I. Overview of Secondary Vocational Education
Secondary vocational education is a part of vocational and technical education, including general secondary specialized schools, technical schools, vocational secondary education and various short-term vocational training. It exports junior and intermediate technicians and skilled workers to the society and plays a very important role in the whole education system. Secondary vocational education is an important part of senior high school education in China, shouldering the heavy responsibility of cultivating hundreds of millions of high-quality workers, and is an important foundation for China's economic and social development.
Enrollment target: Full-time secondary vocational school education mainly recruits junior high school graduates or those with equivalent academic qualifications.
Educational system: the basic educational system is mainly three years; Recruit ordinary high school graduates or equivalent, and the basic academic system is mainly 1 year.
Training objectives: Secondary vocational schools train high-quality workers and skilled talents who meet the requirements of China's socialist modernization, develop morally, intellectually, physically and aesthetically, have comprehensive professional abilities and work in the front line of production and service. Love the socialist motherland, can realize their own value and serve the people of the motherland; Have basic scientific and cultural literacy, continuous learning ability and innovative spirit; Have good professional ethics, master the necessary basic cultural knowledge, professional knowledge and relatively skilled professional skills, and have strong employability and certain entrepreneurial ability; Have a healthy body and mind; Have the basic ability to appreciate beauty and create beauty.
Curriculum: Secondary vocational education is an important part of high school education, and its curriculum is divided into two categories: public basic courses and professional skills courses.
Public basic courses: Chinese, mathematics, English, computer application foundation, physical education and health, mental health, moral education.
Specialized courses: refer to specialized technical courses and specialized theoretical courses.
Second, the development status quo
Secondary vocational education is vocational education carried out at the stage of high school education, including some vocational training after high school. It is an educational field that specializes in cultivating skilled talents needed by all walks of life. Its characteristic is to train technical experts needed by various industries while completing the basic education content of junior high school and senior high school, and at the same time further lay the foundation for colleges and universities to transport high-quality professionals. Therefore, the function of secondary vocational education is not only to undertake the responsibility of national nine-year compulsory education, but also to shoulder the heavy responsibility of cultivating high-quality skilled talents in various industries.
At present, there are three main types of secondary vocational schools in China, namely secondary specialized schools, technical schools and vocational high schools. In recent years, various forms of short-term vocational and technical training institutions have emerged in China, and they have also joined the secondary vocational education system to export junior and intermediate technicians and skilled workers for the society.
As early as the beginning of reform and opening up, the development of vocational education in China showed great vitality. From 65438 to 0980, the state began to reform the national secondary education structure, focusing on vigorously developing vocational and technical education. From 65438 to 0996, China's first vocational education law was formally promulgated and implemented, which provided legal guarantee for the development of vocational education. After decades of development, the enrollment of secondary vocational schools in China exceeded 8.2 million in 20 1 1 year, which is roughly equivalent to that of ordinary high schools. According to the data of "Analysis Report on the Development Mode and Investment Prospect of Secondary Vocational Education Industry in China in 2014/20/8", in 20 13, the number of college graduates nationwide reached 6.99 million, an increase of190,000 over the previous year. The initial employment rate of college graduates nationwide is 7 1.9%, which is lower than in previous years. In 20 14, the number of college graduates in China reached the highest level of 7.27 million, an increase of 280,000 over the previous year. The employment situation in colleges and universities is still grim.
In recent years, Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shandong and other six provinces and cities. It has always been in a leading position in the structural coordination, development scale and resource level of secondary vocational education. Relying on the good external environment such as economy and humanities, and the solid foundation laid by the development of vocational education for many years, plus more effective policy measures,