to knowledge, ability and morality to the society.
First, focus on "one goal"
The goal of moral education is the starting point and destination of moral education. On February 20 14, the Ministry of Education revised the Outline of Moral Education in Secondary Vocational Schools promulgated in 2004, and made it clear that the goal of moral education in secondary vocational schools is to train students to be qualified socialist citizens who love the party, have dreams, abide by the law, have good moral quality and civilized behavior habits, and become high-quality workers who are dedicated, honest, friendly, socially responsible, innovative and practical.
Whether the goal of moral education is realized or not depends on whether the student education management team puts the work into practice. All management departments of the school are important participants in the management of students' education. The head teacher is a direct participant in student education and management, and also a supervisor of various student activities. It plays an important role in the education and management of students. Therefore, the head teacher should adhere to the people-oriented principle, improve students' ideological and moral and professional skills as the starting point, and strive to practice the educational concept of "laying a solid foundation for students' career development and lifelong learning" to promote students' all-round development and skills improvement.
Second, stick to walking on two legs.
Students' management team and teachers' teaching team are the backbone of implementing students' ideological and political work. The two complement each other and are indispensable. These two groups are like two legs of a person. Only by fully mobilizing the enthusiasm of the two groups, strengthening exchanges and cooperation between them, and forming a good situation of joint management of the whole school, can the goal of "striding forward" in students' ideological and political work be realized.
"Student Management Team" is the management team of "Student Ideological and Political Management Department-Student Cadres-Class". The ideological and political departments of students focus on education and training, and student cadres implement management methods and means in class management, which ensures the orderly work of students.
"Teacher teaching team" is to improve students' ideological level and comprehensive ability through teacher teaching. Carry out ideological and political education, moral education, legal education, occupation and occupation ideal education and mental health education for students, improve their ideological and political quality, professional ethics and legal quality, and promote their all-round development and the formation of comprehensive professional ability.
Third, actively carry out "three-self education"
"Self-management ability of secondary vocational school students" is mainly manifested in the psychological consciousness and behavioral ability of promoting individuals to adapt to social development in the process of discovering self-value, exploring their own potential, establishing self-development goals, controlling their own behaviors and realizing free development. "Three-self education" is three levels to cultivate students' self-management ability in secondary vocational schools, and its main contents are "self-management education", "self-cultivation education" and "free development education".
The first level is students' "self-management" education. Mainly to educate students on "self-care, self-discipline and self-motivation" and cultivate their independent spirit and will.
The first is the cultivation of self-care ability. Classes can regularly organize inspection and evaluation activities such as washing clothes, folding quilts, housekeeping in dormitories, and classroom environment layout, so as to cultivate students' practical ability and collective concept.
The second is the cultivation of behavior self-discipline ability. Most students who enter secondary vocational schools have a thin cultural foundation, scattered behavior habits, great differences in psychological personality and weak self-discipline ability. To complete the transformation from junior high school students to secondary vocational school students, we should be guided by adult thinking in thought and constrained by the norms of primary school students in behavior. Improve the level of behavior evaluation through inspection and quantitative assessment, and gradually change from heteronomy to self-discipline.
The third is "self-motivation" psychological education. There are not only factors such as growth environment, family economy and cultural background, but also factors such as long-term backward academic performance and discrimination in secondary vocational schools. A considerable number of students lack self-confidence in their learning knowledge, their living conditions are passive, and their self-discipline and control ability are insufficient. It is particularly important to carry out self-motivation education for secondary vocational school students and establish their determination of career goals and their yearning for future life.
(2) The second level is students' "self-cultivation" education. It is mainly to educate students on "self-respect, self-love and self-respect", requiring students to improve themselves morally, pursue progress ideologically and be kind and self-love in communication.
The first is to play the guiding role of external factors. Cultivation is the formation, development and performance of students in self-education activities. We should make full use of radio, television, newspapers, blackboard newspapers, billboards and other propaganda tools, and take various forms such as special topics, lectures, theme meetings, watching movies, visiting exhibitions, holding knowledge contests and essay competitions to organize students to visit and practice, experience social life, pursue truth, goodness and beauty, cultivate noble sentiments and constantly improve their awareness of self-education. Let the values of honesty and trustworthiness, respecting teachers and loving schools, obeying rules and disciplines, and unity and honesty become the standards of "self-cultivation" education.
The second is to play the leading role of internal factors. Students can be guided to strengthen their self-cultivation by keeping a diary, establishing a motto, reading books and introspection according to their own plans. Let students combine the cultivation of self-management ability with personal success and hobbies, closely link colorful activities with lofty ideals, and strengthen the exercise and formation of personality quality.
(3) The third level is the "free development" education for students. "Everyone's free and all-round development" is the embodiment of the highest social value in China in the new period, and "individual's free development" is also the greatest embodiment of the value and significance of life and the highest realm of life development.
The core of "free development" education is to cultivate and educate students' independent consciousness and free will. The main content is to educate students on life planning and career planning and design, which can educate students to actively pay attention to their own life planning and design, organize internships in a planned way, exercise skills, broaden their horizons and increase their experience through scientific curriculum, active and effective classroom practice and rich and beneficial team activities. Cultivate their confidence and courage to face the society independently from campus, educate them to establish a correct outlook on life and values, set up scientific lofty ideals and ambitions, hone their will, strengthen their beliefs, and ask them to dare to take responsibility and be a person who contributes to society and family.
Fourth, the "four combinations" should be realized.
(A) the effective combination of ideological and political work and theoretical classroom.
Classroom theoretical study is the basis of ideological and political work. Especially in ideological and political courses, we should avoid two extremes, pay attention to three and optimize four.
Extreme one: "balloon blowing" classroom teaching. Some teachers only teach knowledge and problem-solving skills in a single form, while students get temporary knowledge expansion and problem-solving skills improvement, and most of them are returned to teachers after the exam, which is a "balloon-blowing" classroom teaching. Students are like balloons. During the study, the teacher kept blowing into the students' "balloons" until they floated in the air to a certain extent. Slowly, the balloon deflated and the students' minds were still empty.
Extreme two: "onion-style" classroom teaching. The teaching content of ideological and political course itself is rather boring. In order to attract students' attention, teachers adopted a variety of teaching methods, but they accidentally turned into "onion-style" classroom teaching, that is, various teaching methods took turns, but the real teaching content was not seen. Just like peeling onions layer by layer, there has never been a valuable "core". What students get is the fun of class, not the essence of learning.
Pay attention to "taking care of each other from beginning to end", whether it is situational introduction or classroom summary, it is accompanied by training; Pay attention to "appropriate difficulty" and "pick peaches" in combination with students' cognitive level; Pay attention to "various forms" and organically combine questioning, retelling, oral examination, written examination and debate, but it is not a flood.
Optimize the "knowledge structure" and make clear the cognitive ability, the key points of ideological education and the key points of skill training; Optimize the "time structure" and reasonably allocate the time for reading, discussion, speech and practice; Optimize the "information structure", "teaching-learning" information is two-way, teachers and students actively interact and cooperate tacitly; Optimize the "training structure" and optimize the training content, methods and steps.
(B) the effective combination of ideological and political work and classroom practice.
Practice teaching should embody "people-oriented". Practice teaching is an important breakthrough to improve the pertinence and effectiveness of ideological and political theory teaching and an effective way to improve the ideological and political quality of secondary vocational school students. In order to implement the teaching objectives, tasks and measures of ideological and political work, ensure the enhancement, improvement and sustainability of the effectiveness of ideological and political education, and maximize the comprehensive ability and educational effect of various educational resources in the implementation of ideological and political education, we must strengthen the practical teaching of ideological and political theory courses and strengthen the practical teaching process of "taking students as the main body, taking practice as the center and taking society as the platform".
Practice teaching should embody "internalized practice". Ideological and political work should integrate the school's student management, students' ideological and political work, students' campus cultural activities and teaching resources of ideological and political theory courses to form a joint force; Integrate the existing moral education resources of the school, with the help of professional training conditions, let students complete the practical teaching of ideological and political courses simultaneously in professional training; In the process of professional skills training, students can experience and improve their political quality, ideological quality, moral quality, legal quality and psychological quality at the same time, which embodies the effective mode of practical teaching of ideological and political theory course of "practical experience" and "internalized practice".
Practice teaching should embody "characteristic classroom". Relying on the Youth League Committee, vigorously carry out the characteristic second classroom activities. The Youth League Committee of the school is an important carrier of ideological and political education, campus culture and social practice. At the same time, the Youth League Committee should rely on student associations to do a good job in the construction of the second classroom, with the goal of improving students' professional quality and the guidance of improving students' comprehensive quality, and cultivate students' personal sentiment, practical ability, innovation ability, employment ability and entrepreneurial ability. Bring forth the old and bring forth the new, so that the second classroom can truly become a stage for students to cultivate their abilities and display their talents. At the same time, organize students to "enter the enterprise", personally feel the enterprise employment standards, clarify the learning direction, enhance the learning motivation, and self-discipline according to professional ethics; Mobilize students to actively participate in voluntary service activities, cultivate a sense of mission and responsibility to contribute to society, and feel the true meaning of "I contribute, I am happy"; Encourage students to take part-time internships during holidays, learn about society, experience life, feel the requirements of moral education in social practice classes, find their own "shortcomings" in moral education and professional skills, and exercise themselves more pertinently.
(C) the effective combination of ideological and political work and students' daily ideological education.
Attach importance to entrance education. In the military training of freshmen, we should be strict with requirements, be diligent in management, strengthen the concept of discipline and cultivate the sense of unity. At the same time, carry out education on learning manuals, knowledge systems and knowledge majors to help freshmen establish their career ideals and goals.
Grasp the theme education. For all students, use festivals and anniversaries to carry out patriotism and collectivism education. Use flag-raising ceremony and special lectures to carry out special education, and determine different educational themes in different grades. Through class meetings and league meetings, it will be serialized, integrated, scientific, long-term and institutionalized, thus improving students' ideological understanding.
Grasp regular education. The first is to create a strong learning atmosphere. Use political lessons, slogans, campus broadcasts, electronic screens, speeches and other forms to publicize the typical deeds of advanced figures inside and outside the school. The second is to enrich educational methods. Through various forms such as student meetings, class meetings, student union meetings, class cadre meetings, and individual heart-to-heart talks with students, the importance of studying hard and improving skills is emphasized to stimulate students' consciousness and initiative in learning. The third is to train outstanding student cadres. Actively explore the student management mode, attach importance to the guidance and management of student union cadres, and do a good job in the selection of student cadres. It is necessary to strengthen the education and training of student cadres, regularly train the main cadres of the student union, continuously improve the management level of student cadres, strengthen the management of student cadres, and establish a good image of student cadres. Fourth, carry out a number of appraisal activities to stimulate students' sense of participation and ownership, cultivate students' sense of collectivism and social responsibility, and enrich and standardize students' study and extracurricular life. For example, dormitory layout evaluation, classroom layout evaluation, civilized class collective evaluation, civilized individual evaluation and so on. , but also to carry out targeted reporting or display activities of students' professional basic skills.
(4) Effective combination of ideological and political work and family education.
Family education runs through the whole process of people's all-round development, which not only has an important impact on people's life, but also has an all-round impact on people's development. Family education is enlightening, friendly, lifelong and authoritative. Family ideological and political education is the premise and foundation of school ideological and political education, and it is an important supplement and extension of family ideological and political education. Only when schools and parents form a United front of ideological and political education can we cultivate students with all-round development in morality, intelligence and physique. To do two "abandon" and three "play".
Abandon the educational concept of "attaching importance to material care and neglecting spiritual care" and the "score-only theory" of "getting middle points and neglecting moral education"
Give play to the continuous role of family education and establish the concept of lifelong education; Give full play to the guiding role of family education and light the parents' enlightenment lights in time; To give full play to the supervisory role of family education, it is necessary to embody both flexible guidance and rigid guidance.
Five, grasp the "five key" work
(a) training leading geese
Student cadres are the backbone of students and the bridge and link between teachers and students. It is an important force for schools to implement education and management. The effectiveness and quality of student cadres' work is directly related to the realization of the goal of ideological and political work in schools. Advocate student cadres to establish three kinds of consciousness and cultivate one kind of ability:
Establish political awareness. Student cadres are sharper than ordinary students ideologically and politically, and can consciously listen to the teachings of the Party and the League, and stress learning, politics and healthy trends. We should constantly strengthen the ideological and political cultivation of student cadres and improve the level of ideological theory and policy.
Establish a sense of responsibility. Responsibility, recognizing people's share; When people perform their duties and assume responsibilities, they must do what they should do. Student cadres can not only get close to their classmates, but also meet their urgent needs and needs. We should also reflect problems to organizations and teachers in time, and put forward, analyze and solve problems from a certain height.
Establish service consciousness. We should take serving students as the foothold of student cadres' work and truly realize the purpose of "all for students, all for students, all for students". At the same time, in learning and carrying out various activities, we should embody the consciousness of integration, promotion and innovation, and give full play to the influence, cohesion and driving force of student cadres.
Cultivate working ability. Pay attention to cultivating student cadres' communication ability, organization and management ability, decision-making innovation ability, improvisation ability and teamwork ability. They are "they are like eagles, and the team is like geese", and they are the new forces that "can come at the call, can fight when they come, and win the battle".
(B) grasp the direction of public opinion
Only by forming a correct public opinion in the whole school can students clearly distinguish right from wrong, good and evil, beauty and ugliness, enhance positive energy, suppress evil and promote good, and resist the erosion of bad thoughts and habits, and the class can have great educational power. "Sneaking into the night with the wind, moistening things silently", the campus is an important place for teachers and students to live in school and an important source that affects the quality of learning. Schools should consciously use the hidden mechanism of the campus to tap the educational content, such as devoting themselves to the greening, purification and fragrance construction of the campus; Set up class meeting, study garden, work corner, reading corner, honor roll, wisdom tree, celebrity statue and other cultural and educational projects. Create a humanistic atmosphere of "life dialogue" so that every wall can speak, thus improving the cultural environment quality of teachers and students' school life.
(C) to strengthen behavior training
The cultivation of civilized behavior lies in the accumulation of ordinary things, and positive reinforcement is the key to behavior education. Take the class as a unit, carry out ideological and political work from three aspects.
First, incorporate behavior education into class meetings and turn students' behavior education into purposeful, planned and persistent activities.
Second, establish a supervision team, equipped with full-time student cadres, so that students' behavior can be managed at designated points.
Third, lead by example, lead by example. Give full play to the appeal of role models, stimulate students to consciously compare with role models, carry forward their advantages, overcome their shortcomings, correct bad behaviors, and gradually develop towards role models.
(D) the transformation of underachievers
Strengthening the transformation education of underachievers is the unshirkable responsibility of every educator, and it is also a difficult problem to be solved urgently. Ideological and political work plays a special role in transforming the moral concepts of underachievers and cultivating their ideological and moral qualities. Bloom, an American educational psychologist, said: "The reason for the formation of underachievers is the accumulation of teaching food." In class, they seldom participate in the teaching process. In terms of nouns, they are always in the bottom, and in terms of ideological evaluation, they are always on the verge of passing. Inattention in school leads to poor grades, and the halo effect of poor grades leads to the student being easily labeled as poor in behavior and quality, while the students with poor grades, poor behavior and poor quality are even more reluctant to go to school and become a thorn in the teacher's side and a black sheep in the class. Internal factors determine external factors, and the only breakthrough of this strange circle is to influence "internal factors", strengthen ideological and political education, and form a virtuous circle of "correct thinking, strong self-motivation, improved grades and more confidence".
(5) Democratic Management Course
Tao Xingzhi also specifically talked about four benefits of autonomy in Student Autonomy: "First, student autonomy can be an experiment of self-cultivation ethics. Second, student autonomy can meet the needs of students. Third, students' autonomy can assist the progress of the subject. Fourth, student autonomy can promote student experience. "
Democratic management is embodied in democratic elections. That is, the class committee cadres, class representatives, players, excellent students and advanced students all adopt democratic elections. Through reasonable procedures, students can vote by themselves and produce their own satisfied "elected representatives".
Democratic management is embodied in democratic decision-making. Students are the masters of the class. Class affairs, such as class development goals, management regulations, activity organization, class fees, etc. , should be implemented on the basis of students' collective discussion, eliminating differences and unifying opinions.
Democratic management course is embodied in democratic evaluation. In order to achieve objective, fair, reliable and comprehensive evaluation, individual evaluation must be combined with group evaluation. As a member of the class, the head teacher should also be included in the evaluation of the group. For collective evaluation, students should take the initiative to participate, and all faculty and staff should participate.
Secondary vocational education highlights its unique "professionalism" and shoulders the heavy responsibility of cultivating social talents, cultivating students' professional quality and moral education. Ideological and political education should be infiltrated into other education, closely linked with other education, with the basic goal of improving the professional ethics of secondary vocational school students and cultivating students' correct behavior habits and sound personality. Only by strictly implementing the measures of "1, 2, 3, 4 and 5" can vocational schools better transport technical professionals who attach importance to knowledge, ability and morality.
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