In recent years, the image of Little Shenyang has frequently appeared on the stage of China operas and TV plays, which has aroused the interest of the audience. Because these are all literary and artistic works, it is inevitable that there are elements of "joking" and artistic processing. What is the small Shenyang in history? This paper intends to reveal its "true face" based on the archives of the Qing Dynasty.
The best of the children of the Eight Banners.
Small Shenyang, the word cow, was born in Qianlong fifteen years. He was born in Zhenghongqi, Manchuria, a middle-level military attache family. His fifth ancestor, Niya Hana Batulu, won the position of the third-class captain of the Qing Dynasty because of his outstanding achievements in the battle of the Qing army entering the customs. My father Chang Bao is the deputy commander-in-chief of Fujian Province.
When I was a child, I received the enlightenment education from a private school teacher at home with my brother and Lin. At the age of ten, he was selected to study in Xian 'an Palace. Little Shenyang has a wide range of knowledge and strong memory, which not only improves the level of Manchu and Chinese characters, but also learns Mongolian and Tibetan, laying a solid foundation for him to master Chinese, Manchu, Mongolian and Tibetan in the future. Small Shenyang's calligraphy, poetry and painting have also been improved to varying degrees. Among many children of the Eight Banners, Xiao Shenyang is the best.
Little Shenyang Qianlong ascended the throne in thirty-four years. He is 20 years old and has inherited the title of third-class captain. In the second year, Xiao Shenyang passed the provincial examination and was not promoted. At the age of 23, he was awarded the third-class bodyguard and took over the baton, that is, he lived in Shangyu and was responsible for the ceremonial matters such as the emperor's inspection. Soon, he was transferred to Luan Yiwei as a bodyguard and had the opportunity to get close to the emperor. In the past 40 years, Xiao Shenyang was promoted to the imperial guard and the deputy commander-in-chief of the Qing Dynasty.
Six times a year, promoted to the peak of my career.
In the first month of forty-one years, at that time, 27-year-old Xiao Shenyang served as the right assistant minister of the household department, assisting Shangshu in managing laws and regulations such as land, fields, household registration and wealth valley; In March of that year, military affairs ministers began to set foot in central government affairs; In April, he served as Director of Internal Affairs; In August, he was transferred to deputy commander-in-chief of Huang Qi; 165438+ 10, I became the deputy curator of the National Museum of History, and I was honored to wear the crown. In December, he was in charge of the affairs of officers and men of the three flags of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and sent a ride to the Forbidden City. The flag of the whole family was carried from Zheng Hongqi to Huang Zhengqi. It is extremely rare for small Shenyang to be reused and promoted rapidly among honest officials in this way.
During the 24 years from 40 years of Qianlong to 4 years of Jiaqing, Xiao Shenyang served as the military affairs minister for 23 years; Military history and infantry command for 22 years; Minister of Military Affairs, Commander of the Army and Minister of Interior, 15. In the aspect of state affairs, he is in charge of the internal affairs office, Yuanmingyuan, teahouse, establishment office, royal hospital and royal pharmacy. Economically, he not only served as the minister of the household department, but also firmly controlled the tax supervision power of Chongwenmen. Militarily, although he knew nothing, he often served as a leader and appointed imperial envoys to suppress peasant uprisings. Xiao Shenyang served as the commander-in-chief of Shi Jingjun for a long time, controlling Jianrui Camp and Firearms Camp. Culturally, he has successively served as CEO of Sikuquanshu, CEO and president of Jehol Chronicle, Unified Qing History, Qingtong, Qing Zi Jing Guan, The Book of Songs and other books. He also served as a lecturer, a teacher in Jishi Shu, a reader of imperial examinations, an annotator of Japanese books and a bachelor of imperial academy.
For more than 20 years, Xiao Shenyang gradually mastered the power of the Qing court in politics, administration, finance, military affairs, diplomacy, culture and education.
Under the feudal autocratic system, the advance and retreat of ministers is only determined by the emperor's personal will. "Loyalty to the monarch" was the first criterion for feudal emperors to employ people, and Xiao Shenyang's words and deeds conformed to this criterion. According to the records of Old News for nearly a year, Xiao Shenyang said to Gan Long, "If you don't submit, you will be called a slave, just like running a slave." Even after becoming a college student, Xiao Shenyang still took the guard of the Imperial Command as his profession. "When the emperor coughed and spat, little Shenyang drowned." Compared with those upright ministers, the 70-year-old emperor naturally prefers Xiao Shenyang, a diligent slave, and consciously or unconsciously regards him as a confidant.
In his later years, only the achievements of being both civil and military were flourishing. My ears only like to hear the voice of praise and whitewashing peace. It was Xiao Shenyang who caught this "obsequiousness and hatred" mentality in his later years and used it to win the favor of the emperor. To this end, small Shenyang tried to downplay major events, saying only "auspicious words", and even suppressed such major events as the Anbaili Uprising. Little Shenyang knew that it was the heart disease of Qianlong, but he never told the truth and blinded the emperor with "almost success"
Gan Long analyzed the reasons why little Shenyang was lucky. In addition, he also wants to see that Xiao Shenyang is talented and has done several beautiful things for the Qing court. This can't help but make small Shenyang more and more important in Qianlong's heart.
A right-hand man to deal with minority affairs
Small Shenyang, which is familiar with Chinese, Manchu, Mongolian and Tibetan, has a unique advantage in dealing with ethnic affairs. According to the Record of Korea's Li Dynasty, "During the war last year, all instructions were appropriate, and both Chinese and Qing languages were used. This is an imperial edict to the Dalai Lama and Gurkha, which is used in both Mongolian and Western languages. It is extremely difficult for ministers to be familiar with western languages in their work, but Xiao Shenyang's written instructions can cope. "
Li Dachen has been with Qianlong for forty-five years. Brother Long goes to Jehol Summer Resort every year and often meets nobles and elites of other nationalities. Xiao Shenyang is always present. He has helped Gan Long deal with minority affairs in Tibet, Xinjiang and Southwest China many times.
In June of the forty-fifth year of Qianlong, the Sixth Panchen Lama met with Qianlong, and Xiao Shenyang participated in the reception. Long ordered the construction of a temple in Jehol as the residence of the sixth Panchen Lama. Shenyang participated in the preparations and was responsible for updating the sacrificial ceremony of Rehe Temple and building a new Fushou Temple in Xumishan. It was July 2008, when the Sixth Panchen Lama arrived in Chengde, and Gan Long met him at the Jingcheng Hall of Tanzhe Temple in the summer resort. A few days later, Gan Long met with the Panchen Lama, giving lectures, giving letters and banquets. Xiao Shenyang accompanied him.
In early September, the Panchen Lama arrived in the capital, and Gan Long was ready to celebrate the Panchen Lama's birthday. Unexpectedly, the Panchen Lama fell ill on165438+10.2/0.28. Long went to pay his respects and personally handled the aftermath, becoming his right-hand man.
The British call them "mature politicians"
Forty-five years later, Xiao Shenyang was responsible for receiving diplomatic envoys from North Korea, Britain, Annan, Siam, Myanmar, Ryukyu and Nanzhang for many times, and was solely responsible for handling foreign affairs with North Korea and Britain. In the fifty-seventh year of Qianlong, Britain sent Lord Magani, the British governor in Bangladesh with rich diplomatic experience, as a mission to China. Its purpose is to fulfill the mission of the British king and government, "to gain commercial interests and diplomatic rights in China that other countries could not obtain through strategy or force in the past", and "to strive to increase our exports to China and regularly transport other products and finished products loved by China people in Britain and our Indian territory". Magalny is equipped with more than 700 military and technical personnel and a large number of gifts. At first, the officials of the Qing Dynasty didn't know their real intentions, and thought they were "tribute envoys" who wished Emperor Qianlong a long life. Yulong ordered that "it is important to be frugal, modest and supercilious to receive people from afar".
The Madzar delegation arrived in Beijing on June 65 +08, 1958. At that time, Gan Long was spending the summer in the Jehol Palace, and he sent a mission to Jehol. First of all, the two sides have differences on the etiquette of meeting the emperor. In the Qing Dynasty, the tribute envoys had to do the etiquette of "kneeling three times and knocking nine times" before the emperor, while the British envoys insisted on kneeling on one leg to see the emperor. Both sides refused to make concessions and the negotiations almost broke down. After arduous negotiations and representations with the British envoy Xiao Shenyang, the British envoy finally agreed to salute according to the etiquette of the Qing court. Afterwards, the British envoy commented on Xiao Shenyang, saying that Xiao Shenyang "defended his dignity in the negotiations". He is kind and has a keen and profound understanding of the problem, so he deserves to be a mature politician.
On August 13, on the 83rd birthday of Gan Long, a birthday celebration ceremony was held in Tambojing Town Hall of Rehe Summer Resort. British Ambassador Ma De, headed by Xiao Shenyang, etc. "From the right gate of the palace gate of the summer resort to the front steps of the temple, kneel down and help the table." Gan Long accepted the statement and handed it back to the king of England and the envoys of the mission. After the banquet, Xiao Shenyang accompanied the envoy to visit the summer resort.
When the English king translated Gan Long's birthday inscription, Xiao Shenyang immediately reported to Gan Long that the English king had the intention of "sending a special envoy to guard the capital". Long put forward various reasons and thought it was "not feasible". In fact, before this, Magalny had a "short meeting" with Xiao Shenyang. But McCartney found Shenyang "amiable, modest and polite", but refused to agree to his request, leaving McCartney helpless. Marnie tried every means to get the conversation to the point, but he couldn't. Mccartney later recalled, "I can't help but admire Naff's wit." That day, I racked my brains to discuss with him. However, he always tries his best to avoid it. Whenever it is possible to talk to me about the topic, he immediately dodges, tries to attract my attention to the surrounding scenery, invites me to enjoy the lakes and mountains, and explains those beautiful villas and pavilions to us. "