Key words: ecological civilization construction system, Marxist view of practice, man and nature.
China's environmental problems are actually structural problems, involving industrial structure, energy structure and other aspects. At present, the industrial structure of China is actually a non-optimized and non-low-carbon industrial structure. The industrialization and urbanization in eastern China are progressing rapidly, but ecological destruction is also very important. At present, China's energy production is still dominated by coal, supplemented by clean energy. The problems of high vulcanization, high carbonization and air pollution are still outstanding. We must attach great importance to the present situation and some outstanding problems in the construction of ecological civilization in China.
The Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee put forward the idea of building ecological civilization, and further emphasized the acceleration of the construction of system of ecological civilization, which is the result of deepening the understanding of the Party's concept of practice and ecological civilization. Therefore, in the process of accelerating the construction of socialist ecological civilization, we must firmly grasp the practical point of view. This paper further explains the necessity of ecological civilization construction by combining the basic viewpoints on practice in the article "Outline on Feuerbach".
1. Ecological Civilization Construction from the Perspective of Practice
1. 1 The viewpoint of practice is the basic viewpoint of ecological civilization construction.
Marx was the first person in western philosophy to dialectically explain practice. In the Outline of Feuerbach (hereinafter referred to as the Outline), he summarized the essential differences between new materialism and old materialism as a whole, and began to build his own philosophical system with a scientific view of practice, thus laying a solid foundation for the establishment of his philosophical system. In this document, which Engels called "the first document containing the budding genius of the new world outlook", Marx made an incisive exposition on the relationship between man and nature, pointed out the practicality of social life, and thought that the change of environment was consistent with the change of man. We should examine human nature from various social relations and enrich and test the theory through practice. The construction of ecological civilization just contains these two relations, how to deal with the relationship between man and nature, and how to transform nature without social relations.
1.2 The essence of ecological civilization construction is the practical process of interaction between man and nature.
Marx pointed out in the Outline that "the change of environment and the consistency of human activities can only be regarded as and reasonably understood as revolutionary practice." This sentence scientifically summarizes that the relationship between man and nature is dialectical and unified on the basis of practice. The "environment" here refers to the objective world, including the narrow natural environment and the broad social and cultural environment. Man is the subject, environment is the object, and practice is the intermediary connecting subject and object. The subject causes changes in the object (environment) and itself through practical activities. At the same time, with the changes in the way and nature of practical activities, these three changes constitute a system subject, that is to say, in practical activities, the change of environmental objects and the self-transformation of the subject are a unified process. Therefore, in the process of socialist ecological civilization construction, we cannot separate the relationship between man and nature, nor can we ignore the interaction between subject and object through practice.
In the final analysis, the problem of ecological civilization construction is the problem of man and nature. Marx believes that man is a part of nature and the product of its long-term development, and nature is nature. Therefore, there is nature in people's world, and people can't live without it. As Engels said: "People themselves are the products of nature. They are in their own environment and have developed together with this environment." Without nature, just like without a heart, you can't live in this world, and people can only live in this world by natural organisms. People should always remember that we can't survive without nature, and we can't survive and develop without nature.
At the same time, man and nature are not independent of each other, and the development of nature and man is an interactive relationship. People are born, but they don't directly meet people's needs unconditionally. All natural resources can satisfy people only through their labor and creation. Labor is a tool for communication between man and nature. Through continuous efforts to transform and dominate nature, people have left a deep impression on nature.
1.3 The intermediary of benign interaction between man and nature is the practice of ecological civilization construction.
There is also a related discussion in German Ideology. Marx pointed out that the proletariat "knows very well that only by changing the environment will they cease to be' old people'." On the one hand, Marx admitted that the environment (natural environment and social environment) influenced people, on the other hand, he also admitted that people should transform and influence the environment. In their interaction, people show their initiative through social practice. Human beings change their surroundings and themselves in practice. They are always educated in practice to improve their understanding, and in turn better transform the objective environment, which embodies the dialectical unity of transforming the objective world and the subjective world on the basis of practice. Only by understanding this point can we understand the limitations of the old materialism and the essence of the changes implemented by the new world outlook.
Here, we have to mention the essence of Marxist practice. As the essence of social life and human existence, practice has two basic elements: practice subject and practice object. The subject of practice refers to the person who has subjectivity in practical activities, and the object of practice refers to the objective world that exists objectively in practical activities.
The essence of Marxist practice is the dynamic and realistic two-way objectification between the practice subject and the practice object. This kind of interaction makes people's pursuit of truth in practice become the unity of purpose and regularity, and makes people's practical activities change from the process of understanding and transforming nature and society as expected purposes and as unexpected gains and by-products to the process of unifying understanding and transforming nature and society with their own understanding and transformation, so as to find a sustainable development path of harmonious development between man and nature, society and man himself, which is the concrete reality contained in the construction of ecological civilization.
1.4 The practice of correctly handling social relations is the core of ecological civilization construction.
The practice of correctly handling the relationship between man and nature is inseparable from the practice of correctly handling social relations. As Marx pointed out: "Society is the essential unity of man and nature, the real resurrection of nature, the naturalism realized by man and the humanitarianism realized by nature." Marx linked the human practice of transforming nature with the practice of transforming society, and thought that they were interactive and mutually causal. The practice of dealing with social relations is an important aspect of people's life. On the basis of productive labor, people have formed a variety of social relations, and the activities of adjusting and handling contradictions in these social relations are practical activities that people must carry out while transforming nature. The practice of dealing with social relations is the embodiment of dealing with the relationship between man and nature in social life. Because people transform nature in social life, social conditions directly restrict people to transform nature. At the same time, whether man's transformation of nature is scientific and reasonable will also affect the harmonious development of social relations. Under the current social situation in China, the practice of dealing with social relations is mainly manifested in reform. Obviously, it is of profound strategic significance for China to write the report of the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee on accelerating the construction of system of ecological civilization as an important link in comprehensively deepening reform.
2. Promote the construction of ecological civilization.
2. 1 Promote the theory with the Marxist view of practice.
In Marxist view of practice, cognition and practice are unified. When we apply this important principle in the construction of socialist ecological civilization. In addition to everything from reality, seeking truth from facts. We must uphold and develop the truth in practice. Under the guidance of correct theory, we should strive to uphold and develop the truth in practice. On the basis of inheriting the past, we should constantly absorb new practical experience and new ideas, form new understandings and re-apply them to practice.
In the section "Decision-Accelerating the Construction of Ecological Civilization", the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China promoted theoretical innovation, emphasizing the construction of ecological civilization, establishing a systematic and complete system of ecological civilization system, implementing the strictest source protection system, damage compensation system and accountability system, improving the environmental governance and ecological restoration system, and protecting the ecological environment with the system.
We gradually realize that some key and difficult problems have not been solved for a long time. In addition to the complexity of the problem itself, the fetters at the institutional level are becoming more and more obvious. To solve these problems fundamentally, we must work hard and make a fuss about the system. The "Decision" clearly proposed to strengthen the construction of system of ecological civilization, identified the breakthrough point to promote the problem solving, and pointed out the direction to solve the problem.
The Decision is elaborated from four aspects, namely, (5 1) perfecting the property right system and use management system of natural resources assets; (fifty-two) delineation of ecological protection red line; (53) Implement the system of voluntary paid use and ecological compensation; (54) Reform the management system of ecological environment protection. These four points not only further expand the content of the ecological civilization construction system, but also promote the theoretical innovation of the report of the 18th National Congress, and together with the previous concrete experience, form a more complete ecological civilization construction system.
2.2 Combination of theory and practice
Marx clearly pointed out in the "Outline" that "whether people's thinking has objective truth is not a theoretical issue, but a practical issue. People should prove the truth of their thinking in practice, that is, the reality and intensity of their thinking, the other side of their thinking, and the debate about the reality or unreality of thinking without practice is a purely scholastic philosophy. " And at the end of the outline, Marx accurately pointed out the fundamental differences, fundamental characteristics and historical mission of his philosophy from all previous philosophies with the famous saying that "philosophers only explain the world in different ways, but the problem lies in changing the world". This sentence also applies to the reality of system of ecological civilization's construction.
In the construction of socialist ecological civilization, it is not only a theoretical problem, but also a practical problem, and it is also an urgent practical problem. Since the reform and opening up, China has persisted in taking economic construction as the center to promote rapid economic development. In this process, we emphasize sustainable development and attach importance to strengthening energy conservation, emission reduction and environmental protection. However, some localities and regions have not properly handled the relationship between economic development and ecological environment protection, and exchanged economic development at the expense of unrestrained consumption of resources and destruction of the environment, resulting in increasingly prominent energy resources and ecological problems. If these conditions are not changed, the energy resources will be difficult to support, the ecological environment will be overwhelmed, which will inevitably have a serious impact on the sustainable development of the economy, and the space and stamina for China's development will become smaller and smaller. Therefore, in the process of promoting the construction of system of ecological civilization, we must persist in seeking truth from facts and proceed from reality. Firmly grasp the latest theoretical achievements in the construction of ecological civilization, apply them to practice, and adhere to objective laws. We should not only rationally and flexibly grasp the general direction of the central government on the construction of system of ecological civilization, but also pragmatically and deeply implement each specific measure, break through difficulties and improve deficiencies in practice, and push the construction of ecological civilization forward in a good direction.
conclusion
Accelerating the construction of system of ecological civilization proposed by the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee is the latest achievement of strengthening the construction of ecological civilization in China. To promote the establishment and implementation of this system, we must firmly grasp the basic viewpoint of Marxist practice view, understand the development process of this viewpoint, and persist in proceeding from reality and seeking truth from facts. Advance in theory and develop in practice. (Author: School of Marxism, wuhan textile University)