(a) The main source of the theme-; –; 1. Problems raised by social change and development on educational research; 2. Problems arising from the deepening, expansion or transformation of discipline theory; 3. Problems arising from personal observation and thinking of researchers in educational practice;

(2) the basic requirements of the topic-; –; 1. The problem itself should be novel and worth studying; 2. The problem has certain scientific theoretical basis and factual basis; 3. The problem statement must be specific and clear; 4. The problem research should be feasible (objective conditions, subjective conditions, timing issues);

(3) Educational research hypothesis-; –; 1. The meaning of the hypothesis is to make a speculative judgment or a hypothetical explanation of the law or reason of the research problem according to certain scientific knowledge and new scientific facts. Scientific research is a tentative theory conceived in advance before research; 2. Function: Hypothesis is the forerunner of theory and plays a central role; (1) Help researchers to clarify the research purpose and limit the collection scope of research data; (2) According to the content of the hypothesis, it involves specific schemes to collect data to further verify the hypothesis; (3) It is beneficial for researchers to effectively control variables, avoid the blindness of research and ensure the quality of research results; 3. The main types of hypotheses: ① inductive hypothesis, deductive hypothesis and research hypothesis ② descriptive hypothesis, explanatory hypothesis and? Hypothesis; 4. The main variables involved in the hypothesis are: ① Independent variables are experimental variables, which are experimental situations or conditional factors designed and arranged by the experimenters, manipulated and controlled artificially and changed in a planned way; (2) The dependent variable, that is, the response variable, changes with the change of the independent variable, which is the changing factor that the experimenter needs to observe, measure and calculate; ③ Irrelevant variables are disturbance variables or control variables; 5. Normative requirements of hypothetical expression: hypothetical expression should be simple, clear, specific and clear; In addition, the variables in the research hypothesis should be controllable and measurable, and the relationship between them should be meaningful and detectable;

(4) making educational research plans; –; 1. Select the research object (1) population, sample and sampling: the population is the sum of specific research objects; A sample is a part of a representative individual extracted from a population, also known as a sample group. What can represent the population is a certain number of basic observation units, and the number of individuals contained in the sample is called sample size. Sampling is a process of extracting a certain number of representative individuals from a population to study according to certain rules; (2) Basic requirements for selecting samples: ① Clearly define the population (depending on the purpose of the study and the external effectiveness and feasibility of the study); ② Randomness of sampling; ③ representativeness of sampling; ④ Reasonable sample size: The sample size depends on the research purpose and the accuracy of the scheduled analysis; Sampling methods and statistical methods adopted; Homogeneity of the research object population; The time, manpower and material resources of the researchers; ⑤ Feasibility of sampling; (3) Reference value of sample size: ① For descriptive research and investigation research, the scale is 10% of the total, not less than100 except in a few cases; (2) Related research and comparative research, each group has not less than 30 satisfactory samples; ③ Experimental study: 65,438+05 students in each group under strict conditions, and one natural teaching class without strict conditions; (4) Basic sampling methods: ① Simple random sampling (lottery and random number table), provided that the total number of samples is limited and the number is not large; The advantage is convenience and easy operation, but the disadvantage is that it is not suitable for large samples; (2) Systematic random sampling (equidistant sampling) is suitable for large samples, but not for periodic sample distribution; ③ Stratification is random, and the applicable condition is that the whole composition is complex and there are great differences among the components. The advantage is that it can effectively reduce errors, but the disadvantage is that you must have a certain understanding of each layer as a whole; (4) Cluster random sampling is suitable for large population, large quantity and high homogeneity between layers, with the advantage of simple sampling method and the disadvantage of large error; 2. Determine the research methods: choose methods according to the research purpose, subject characteristics, subjective and objective conditions of research and the advantages and disadvantages of various methods, and pay attention to the independence and interconnection of various methods; 3. Make a research plan, including ① research topic ② briefly explain the purpose and significance of the research topic ③ basic content ④ research ideas and methods of the research topic, and make a research work plan and schedule ⑤ existing work basis and related conditions ⑤ expected orientation and application scope of the research results; ⑦ Budget estimate and instruments and equipment to be purchased;

(5) The basic content of project demonstration-; –; 1. A summary of related research literature. Demonstrate the basic ideas of the research. Demonstrate the steps, methods and means of research. Feasibility demonstration of subject research.

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