During the Republic of China, education was characterized by a hundred schools of thought contending, accepting western cultural and educational ideas, criticizing China's traditional culture, and attaching importance to the combination of talents, education and productive labor. Many patriots take an active part in China's cultural and educational undertakings to enlighten the people.

The new school in the late Qing Dynasty was a western education model introduced by the Qing government, with the aim of "taking middle school as the body and western learning as the use". In addition, a large number of overseas students were sent abroad in the late Qing Dynasty, and many of these college students later became the mainstay of education in China, laying an extremely important foundation for education in the Republic of China.

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The establishment of new schools and the arrival of the Republic of China have brought soil and environment for the rise and exploration of new education. The new school objectively enlightened people's wisdom, set off a new style of study, and promoted the wave of history. They laid a solid foundation for education in the Republic of China. Those who studied abroad at public expense returned to China and came to the Republic of China with new ideas and concepts.

The Revolution of 1911 successfully overthrew the Qing Dynasty, and the arrival of the Republic of China brought new vitality to the political environment of educational development. After the founding of the Republic of China, Sun Yat-sen immediately emphasized the implementation of free and compulsory education in China.