Inpatients; Health education; Problems; Countermeasures
Health education refers to helping people understand their own health status and the factors that endanger their health through organized, planned and systematic educational activities with the help of multidisciplinary theories and methods, prompting people to consciously choose healthy behaviors and lifestyles, and reducing and eliminating the risk factors that affect their health. 1 since 200 1, our hospital has adopted various ways to carry out health education for all inpatients, which has played a positive role in promoting patients' rehabilitation and improving nursing quality, but there are also many problems in the implementation process, which directly affect the effect and development of health education. This paper analyzes the problems existing in the health education of inpatients in our hospital, puts forward corresponding countermeasures, and constantly improves and perfects them to improve the effect of health education.
1 data and methods
1. 1 general information
From June 2006 to June 2007, health education was given to 546 inpatients. All patients are conscious and can complete the questionnaire independently or with the help of their families. Among them, there were 359 cases of internal medicine and 87 cases of surgery/kloc-0, with an age of 15 ~ 76 years, primary school education or above, and the hospitalization time was more than 7 days.
1.2 method
All the investigated patients were given the inpatient health education opinion form, the health education effect evaluation form and the telephone return visit questionnaire for discharged patients. Among them, the inpatient health education opinion form is completed with the assistance of the patient himself or his family; The health education effect evaluation table is based on the contents of the inpatient health education table designed by our hospital and the patients' mastery of the health education content. The table lists 9 major items and 42 minor items, including admission education, disease knowledge, medication guidance, purpose and method of examination and treatment, matters needing attention before and after operation, diet and nutrition, functional exercise and rest, preventive health care and discharge guidance. All patients involved in the survey were interviewed by telephone, and the interview content was determined before the interview. Respondents completed the questionnaire according to the patients' answers. The questionnaire recovery rate was 100% and the effective rate was 100%.
2 existing problems
2. 1 Lack of understanding of health education
Nurses are 2. 1. 1
Influenced by the traditional nursing mode, nurses' health education for patients stays on the popularization of disease knowledge and education, and simply regards health education as health education. Lack of initiative to fulfill educational responsibilities can not fundamentally help patients establish healthy behaviors.
2. 1.2 patient characteristics
Patients' living environment and education level are different, their understanding of health education is different, and their acceptance ability and demand degree are also different. Even some patients are influenced by the traditional concept that nurses only give drugs and injections, so they can't actively cooperate with and absorb the health education of nurses. Some even have doubts and only believe the doctor's explanation.
2.2 The timing is not right.
Nurses are eager to achieve success or become a mere formality, and regard health education as a task. The time of publicity and education focused on the patients who were unfamiliar with the environment when they first entered the hospital, and their physical discomfort was not alleviated. At this time, the effect of publicity and education is not ideal.
Due to the shortage of nursing staff, too many basic clinical nursing operations or unreasonable resource arrangement, nurses often carry out health education during the disposal process, and patients may be accompanied by pain or other discomfort, which may not be the best time for patients to receive health education.
2.3 lack of targeted educational content.
The content of education is stylized and lacks individual characteristics, so it is difficult to meet the cultural needs of some highly educated patients. Nurses carry out education according to their own way of thinking or simple form, without emphasizing the active participation of patients, only completing tasks according to regulations, ignoring the real needs of patients and not teaching according to the individual needs of students.
2.4 The method of health education is improper and the form is single.
It is mainly indoctrination education, lacking various and lively educational means. Read more, explain less, write more, guide and demonstrate less, indoctrinate more, give less feedback, spread more individually and communicate less in two directions.
2.5 Lack of knowledge and skills related to nursing health education
As the implementer of health education, nurses' teaching ability will directly affect the effect of education. Most nurses in China have not received systematic and standardized health education courses. There is no health education course in nursing course, and there is also a lack of systematic theoretical knowledge and skill training in nursing health education in clinic, which all affect the depth and effect of health education.
Lack of communication skills: Good nurse-patient communication is the premise of health education. Nursing staff's language is blunt, and they can't use easy-to-understand language according to individual differences of patients, which will affect the effect of health education.
2.6 Neglect of health education for family members
Only pay attention to the education of patients, but ignore the role of family members. Functional exercise and rehabilitation exercise of paraplegic patients need the assistance of family members, and the lack of family members' participation in health education will directly affect the effect of health education.
2.7 Inconsistent medical services
The views of doctors and nurses are not unified, and the different and irregular expressions of doctors and nurses make patients feel at a loss. And it is easy to cause medical disputes.
2.8 The effect of health education lacks effective evaluation and quality control.
Due to the short history of health education in nursing specialty, an effective quality control management system has not been established, and the requirements and evaluation of health education in management are basically limited to the level of knowledge transfer, lacking of effect evaluation 2; Managers only pay attention to whether nurses have carried out health education for patients, but ignore the evaluation of the effect and the health education activities of nurses.