Unit 1:

1, ★ The national nature of China (p4) China is a socialist country under the people's democratic dictatorship led by the working class and based on the alliance of workers and peasants.

2. At this stage, the people of China include (p4) workers, peasants, intellectuals and other socialist laborers, builders of the socialist cause, patriots who support socialism and patriots who support the reunification of the motherland. Note that those who do not belong to the people but to China citizens are: ① criminals deprived of political rights; 2 people who split the country; (3) hostile forces and elements that are hostile to and undermine the socialist system.

People are the masters of the country and society. (p4) (Embodiment of master status: equal rights to manage state and social affairs)

4. What is civil rights? What are the basic rights of citizens? (p5) Civil rights refer to certain rights and interests recognized and granted to citizens by the Constitution and laws. ★ Because the civil rights stipulated in the Constitution are the most important and basic rights of citizens, they are called the basic rights of citizens.

5. What are the similarities and differences between people and citizens? What is a citizen of China? (p6) People are political concepts, which have different class contents in different countries and different historical periods of the same country, while citizens are legal concepts, which refer to people who have the nationality of a certain country and enjoy rights and assume obligations according to the constitution and laws of that country. China citizens: ★ Anyone with China nationality is a citizen of China.

6. How are the rights of citizens in China guaranteed (p7)★ China has established a rights protection system with the Constitution as the core and legislative and judicial guarantees as the main contents to protect citizens' rights. (1) Legislative protection: that is, citizens' rights are recognized in the form of law and guaranteed by the state's coercive force. (2) Judicial guarantee: it refers to punishing all kinds of infringement by law and protecting citizens' rights.

7. What are the basic rights of China citizens? (p9) The basic rights of citizens involve politics, economy, culture and other fields, covering family life, school life, social life and many other aspects. Specifically, it includes: ① the right to equality; ② Political rights and freedoms; ③ Freedom of religious belief; (4) personal freedom; (9) The Constitution is the confirmation and guarantee of citizens' basic rights, and ordinary laws further stipulate citizens' specific rights according to the Constitution. )

8. How should citizens exercise their rights correctly? (p 10- 1 1) ① Citizens should respect the rights of others when exercising their rights. (2) When exercising their rights, citizens shall not harm the interests of the state, society and the collective. (3) Exercise rights within the scope permitted by law. (4) exercising rights according to law.

9. How to exercise the right to freedom of speech (P 1 1) First, citizens should not use freedom of speech to insult or slander others. Second, citizens are not allowed to use freedom of speech to instigate or incite others to commit acts that endanger national security, undermine national unity, corrupt social morality and disrupt social order.

10, citizens' obligations are divided into legal obligations and moral obligations. What is a legal obligation? What are the basic obligations of China citizens stipulated in the Constitution? (p 16) The citizen's obligation stipulated in our Constitution is a legal obligation and a basic obligation of our citizens. Statutory obligations refer to the obligations that citizens must fulfill as stipulated by the Constitution and laws.

1 1. What is moral obligation? What is the function of moral obligation? What are the basic moral standards that China citizens must abide by? (p 17) means that members of society voluntarily assume moral responsibilities to others and society according to social ethics. Patriotism and law-abiding, courtesy and honesty, unity and friendship, diligence and self-improvement, dedication and dedication.

12, ★ Why do citizens have to fulfill their obligations while enjoying their rights? (page p14-15) ① we can't get it without paying, and we can't just enjoy the rights without fulfilling the obligations. We must fulfill our legal obligations, because this is stipulated by the Constitution and laws. In our country, the rights and obligations of citizens are the same. Each of us is not only the subject of enjoying rights, but also the subject of fulfilling obligations. No rights, no obligations, no obligations, no rights.

13, ★ What is the relationship between China law and socialist morality? (p 19.d 1) Connection: China's laws and socialist morality cooperate with each other, promote each other and complement each other. All acts prohibited by law are condemned by socialist morality; There are many legal obligations, which are also the requirements of socialist morality. There are also differences between the two. Legal obligation is stipulated by national laws, and moral obligation is formed spontaneously in social life; Legal obligations are guaranteed to be fulfilled through the compulsory efforts of the state, and moral obligations are fulfilled through the public opinion, habits and voluntary participation of social members. That is, moral obligation is not equal to legal obligation, and failure to perform moral obligation does not necessarily violate legal obligation.

14, ★★★★ How to faithfully perform the obligations? We actively do what the law encourages, we must do what the law requires, and we will never do what the law prohibits.

Unit 2:

1 ★ Personal rights are the most basic and important rights of citizens, including personality rights and identity rights, among which personality rights are the basic rights that people are born with, including life and health rights, personal freedom rights, name rights, portrait rights, reputation rights and privacy rights. (page 25)

2. The right to life and health is the basis of participating in all social activities and enjoying all other rights. Once you lose your life, any right loses its meaning, which is the most fundamental personal right of citizens. What does the right to personal freedom include? (P26)① Within the scope permitted by law, citizens' bodies and wills are completely dominated by themselves; (2) citizens' bodies shall not be illegally searched; (3) citizens' bodies are not illegally detained; (4) citizens' bodies are not illegally detained (that is, illegal body search, illegal confinement and illegal detention are all acts that restrict or deprive citizens of their personal freedom).

3. Why should our laws give special protection to minors' right to life and health? (p26.d2) Minors are the future and hope of the motherland. Because they are young, incompetent and lack of economy, their lives and health are more vulnerable to infringement. What laws specifically protect minors? Law on the Protection of Minors, Law on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency and Law on Compulsory Education (protecting the right of minors to education)

4. What laws in China protect citizens' right to life and health? (p27) Constitution, Criminal Law, General Principles of Civil Law and Public Security Administration Punishment Law

5. What are the ways for citizens to exercise their right to health? (p28)① We have the right to cherish life, maintain health, actively exercise and improve our health, so that we can have a strong body and a high spirit; (2) We have the right to timely treatment when we are sick, to restore health and strengthen our physique; When our life and health are illegally violated by others, we have the right to defend ourselves according to law and request legal protection.

6. How should citizens view the right to life and health of others: No one may illegally deprive others of their lives, even if they are brave, which is an act that infringes on their right to life and health. In daily life, we should know how to control our emotions, tolerate others, and avoid impulsive injuries. We should care about the Holy Spirit, their lives and health, stay away from violence and be law-abiding and helpful.

7. What does the right to personal dignity include? (p35) Right of reputation, portrait, name and privacy.

8. The meaning and expression of the right of reputation (P38): The right of reputation is the right that people enjoy according to law to evaluate their own objective society and exclude others' infringement. Mainly manifested as: the right to control reputation interests and the right to maintain reputation. You can ask the infringer to apologize, eliminate the influence and restore the reputation. If you have caused great mental pain, you also have the right to ask for mental compensation.

9.★ What are the behaviors that infringe the right of reputation? (P38,39) ① Insult: publicly insult others, satirize, laugh at and dig at others in public. . (2) Defamation: refers to the act of fabricating and spreading false facts out of nothing and maliciously slandering others, which can be divided into verbal slander and literal slander. (3) The news report is untrue. 4 false accusation.

10, what is the status of the portrait? (p40) Portrait is also the basic symbol of everyone's personality.

1 1. What does the right to portrait include? (p4 1) Portrait rights include: the right to make portraits, the right to use them and the right to receive remuneration.

12, ★ What are the violations of portrait rights? (p4 1.d2)( 1) Anyone who uses a citizen's portrait (advertisement, magazine cover, calendar) for profit must obtain the consent of the portrait owner, otherwise it will constitute infringement. (2) maliciously destroying, defacing or uglifying the portrait of a citizen. (3) Personal attacks with portraits, etc.

13. What is the right to name? (p43)★ Name right refers to the right of citizens to decide, use and change their own names according to law, as well as the right to exclude others' infringement. Adults aged 18 have the right to decide their own names; Have the right to decide and use their own names, pen names and stage names; Have the right to change the name according to regulations. However, the name right of minors and mental patients shall be exercised by their guardians.

14. What are the contents of a person's name? What is the status of names? (p43) (Content) Names include official names, former names, pen names and stage names. Name is the basic symbol of everyone's personality.

15, ★ What are the manifestations of infringement of the right to name? (p44) Embezzlement and fraudulent use of other people's names are two concrete manifestations of infringing citizens' right to name.

16, the meaning of privacy (P46) Privacy refers to the secrets of personal life that citizens do not want to be known or made public, and has nothing to do with public interests. It includes three aspects: private information, personal affairs and private space.

17. The significance (necessity) of protecting privacy (p46,47) (1) is the need of people's independence and freedom (2) is the need of people's own peace and security (3) is the need of building a people-oriented modern society that respects humanity and individuality.

18, the meaning of the right to privacy (P48) The right to privacy refers to the right that citizens enjoy in private life and the confidentiality of private information according to law. China laws protect citizens' right to privacy.

19. Privacy content (p48-50)( 1) Right to peace in private life (2) Right to keep personal information confidential (3) Right to keep private communications confidential. However, if an individual's private life and personal information are related to social public interests and social and political life, it is not privacy, and activities and crimes in public places are not privacy. )

20. How should we respect the privacy of others? (p5 1-52)( 1) Establish a sense of privacy: understand that everyone is an independent individual and everyone has their own privacy. Don't interfere in other people's private affairs, don't pry into or spread other people's secrets, and correct the bad habit of not respecting other people's privacy. Strengthen the sense of responsibility and reputation (2) Strengthen the sense of responsibility and reputation and keep secrets for relatives and friends.

2 1. What's the invasion of privacy? (p53)( 1) Spying into other people's private lives, spying into other people's secrets by reading diaries and private letters; (2) Spreading others' privacy through hearsay, illegally using others' personal information, etc. , are violations of privacy.

22. Ways to protect your privacy (p55)★( 1) Protect your privacy by law. When the right to privacy is infringed, we should bravely take up legal weapons, take the initiative to negotiate with the infringer and ask for judicial protection, and ask the infringer to stop the infringement, apologize and eliminate the influence. If it causes great mental pain, we also have the right to ask for mental compensation. (2) Enhance self-protection awareness and lock your privacy.

Unit 3:

1 ★ Significance and function of education (p58-60) Meaning: Education aims at promoting people's development and social progress, and cultivates people's social activities by imparting knowledge and experience. Function: For individuals, on the one hand, it is to prepare for everyone's life, which is a necessary prerequisite for individuals to live independently. On the other hand, stimulate people's potential, constantly improve and innovate themselves, thus opening up the road of human development and laying the foundation for the future. Education can acquire knowledge, and knowledge can change fate. (P59) For a nation and a country, education will make the future. (page 60)

2. What is the right to education? (p60) The right to education means that citizens have the opportunity to receive national cultural education and have the right to get material help from education. Modern society should have the concept of lifelong education.

3. What is compulsory education? What is its legal basis? (p6 1) Compulsory education is a national education that school-age children and adolescents must receive according to law and must be guaranteed by the state, society, schools and families. The Compulsory Education Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) is the legal guarantee for the implementation of compulsory education in China.

4. What are the characteristics of compulsory education? (p6 1)( 1) Mandatory: implementation and enforcement are guaranteed by the national mandatory force. (2) public welfare, that is, free of tuition and fees. It is associated with free sexual intercourse. (3) Unity and unified compulsory education throughout the country.

As a student who is receiving nine-year compulsory education, should he fulfill his obligation to receive education in this way? (p64) First, earnestly fulfill the obligation to go to school on time; Second, earnestly fulfill the obligation to accept compulsory education for a specified number of years and not drop out of school; Third, earnestly fulfill the obligation of observing discipline and law, respect teachers, and strive to complete the prescribed learning tasks.

6.★ Why is it not a private matter for children to go to school? According to the compulsory education law, education is a right of citizens, and no one has the right to deprive it, including his parents. At the same time, receiving compulsory education is not only a citizen's right, but also a citizen's legal obligation, which must be fulfilled. If you don't want to go to school, it is a violation of the compulsory education law and will be punished by law. It can be seen that children's not going to school is not only a personal matter, but a major event related to the future of the country and the nation.

7. What are the types of property and what are the lawful properties of citizens? (p68-69) Classification: State-owned, collective and individual. The lawful personal property of citizens includes: citizens' lawful income, houses, savings, daily necessities, cultural relics, books and materials, trees, livestock, means of production and other lawful property that citizens are allowed to own by law. (Illegally acquired property is not owned by individuals)

8. What is property ownership? (p70)★ Property ownership refers to the right of the owner to possess, use, benefit and dispose of his property according to law. It is a legal expression of who owns the property and a civil right directly related to economic interests. In China, the ownership of citizens' legitimate property is protected by law.

9. Why should our laws protect the ownership of citizens' legitimate property? ① It is directly related to the food, clothing, housing and transportation of citizens themselves and their family members, and is the material basis for citizens to realize other rights. ② It is of great significance to maintain the normal life of citizens and encourage them to accumulate wealth and create wealth.

10, how does China's law protect the ownership of citizens' legitimate property? (p71-73) (1) (1) Civil law is an important weapon to protect citizens' legitimate property and ownership. The ownership of citizens' legitimate property is often protected by ordering the infringer to restore the damaged property to its original state and compensate the victims for their economic losses. (2) Criminal law is a sharp weapon to protect citizens' legitimate property and ownership. Criminals who violate property are usually sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment, life imprisonment and death penalty to protect the ownership of citizens' legitimate property.

1 1 ★ What are the ways for citizens to safeguard their legitimate property ownership? (1) Confirming property ownership is the premise of implementing other ways to protect legal property ownership stipulated by law (you can bring a lawsuit to the people's court to confirm its ownership according to law) (2) You can also request ① to return the original property, ② to remove obstacles, ③ to restore the original state, and ③ to compensate for losses. (3) bring an administrative lawsuit to the people's court, demand that the award be revoked according to law, or make administrative compensation. (page 74)

What is a legacy? What conditions must be met as heredity? Personal legal property left by the decedent is called inheritance. As an inheritance, there are three necessary conditions: first, it must be the property left by citizens when they die; Second, it must be the property owned by individual citizens; Third, it must be legal property.

13, what are the decedent and heir? The deceased who left the property is legally called the heir. A person who inherits the estate of the deceased according to law is called an heir.

14. Who is the heir? What is the scope determined by the heir? (p77) Spouse, children, parents, brothers and sisters, grandparents, grandparents. The scope of heirs is established according to blood relationship, marriage relationship and dependency relationship. (The people's court protects minors' right of inheritance according to law)

15, ★ How to divide the order of legal heirs? (p77, p77) China's "Inheritance Law" stipulates that the inheritance shall be inherited in the order of inheritance. Heirs in the first order include: spouse, children and parents. Heirs in the second order include: brothers and sisters, grandparents. After the inheritance begins, the successor in the first order inherits, and the successor in the second order does not inherit. If there is no successor in the first order to inherit or the successor in the first order gives up the right of inheritance, the successor in the second order will inherit.

16, what is the right of inheritance? (p77) The right of inheritance refers to the right of the heir to obtain the decedent's estate according to law. When trying cases of inheritance, the people's courts shall protect minors' right of inheritance according to law.

17, ★ What is legal succession and how to divide the order of legal heirs? (p77-78) Legal inheritance refers to the way of inheritance in which the scope and order of heirs are directly stipulated by law and the principle of inheritance share distribution is directly stipulated by law.

18, ★ What is testamentary succession? What are the advantages of testamentary succession? (p78) Testamentary succession refers to the way in which heirs inherit the decedent's estate according to the decedent's will. Its greatest advantage is that the decedent can dispose of the property completely according to his own wishes. Testamentary succession takes precedence over legal succession.

19, ★ What is a heritage? (p79) The law allows citizens to leave their property to people other than the legal heirs after death, which is called bequest. The legatee's legacy is protected by Chinese laws. Legacy does not belong to testamentary succession.

20. What should I do when there is a dispute over inheritance rights? (1) When the property inheritance right is infringed, we should strengthen the awareness of rights protection, learn to rely on social forces and use legal weapons to safeguard our legitimate rights and interests. (2) We should also pay attention to family ties, the spirit of mutual understanding and mutual accommodation, care for and respect each other, inherit and carry forward traditional Chinese virtues, and practice socialist morality.

2 1, what is intellectual achievement? (p8 1) refers to the labor achievements created by human mental labor, which are manifested as scientific and technological achievements, inventions and literary and artistic works.

22. What is the right to intellectual achievements? Is there an age limit for the right to intellectual achievements? (p82) The right to intellectual achievements, namely intellectual property rights. It is to confirm and protect the exclusive rights of "products" created by people (including citizens and legal persons) in the spiritual fields such as science, technology, literature and art, including copyright, patent right, trademark right and trade secret right. There is no age limit for intellectual achievements, and the state protects minors' right to intellectual achievements and honor from infringement according to law. 23. Protecting the right to intellectual achievements depends on the public's awareness of safeguarding rights. (1) As citizens, when their intellectual achievements are infringed, they should use legal weapons to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests. (2) We should also actively participate in the social protection of intellectual achievements, respect other people's mental work, and do nothing that infringes on other people's intellectual achievements.

24. Consumption types: material consumption and spiritual consumption. What is the relationship between consumers and operators? (p86, p87)( 1) Consumers decide whether goods and their operators can be recognized. (2) Consumers are at a disadvantage, operators are in a favorable position, and individual operators cheat and damage consumers, causing consumers to suffer huge losses.

25. What is the significance of protecting consumers' rights and interests? (p89) Protecting consumers' rights and interests is conducive to promoting the development of production, ensuring the smooth progress of social reproduction, maintaining the normal order of society and enabling people to live a better life.

26. What laws specifically protect consumers' rights and interests in China? Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) on the Protection of Consumer Rights and Interests

27. What rights do consumers enjoy? (p9 1)(9 items) ★ Chinese consumers have the right to safety (personal and property safety is the basic condition for citizens to survive in society), the right to know (the right to know the real situation of the goods they buy or use or the services they receive), the right to choose independently (the right to choose the operators who provide goods or services independently), and the right to fair trade (the quality is guaranteed, the price is reasonable, the measurement is correct, and the operators are refused to make compulsory transactions).

28. As consumers, what obligations should we perform? (p92) Maintain market order and be a cultured, orderly and ethical consumer (modest in attitude, polite in words, thoughtful in choosing goods, grateful to the sales staff for their excellent service, and safeguarding the legitimate interests of producers and operators).

As consumers, we should protect our rights in this way to avoid being cheated? (p93-94) Cultivating a pair of "discerning eyes" requires us to enhance our judgment and choice ability, learn and master the knowledge about consumption, and master the knowledge about consumer rights protection.

30. When consumers' rights and interests are infringed, what are the ways to protect their rights? (p96)( 1) Negotiate with the operator to solve the problem (2) Ask the consumer association for mediation (3) Appeal to the relevant administrative department (4) Submit it to the arbitration organ for arbitration according to the arbitration agreement reached with the operator (5) Bring a lawsuit to the people's court.

Unit 4:

1, the understanding of fairness, different times, different individuals, facing different problems, have different understandings of fairness. Fairness embodies people's pursuit of freedom, respect for rights and affirmation of their own strength.

2. What do you think is fair? (1) You deserve fairness. (2) Be reasonable in handling things. Everyone who participates in social cooperation should bear their share of responsibility and get the benefits they deserve. (p 100 - 10 1)

3. What is the effect of fairness on social stability and development? (p 102)( 1) Fairness is beneficial to the long-term stability of society. (2) With fairness, society can provide equal rights and opportunities for human development, and the survival and development of every member of society can be guaranteed. With fairness, we can get what we deserve through honest labor and meet our reasonable expectations, thus mobilizing our enthusiasm. (3) Only in this way can we promote the stability and development of the whole society.

4. Rationality Facing the unfairness in social life (p 103)( 1) Fairness is always restricted by certain social conditions, and fairness is always relative. No matter how hard we try, we can't achieve absolute fairness. Nevertheless, we still need to make unremitting efforts to create a fairer society.

What should we do in the face of unfair phenomena in real life? (p104-105) (1) Enhance the awareness of rights, be good at finding solutions, seek help and solve problems through legal means, and seek maximum fairness. (2) Rational reflection on one's own values and objective view of the "unfair" phenomenon in life; (3) Advocate fairness, uphold justice, fight against acts that undermine fairness, and lend a helping hand to the victims.

6. What is the meaning of fair cooperation? (p 106) Society needs cooperation. Cooperation is a necessary condition for normal social life, and cooperation based on fairness is good cooperation. In this kind of cooperation, we can give full play to people's enthusiasm and creativity, ensure personal interests and avoid unnecessary internal friction, thus promoting the efficient and harmonious operation of society.

7. How can I cooperate fairly with others? (p 106) In order to cooperate better, we need to undertake what we should do, and we must never just enjoy the benefits without paying, otherwise it will be unfair to others. Only by doing what you should do well can you get what you deserve. When we give, we are also reaping the contribution of others. Fair cooperation is necessarily mutually beneficial cooperation. Establishing a sense of fairness and cooperation will help us integrate into society smoothly and make contributions to society.

8.★ What is a just act and what is an unjust act? All acts that promote the progress and development of human society and safeguard public interests and the legitimate rights and interests of others are just acts. Any behavior that hinders the progress and development of human society and harms the public interests and the legitimate rights and interests of others is unjust. Doing what is just and not doing what is unjust is the basic requirement of being a man. (p 109)

9. What is the role of the judicial system? (p109-110) (1) Fair treatment must be guaranteed by a fair system, which is composed of publicly announced procedures and rules. Its justice lies in that it is not formulated for a few people, but for the interests of all members of society. (2) Justice is guaranteed by the system. With a just system, even people at the bottom of society can get basic survival guarantee; Even the most vulnerable groups in society are cared for by society and will not become forgotten corners.

What is the relationship between justice and fairness? When we participate in social cooperation and competition, a just system gives people the support and guarantee of fair cooperation; When we encounter unfair things, the acquisition of fairness also needs the support of a fair system. From this perspective, there is no real fairness without a just system. (p 1 1 1)

1 1. How should we consciously safeguard justice? (1) Since childhood, I have consciously established the ideology of being proud of observing various social systems and rules, formed the good habit of consciously observing various social systems and rules, and safeguarded justice with practical actions. (2) Be a person with a sense of justice. (p 1 12- 1 13)

8. What's the harm of unfair behavior? Unfair behavior will damage the rights and opportunities of others, and then endanger the whole society.

9. What harm will it do to choose a negative attitude in the face of unfair behavior? Undoubtedly, it will promote the spread of injustice, and ultimately harm not only the interests of a certain person. It will harm the interests of the whole society and our own interests.

10, what are the specific contents of a sense of justice? (p 1 14)( 1) A person with a sense of justice will show appreciation and reverence for just behavior, be full of yearning and pursuit for justice, and be willing to put his reverence for justice into action. (2) In the face of injustice, people will feel uneasy, dissatisfied and angry, and even take action to safeguard justice.

1 1. Why do you want to be a person with a sense of justice? (3) This is a good moral character that a person should possess.

12, ★ How to be a person with a sense of justice? (p 1 15) If injustice happens to you, you can take appropriate measures to fight it; If you see injustice happening to others, you can be brave and give timely solidarity and help to the victims. Paying attention to minors, we should not only have the spirit of being brave, but also have the skills of being brave, and try our best to safeguard justice without hurting ourselves.