Descriptive records mainly include diary descriptions, anecdote records and continuous records. Diary description refers to detailed description by diary method, which was first used by Pestalozzi. Anecdotal recording refers to recording some valuable behaviors, which can be thematic or untitled. Record the questions of interest at any time, without any time and conditions, and without special coding and classification in advance.

② Sampling and recording methods.

After the 1920s, sampling and recording methods appeared, which were enough to be recorded as samples. They can be divided into time sampling, activity sampling and event sampling. Time sampling method: taking time as the selection standard, it specially observes and records the behaviors that occur in a specific time, including whether the behaviors appear, their frequency and duration.

③ Behavior checklist.

The behavior checklist is mainly used to check whether important behaviors appear. The observer lists the items to be observed in advance, and when this kind of behavior occurs, tick "√" on this item. Some specific requirements should be listed on the form, and the items should be in a certain order.

Extended data

Basic characteristics of educational investigation.

Educational investigation belongs to scientific observation and has the characteristics of purpose, objectivity, initiative and knowledge.

(1) Purpose of observation.

Observation is carried out to solve a problem according to the needs of the research topic.

② Objectivity of observation.

In the natural state, researchers do not interfere with the activities of the research object and do not change the natural conditions and development process of the research object.

③ initiative of observation.

Observation is purposefully conducted on the basis of full research and preparation, so it is a dynamic activity.

④ Accuracy of observation.

Observation can collect a lot of factual information and have detailed observation records.