Pascal's law: the pressure acting on any part of a closed liquid must be transmitted from the liquid in all directions according to its original size.

Discovery Theorem 165 1~ 1654 Pascal studied various effects of hydrostatics and air gravity. After several years of observation, experiment and thinking, the book "On the Balance of Liquid and the Gravity of Air" was synthesized. Put forward the famous Pascal's law (or Pascal's principle), namely; The pressure acting on any part of the enclosed liquid must be transmitted from the liquid in all directions according to its original size. Wolff, a famous historian of science, said that Pascal's discovery was an important milestone in the development of mechanics in the17th century. Pascal discussed the problem of liquid pressure in detail in this book. In the first chapter, Pascal described several experiments, and their results showed that any water column, whether vertical or inclined, regardless of its cross-sectional area, as long as the vertical height is the same, the force acting on the piston with a known bottom area of the water column is the same. This force is actually the gravity of the liquid. The book describes in detail that the fluid in a sealed container can transmit pressure, and discusses the principle of the communicator. Pascal used a container full of water. The container has two cylindrical outlets, and the other parts are closed. The cross-sectional areas of the two outlets are different by 100 times. If a piston with just the right size is placed in the cylinder of each outlet, the thrust exerted by one person on the small piston is equal to that exerted by 100 people on the large piston, so it can exceed the thrust exerted by 99 people on the large piston. No matter what the ratio of the two outlets is, as long as the force acting on the two pistons is proportional to the size of the two outlets, the water is balanced. Pascal described the basic points of Pascal's law, such as closed liquid, constant pressure and transmission to all parties. Pascal wrote this book in 1653, but it didn't appear for the first time until one year after his death-1663. Pascal applied the principle of virtual work on the basis of a large number of observations and experiments. Prove that Pascal's law was discovered. Pascal has done many experiments, the most famous of which is this: he used a wooden barrel with a hole at the top, inserted a long iron pipe into the hole and sealed the socket. In the experiment, first fill the bucket with water, and then slowly pour a few glasses of water into the iron pipe. When the water column in the pipeline is as high as several meters, the bucket suddenly bursts, and water is ejected from the crack in all directions. The discovery of Pascal's law laid the foundation for the establishment of hydrostatics. Pascal also put forward the principle of communication device and the initial idea of hydraulic press which was widely used later. He also pointed out that the pressure on the device wall due to the gravity of liquid is only related to the depth; He explained the hydrostatics paradox related to this in theory with experiments. He finished reading the first six books of Euclid's Elements in a week, and he can also apply it to mechanics. /kloc-in 0/653, he entered Leo College of Oxford University for work-study programs. He didn't get a bachelor's degree, but he got a master's degree in literature at 1663.

Skansk's law in fluid (gas or liquid) mechanics means that the pressure change of a certain part of the static fluid in a closed container will be transmitted to all parts of the fluid and the wall of the container without loss. Pascal first expounded this law. Pressure is equal to the acting force divided by the acting area. According to Pascal's principle, if a certain pressure is exerted on one piston in the hydraulic system, the same pressure increase will be produced on the other piston. If the area of the second piston is 10 times that of the first piston, the force acting on the second piston will increase to 10 times that of the first piston, while the pressures on the two pistons are still equal. The hydraulic press is an example of Pascal's principle. It has many uses, such as hydraulic braking. Pascal also found that the pressure at any point in a still fluid is equal in all directions, that is, the pressure at that point is equal in all planes passing through it. This fact is also called Pascal's principle.

Blaise, a French mathematician and physicist, was the founder of modern probability theory. He put forward a law about liquid pressure, which was later called Pascal's law. The principle of intuitionism he established had an influence on some later philosophers, such as Rousseau and Bergson.

Pascal was born in clermont-ferrand, Irving. Pascal had a superior intelligence since he was a child. He fell in love with mathematics when he was 12 years old. His father is a respected mathematician. Under his careful education, Pascal was proficient in Euclidean geometry at an early age. He independently discovered the first 32 theorems of Euclid, and the order was completely correct. 12 years old, he found that "the sum of the angles in the triangle is equal to 180 degrees" and began to learn mathematics from his father. /kloc-joined the group of mathematicians and physicists in Paris at the age of 0/6 (the predecessor of French Academy of Sciences), and 17 wrote the article "Cone Section Theory" with high mathematical level, which is the result of his study of De Salgues's classic works on integral projective geometry. Descartes firmly did not believe that children aged 16 could write such a book, and Pascal in turn denied the value of Descartes' analytic geometry. 1642, 19 years old, he designed and manufactured the world's first mechanical computing device-a computer that uses gears to add and subtract. Originally, he just wanted to help his father calculate the tax cost. This is an idea that he came up with to reduce his father's computational burden, but it was very famous at that time, and it became the prototype of the computer later. After the successful development of the adder, Pascal thought that there was no difference between some human thinking processes and mechanical processes, so it was conceivable to use machinery to simulate human thinking activities.