Pathological psychology refers to the abnormal psychological activities of individuals in life. If a person's psychological activity is abnormal, special, too excited or too depressed compared with normal people, we can define it as morbid psychology.

Pathological social psychology refers to abnormal psychological activities caused by social pathological culture.

Compared with morbid social psychology, there are two differences:

First, morbid psychology is only an individual phenomenon, often with personal life experience. Physical condition, personality characteristics and transfer, such as shoes-loving and debate-mad, are not universal, but special reactions of specific people in specific living environments; However, morbid social psychology is a group phenomenon, which is the sum total of abnormal psychological characteristics and states shared by a certain society or group.

For example, comparing with each other, superstition, prejudice, selfishness, self-isolation, impetuousness and so on. Sick social psychology often happens to a certain number of social members, and the communication, communication, suggestion, conformity and obedience among social members further strengthen the expansion and consolidation of social sick psychology.

Secondly, morbid psychology, an abnormal psychological state, may be caused by human physical diseases, such as brain injury, meningitis, endocrine disorders, etc., and may also be caused by the stimulation of social life or people's own personality characteristics, while morbid social psychology is mainly caused by the bad stimulation of morbid social culture, which leads some weak-willed people to accept the values and lifestyles of some morbid cultures and have abnormal psychological activities deviating from normal social psychology in cognition, emotion, will and personality.

Second, the root of morbid psychology

The root of morbid psychology lies in the existence of morbid culture.

Culture is a dynamic system, and morbid culture is a part of big culture. Any culture that deviates from the mainstream culture and is guided by unhealthy social lifestyle and wrong values can be called pathological culture.

Specifically, the morbid culture in China at this stage has the following aspects:

First, feudal morbid culture. For example, the selfish idea of "every man for himself, the devil takes the hindmost", the vanity of "glorifying ancestors" and the face concept of "Buddha strives for a furnace of incense, and man strives for a breath".

These thoughts have been deeply affecting many people in China.

Second, overseas morbid culture. Mainly refers to the morbid culture of western society, such as personal fame and fortune, sexual abuse, family disintegration, advocating money and violence.

Third, the morbid culture in the period of change. For example, money worship, abuse of power for personal gain and unhealthy behavior.

Fourth, the morbid culture produced by poor population quality. For example, the economy is "in line with the currency"

Prosperity; Moral egoism; The kitsch phenomenon of writers in culture; "Reading is useless" in education.

The relationship between morbid psychology and morbid personality

Sick psychology and sick personality have something in common, that is, they do not belong to psychosis and neurosis, but the distorted reflection of objective reality by normal people's brains. Both of them are related to the bad stimulation of social sick culture, and both of them may have similar pathological behaviors. There is a strict difference between the two. Sick social psychology is an abnormal psychological activity, which is often related to special circumstances. It exists in a certain number of groups after psychological infection, lasts for a long time and has great plasticity, and can be corrected through self-regulation. Sick personality is an abnormal personality and a fixed and continuous behavior habit of individuals. No matter what the situation is, how others react, or go their own way, they need psychological treatment to return to normal.

If the individual's morbid social psychology lasts too long and is not corrected in time, it may turn into a morbid personality, and once the individual's morbid personality is formed, it may lead to morbid social psychology and morbid behavior.

Fourth, the characteristics of morbid psychology.

1. Damage

Social behaviors caused by morbid psychology often violate socially recognized codes of conduct and moral standards, or harm the interests of the collective and individuals to a certain extent.

2. Group nature

Sick social psychology is a group psychological phenomenon, which must have a certain number of social members (or people from a certain class, or people across several classes, or people from the whole society). Due to the extensive social pathological culture, a considerable number of weak-willed people have similar "social symptoms".

Step 3 be popular

Sick social psychology is susceptible, popular and extensive. When some morbid social psychology appears, it is easy to cause people's conformity psychology. But with the passage of time or the change of environment; This morbid social psychology usually disappears automatically.

4. Unconscious

Sick social psychology occurs in a certain number of people. Under the impact of morbid culture, ideas, feelings and behaviors are all misplaced, so they are normal and thinking logic is abnormal.

5. General

Because morbid culture, as an evil culture and an ugly phenomenon in society, will exist in society for a long time, and so will morbid social psychology.

Five, the principle of regulating morbid psychology

Pathological psychology is a kind of pathological psychology and behavior caused by bad external stimuli, and it is a distorted reflection of objective phenomena by normal people. People with morbid social psychology can be corrected through psychotherapy. Of course, if we can give full play to our subjective initiative, understand its harm and use the right methods, we can also adjust ourselves. Its regulatory principles mainly include:

1. Introspection principle

We can make use of the old saying "I rescue three times a day" and often use the words and deeds of some model figures with social norms and moral standards to examine ourselves and adjust ourselves.

2. The principle of situation transfer

For people with weak will and immature mind, it is very important to change the environment and isolate bad stimuli. Make more friends with honest, cheerful and generous people, get in touch with the dominant culture that represents the social development trend, and finally learn to guide your words and deeds with correct values.

3. The principle of perfect personality

People with perfect personality will not be affected by the environment. Therefore, establishing a firm belief and shaping a perfect personality are the fundamental requirements for resisting morbid culture and avoiding morbid social psychology, but the perfection of personality takes a long time. People can only achieve this goal if they are good at learning, diligent in thinking and brave in constantly analyzing themselves.

4. The principle of behavior correction

Pathological social psychology usually manifests itself as pathological behavior. Sick social psychology is unconscious, but sick behavior has negative consequences, which patients can perceive. In order to correct the corresponding pathological behavior, patients can also adjust themselves through psychotherapy, such as aversion therapy to punish themselves; Systematic desensitization means avoiding contact with pathological culture, but the range of contact should be from small to large, and the number should be from small to large, gradually increasing immunity and resistance to pathological culture. The principle of behavior correction is very suitable for patients with pathological behavior.

Six, morbid psychology and its self-regulation

1. Self-enclosed psychology

Self-isolation means that individuals isolate themselves from the outside world, have little or no social activities, and spend most of their time at home without interacting with others except for necessary work, study and shopping.

Self-enclosed people are lonely, have no friends, and even afraid of social activities, so it is a morbid psychological phenomenon and the environment is uncomfortable.

(1) function

Self-enclosed psychology has the following characteristics:

① universality. That is, different age groups may appear. For example, children have TV claustrophobia, teenagers have phobia and social phobia, middle-aged people have social boredom, and the elderly have an "empty nest" (referring to children leaving home) and a self-enclosed mentality caused by the death of their spouses.

2 do not communicate. Closed-minded people are reluctant to communicate with others and rarely talk to them. They are not speechless, but afraid or hate talking to others. The former belongs to passive type, while the latter belongs to active type.

3 avoid. Some people suffer setbacks and blows in their lives and careers, are depressed, and gradually become sensitive and unacceptable to their surroundings, so they avoid socializing.

4 feel lonely.

(2) The causes of self-enclosed psychology.

Self-enclosed psychology is a psychological defense mechanism. It is related to some setbacks that individuals often encounter in the process of life and growth, because setbacks will cause personal anxiety. Autism occurs when people's ability to resist setbacks is poor, which makes anxiety accumulate more and more, and they can only avoid the environment and reduce setbacks in a self-enclosed way.

There is a causal relationship between self-enclosed psychology and some deviations in personality development. As far as children are concerned, if their parents are too strict or have no time to discipline them, they will lack self-confidence and would rather watch TV at home than go out for activities. In adolescence, identity crisis is an important cause of self-enclosed psychology. Crisis refers to the confusion of self-awareness caused by young people trying to re-recognize their position and role in society, that is, young people learn skills and strategies to deal with people from various social roles. If young people don't master these skills and strategies, it means that they don't have the confidence to enter a social role, don't know who they are, don't know what to do, and don't know how to get along with others. As a result, he didn't develop the ability to cooperate and get close to others, but returned to his own land in Xiaotian, unwilling to have close contact with others, which led to loneliness and isolation. For middle-aged people, if they can't care and care for the next generation and provide material and spiritual wealth for the next generation (including the whole family), then he is an "egoist". This kind of person only cares about not interacting with others, or has low self-esteem and is too lazy to interact with others. For the elderly, the shock of bereavement can easily make them lose confidence and spirit, lose confidence in life and can't accommodate themselves, which often shows that they are very homesick.

(3) the performance of self-enclosed psychology

Unwilling to get married. Among them, older men are not married, and most of them are unwilling to bear the responsibility of establishing a family and raising children; Older women who are not married are expecting an ideal couple. They either escape from reality or expect too much, so they close themselves off.

② Social fear. It mostly happens to introverts. Because of too much protection or bullying in childhood, they are vulnerable and lack self-confidence. They are most afraid of publicity and often appear helpless in front of strangers.

3 blame yourself. Some people look down on themselves because they have made some "small mistakes" in life, and even insult and hate giving up on themselves. They always feel that others are blaming themselves.

So he lived in seclusion, isolated from the world.

④ Negative self-suggestion. Some people pay great attention to their appearance and image, and always want to look outstanding but feel ugly. This kind of self-suggestion makes them very concerned about other people's comments, even their eyes, and finally simply refuses to associate with others.

Because self-isolation blocks the normal communication between individuals and society, it will make people narrow-minded, indifferent and distorted in personality, which may eventually lead to abnormal and abnormal personality.

(4) Self-regulation of self-enclosed psychology

① Willing to accept yourself. Learn to attribute success to yourself, failure to external factors, ignore other people's gossip, "go your own way" and be willing to accept yourself.

(2) Improve the understanding of social communication and open yourself up. Communication can gradually improve people's thinking ability and life function; And keep people's ideas in metabolism; Communication can enrich people's emotions and maintain people's mental health. The height of a person's development depends on the degree of self-opening and self-expression. In order to overcome loneliness, we should open our hearts to the people we associate with. We should not only know others, but also let others know ourselves, confirm our own value in social communication, realize the goal of life and become a strong man in life.

③ Psychological transmission method. Transfer too much attention to your own energy to other things to relieve psychological pressure, such as practicing calligraphy, painting, singing and practicing piano.

④ System desensitization method. Self-enclosed people should dare to face up to reality, bravely intervene in social life, look for opportunities to contact and understand outsiders, and expand contact with the outside world. In this way, you can start from the simplest and gradually complete the difficult movements.

2. stingy psychology

Mean, commonly known as stingy. It is an act that has the ability to support or help others but refuses to take action.

(1) feature.

Suffering has the following characteristics:

(1) selfish. Miserable people are very concerned about personal gains and losses, always afraid of their own losses, greedy for urine, stingy with money, and greedy.

2 indifference. Such people attach great importance to their own property, can deny their loved ones for the sake of vested interests, and are even more indifferent to the suffering of others and have no compassion.

③ closed. Such people seldom participate in social activities and don't care about things around them. They don't want to help others, so they have few intimate friends, and most of them tend to be autistic.

(2) the causes of stingy psychology

(1) From the external factors:

The distribution and possession of social resources are unbalanced; There is fraud in society; Social value orientation, that is, social atmosphere; The impact of social isolation. The lack of communication between modern residential neighborhoods, and some "chickens and dogs hear each other, but they don't talk to each other when they die", also breeds people's stingy and indifferent hearts.

(2) Subjectively:

Pain is a passive self-defense system. Psychoanalysts believe that anxiety is the basic ability of human behavior. Some people overestimate the risks in real life and underestimate their abilities and strengths. In order to cope with anxiety, this self-defense mechanism is established. Indifference, meanness and irresponsibility are the manifestations of this mechanism.

Pain is the product of personal early interpersonal relationships. Such people have little or no love and care from their parents since childhood, and they don't know how to love others. They seldom have emotional communication with their parents, so they have no sympathy for other people's difficulties.

Individuals lack a sense of social responsibility. Such people are selfish and indifferent, irresponsible to society, others and even relatives, or only look at their responsibilities and obligations from a narrow standpoint.

(3) the performance of stingy behavior

Unwilling to lend money to others;

2 do not support the elderly;

③ Abandoning the baby girl;

4. Pay more attention to food and clothing than education;

⑤ Don't care about things around you. "It's none of your business. Hang it high, change it when you know your mistake, and say less."

(4) the harm of stingy behavior

As a selfish and indifferent pathological behavior, meanness is very harmful.

(1) It destroyed the inherent love and sympathy of human beings.

A stingy person is extremely selfish, giving no help to others and reducing human nature to animal-like nature. Suffering has destroyed the beautiful social, ethical and moral relations of mankind.

(2) Material and spiritual meanness will cause mental and physical harm to some members of society.

(5) Self-regulation of stingy psychology

(1) Understanding method. Understand miserly mistakes ideologically. Remember, people need money to live in the world, but they need affection and friendship more.

(2) convert to religious law. Almost all religions advocate promoting good and eliminating evil. Religion is a kind of belief, which has the suggestive function of helping others and can eliminate people's stingy psychology.

3. Greed psychology

"Greed" refers to insatiable greed and excessive desire for a goal that is not commensurate with one's own strength.

(1) Greed psychology has the following characteristics: dissatisfaction, openness, luck and weak will.

(2) The reason of greed

Objective reasons: First, the negative influence of social morbid culture. The idea of "starving the timid and supporting the bold" reflects the speculative psychology of getting something for nothing. It advocates not getting rich through hard work, but seeking ill-gotten gains; The second is the misleading of public opinion. In the early days of reform and opening up, the media reported in detail the income and achievements of "ten thousand households", but did not report how ten thousand households got rich through hard work, which inspired people from all walks of life to get rich and keep up with the joneses. Third, social control is not strict. At present, people who get rich first in some areas rely on illegal means, which objectively stimulates the greed of people in nearby areas.

② Subjective reasons: First, wrong values. Think that society exists for itself and everything in the world is owned by itself; The second is the strengthening of behavior. Greedy people are often afraid when they extend their black hands for the first time. Once successful, he will be happy, and every lucky pass is a kind of reinforcement for him, which constantly stimulates the greedy heart; Third, the psychology of comparison and the unhealthy mentality caused by psychological imbalance; Fourth, psychological compensation. Some people used to be poor, or had a rough life experience and felt that society was unfair to them. Once the status rises, they will use their power to ask for money crazily and unprincipled to make up for their past shortcomings.

(3) the performance of greedy behavior

Greed is an excessive desire. Its performance has the following kinds:

Unscrupulous desire for money: mercenary, forgetting righteousness, and obtaining money by unscrupulous means;

2 insatiable greed;

(3) An irresistible desire for power;

(3) the desire to cheat the world and steal the name;

⑤ Bold lust.

(4) Psychotherapy for greed

① Introspective method. That is, I randomly wrote a few questions "I like …" on the paper. You should answer without thinking, write down a question in 1 second, then analyze what is reasonable desire and what is excessive desire, so as to clarify the object and scope of greed, and finally analyze the causes and harm of greed more deeply.

(2) contentment is always happy. One can't live with high expectations. The best way of psychological adjustment is contentment, so that "contentment" will not have wild desires, and "happiness" will maintain psychological balance.

Step 4 be selfish

Selfishness is a common pathopsychological phenomenon. Selfishness is the root of all evils, and morbid social psychology such as greed, jealousy, revenge, meanness and vanity are basically selfish manifestations.

(1) function

Deep level. Selfishness is an instinctive desire, which exists in one's heart. Regardless of the requirements of social and historical conditions, just satisfying one's own selfish desires is selfish psychology.

Subconscious. Selfishness is hidden, and its existence and performance are often not realized by individuals. A person who has selfish behavior does not think that he is doing a selfish thing. On the contrary, when encroaching on the interests of others, I feel taken for granted and feel at ease.

Secret. Selfishness is a morbid behavior that is ashamed to meet people. Selfish people often hide themselves by various means to maintain their cooperative forms.

(2) the reasons for the formation of selfish psychology

Objectively speaking, the imbalance in the quantity and distribution of resources leads to the abuse of power for personal gain on the one hand and the trading of power and money on the other. In addition, the accumulation of morbid culture and the imperfection of legal system are also objective reasons.

Subjectively speaking, when personal needs become unreasonable demands divorced from social norms, selfishness will occur.

In addition, personal self-sensitivity, value orientation and social behavior have certain internal relations. Self-sensitivity refers to a person's psychological feelings after he cares about his own problems, feels that he needs help from others, and indeed gets help from others; Value orientation refers to the relatively stable standard and attitude of evaluating things gradually formed in the social process; The so-called social behavior refers to all individual behaviors beneficial to society, including helping others; A high degree of self-sensitivity can be externalized as sensitivity to others, that is, "everyone is for me and I am for everyone", but it may also become a tendency to only care about oneself. Selfish people are usually self-sensitive, self-centered, extremely dependent and demanding on society and others, and have no social value orientation (lack of responsibility for others and society).

(3) Forms of expression

As a morbid social psychology, selfishness has strong permeability. Most social citizens have selfish distractions to varying degrees. There are mainly the following performances:

(1) Don't talk about morality;

2 envy others;

③ Emotional selfishness;

(4) technological monopoly or plagiarism;

⑤ Use money for personal gain;

⑥ abuse power for personal gain.

(4) selfish psychological debugging

① Introspective method. This is the method advocated by structural psychology school, which refers to studying one's own psychological phenomenon through introspection, that is, using self-observation's statement method. According to the objective standards of social morality and social norms, we should always keep in mind self-observation's own mentality and behavior, strengthen study, renew ideas, strengthen social value orientation, and sum up ways and means to correct mistakes.

② Do more altruistic behaviors. Usually think more about others, consider problems from both positive and negative aspects, care about others, and get rid of morbid thoughts.

③ Avoidance training. Psychologically speaking, it is a training method for patients based on the principle of operational reflex and taking negative reinforcement as a means. Anyone who resolutely corrects his selfish mentality, once he has selfish thoughts or behaviors, will beat himself with a rubber elastic ring tied to his wrist to remind himself to restrain and correct his bad mentality and behaviors first.

5. Sick nostalgia

Some people in society think that today is not as good as the past and live in today, but their interest stays in the past. His words and deeds are always at odds with real life. For example, Don Quixote lives in the contemporary era. He wants to pretend to be an ancient warrior and be a chivalrous man on earth, but the result is everywhere. This nostalgia is called morbid nostalgia.

(1) function

(1) is out of date and out of fashion.

2 biased against social newspapers. Extremely conservative in understanding, advocating tradition, especially opposing any form of change.

③ Avoid the reality. Sick nostalgia, dissatisfaction with the status quo and helplessness are often opponents of social change and misfits of social life.

④ Universality and difference. Sick nostalgia has existed throughout the ages, but its manifestations are different. Children's nostalgia is more in the case of lagging personality development. Although they are old enough to go to school, they are still attached to their mothers' arms and cradle, eager to be protected by their parents everywhere, and lack initiative and independence. The nostalgia of teenagers is mostly due to the rapid change of living environment. They could have enjoyed more freedom, but they were afraid and uneasy about this sudden freedom. Nostalgia of middle-aged and elderly people is an escape from reality, a prejudice against society and an anachronism.

(2) the reason

(1) From the social reasons, due to the great changes in social structure and stratum, the redistribution and combination of social resources and interests, and the impact on social status and economic interests, those people are prone to a sense of loss, but there is nothing they can do. They can only express their regret for reality in a nostalgic way.

With the large-scale rise of modern civilization and metropolis, the original living environment is being ruthlessly disintegrated, and people's hearts are alienated from each other.

Subjectively, nostalgia is essentially an escape from real life and a special mechanism. It hides and forgets the pain and depression we don't want to remember, so that we will never remember it again. On the other hand, it has greatly strengthened and beautified the beautiful things in our previous lives, so that people take their memories as reality after experiencing several similar memories.

Nostalgia stems from personal sense of loss.

(3) The performance of morbid nostalgia.

(1) Attachment to the past. Saved many old photos, clothes, books and newspapers; Give children the names of the old times; Some restaurants still use "Xiangyangtun Shi Cun" and "Black Land Restaurant" in the period of educated youth. Old brands such as "Lao San Guan" and "Beidahuang Hot Pot City"; The lyrics of popular songs are becoming more and more "rustic", such as Fence, Cowbell Shakes Spring and Borrow a Half Eraser from You, and the creation of songs extends to childhood and the countryside.

Love your old friends. Now some people are very keen on organizing hometown clubs and classmates' clubs.

③ Attachment to past experiences. Some people attach great importance to past achievements and often recall the glorious experiences of that year. In contrast, the glory of this honor is gradually disappearing, and people often feel lost. Some people who were spoiled in childhood or had a rich life in their early years feel the same way.

It is understandable to look for childlike innocence and tranquility in nostalgia, but it is harmful to feel worse than before because of nostalgia. Sick nostalgia hinders individuals' adaptation to the environment and produces resistance to social change. In interpersonal communication, they can "not forget their old friends", but it is difficult to "make new friends" and their social circle is greatly reduced. It is difficult for people with morbid nostalgia to keep pace with the times, which hinders their progress and development.

(4) Self-adjustment of morbid nostalgia

① Actively participate in real life.

② Learn to find the best combination of the past and reality.

③ Give full play to the positive role of normal nostalgia. Normal nostalgia plays a positive role in seeking peace, maintaining peace of mind and returning to nature. There are more functions in this area, and the morbid and negative mentality will be reduced.

6. Depressed psychological depression refers to the fact that individuals do not release their changed thoughts and emotions after being frustrated, but suppress them in their hearts and are unwilling to admit the existence of troubles. Depression can relieve temporary anxiety, but it does not completely disappear, but becomes a subconscious, which makes people's mentality and behavior become negative and eccentric.

(1) Characteristic psychological depression has the following characteristics:

Introversion: too self-restraint and patience, can not achieve peace;

2 depression: always avoid contradictions and accept everything with resignation. After a long time, the whole psychology will be depressed;

③ Subconscious: When frustration and inferiority often bother you, this emotion will transform your subconscious and dominate your motivation.

(2) the reason

(1) From the external environment, if individuals are not harmonious with the environment and there are too many setbacks, they may have depression, which is mainly manifested in three aspects:

The first is the influence of the code of conduct. If most behavioral norms are too strict, or the norms are far from the individual's acceptance, individuals are prone to depression.

The second is the pressure of work, study and life.

The third is the tense interpersonal relationship.

(2) From the subjective reasons, there are the following situations that are prone to depression:

First, some physical and mental conditions of individuals are poor. Such as ugly appearance, physical defects and so on.

Second, some temperament and personality are more prone to depression. According to temperament characteristics, patients with depression are sensitive and sentimental. The same thing, their sense of depression may be more obvious than those of other temperament. Introverts tend to suppress their feelings in their hearts, and negative feelings will turn into repressed feelings.

(3) the performance of depression. Depression is a common morbid social psychological phenomenon. It exists in people of all ages in society and is related to individual setbacks, which in turn leads to morbid psychology and behavior such as inferiority, depression, autism, anxiety and loneliness. Generally speaking, the behavior of depressing psychology has the following aspects:

(1) melancholy. The main manifestations are: insomnia, neurasthenia, inattention, unsociable, self-enclosed, unsociable, individuals feel that their existence is of little value, lose confidence in the future, feel too much external pressure, feel depressed, feel ashamed and at a loss.

2 boring. Lose interest in anyone or anything and show great impatience.

3 indecision. Everything lacks determination and self-confidence, and is disappointed in the future.

④ Social barriers. Communication with people lacks self-confidence and rigidity, but it is suspicious and sensitive.

⑤ Somatization anxiety. Anxiety will be significantly enhanced, self-feeling is not good, and anxiety is often manifested as physical discomfort. Such as headache, gastrointestinal discomfort and fatigue.

⑥ Change direction behavior. The more repressed emotions and thoughts are, the more likely they are to be expressed in a new way at an appropriate time.

Mental depression makes people feel psychological pressure, which may lead to individual personality distortion.

(4) Self-regulation of depression.

(1) face the social reality correctly;

2 treat yourself correctly;

③ Read more philosophies and biographies of sages;

④ Actively do some constructive work; ⑤ Take the initiative to help others, be ready to help others, and make people mentally healthy; 6. Let happiness enter your life. Let the smile be written on your face forever; ⑦ Keep exercising; Returning to nature is good for physical and mental health.

7. empty psychology empty psychology refers to one