Language method
1 definition
Language method refers to the method of guiding students to learn and master learning contents and exercises by using various forms of language in the process of physical education teaching.
2 Specific ways
The specific ways of using language methods in physical education teaching are: explanation, password and instruction, oral report, oral evaluation, meditation and self-suggestion.
(1) explanation
A. Definition:
Explaining is a method for teachers to explain teaching objectives, action names, action essentials, action methods, rules and requirements to students, and to guide students to learn and master sports skills.
B, specific ways
Explanations can be divided into direct, subsection, summary, emphasis, contrast, agitation, cohesion and so on.
C, when using the explanation should be paid attention to:
First, clarify the purpose of the explanation
B, explain the content should be correct, in line with the students' ability to accept.
C, the explanation should be vivid and concise.
The explanation should be enlightening
E, pay attention to the timing and effect of the explanation.
(2) Password and description
Password refers to a method of commanding and organizing students to complete any activities and exercises in the most concise language. When using passwords, be accurate, loud, rhythmic and energetic.
Guidance refers to a method of organizing and guiding students to carry out activities with relatively concise language and relatively peaceful tone. Instructions should be clear, firm, accurate and timely.
(3) Oral evaluation
Oral evaluation refers to a method to evaluate students' behavior performance and exercise completion by oral means according to teaching standards. When using evaluation, we should give priority to positive and encouraging evaluation, point out the direction of efforts and provide improvement methods.
(4) Oral report
Oral report is a language way for teachers to ask students to explain their views concisely according to teaching objectives and their own experiences. This way helps to promote students' positive thinking, improve students' self-evaluation ability, language organization ability and expression ability, and help teachers to know the feedback information in time.
(5) Meditation and self-suggestion
Meditation is a method for students to reproduce the process, key points and space-time characteristics of a certain part of the whole action or application through silent language (thinking) before actual practice, so as to improve the practice effect. Self-suggestion is a method for students to recite some mandatory words and phrases in the actual practice process and self-adjust the practice process.
direct-vision method
1 definition
Intuitive method refers to the method in which teachers directly perceive actions by means of students' visual, auditory, tactile and muscle proprioception organs through actual demonstration or external help in the process of physical education teaching.
2 Specific ways
The intuitive methods commonly used in physical education teaching include: action demonstration, teaching AIDS and model demonstration, video recording, assistance and confrontation, orientation and guidance, etc.
(1) Action demonstration
A. Definition
Action demonstration is a method that teachers or teachers designate students to take a specific action as an example to make students understand the image, structure and essentials of the action.
B, when using the demonstration should pay attention to:
First, we must have a clear purpose.
B, the demonstration should be correct
Accurate, skilled, relaxed and elegant
C, correctly choose the position and direction of the demonstration action
Front demonstration, side demonstration, back demonstration, mirror demonstration.
D, demonstration and explanation should be organically combined.
Explain first and then demonstrate, demonstrate first and then explain, and demonstrate while explaining.
(2) Teaching AIDS and model demonstrations
Teaching AIDS and model demonstration are methods to show the structure, process, main points and space-time characteristics of practice movements by using intuitive means such as wall charts, photos and models, so as to help students correctly perceive exercises and movements.
(3) Movies and TV videos
Video recording is an audio-visual means of audio-visual teaching, which intuitively shows the process and space-time characteristics of exercises and movements, and helps students better perceive and understand exercises and movements.
(4) Assistance and resistance
Strength and resistance refers to an intuitive way to help students experience the correct time, size, direction and time-space characteristics of exertion by means of external force and through tactile and muscular proprioception, so as to correctly master movements.
(5) Positioning and leadership
Orientation is to use relatively static concrete visual symbols to intuitively indicate the direction, amplitude, trajectory and force point of action to students.
Guidance is an intuitive way to stimulate and motivate students with relatively dynamic and advanced audio-visual signals and help them complete their actions.
Complete method and decomposition method
Integrity method
(1) definition
The complete method refers to the method of teaching an action completely from beginning to end, regardless of parts and paragraphs.
Its advantages: it helps to keep the complete structure of movements and helps students master movements completely. Its disadvantage: it is difficult to learn, which is not conducive to mastering the more difficult movement links in the complete movement.
It is suitable for simple movements or movements that are difficult but cannot be decomposed.
(2) Several common methods of using holistic method:
(1), directly apply (2), emphasize the key points (3), reduce the difficulty (4), and change the external conditions of practice.
decomposition method
(1) definition
Decomposition method is a method of reasonably decomposing a complete movement technique into several parts and paragraphs, teaching them one by one, and finally mastering the movement technique completely.
Its advantages: it can reduce the difficulty, simplify the teaching process, shorten the teaching time, improve the learning confidence and master the sports skills quickly. Its disadvantages: it is easy to split and destroy the technical structure of the action.
It is suitable for: complex and reasonably decomposable actions.
(2) Several common methods of using holistic method:
(1), according to the characteristics of action technology, adopt a reasonable decomposition method.
Decomposition methods include: single (pure) segmentation, progressive segmentation, forward segmentation, reverse segmentation and others.
(2) When dividing the paragraphs and parts of action technology, we should consider the organic connection between each part and the paragraph.
Don't break the structure of the action
(3), clear the position and role of each part and paragraph in the complete action.
(4) Decompose on the basis of establishing a complete concept of action, and make a timely transition to a complete method.
Error prevention and correction method
1 definition
Error prevention and correction method is a method to take effective measures to prevent and correct students' wrong actions in advance in the process of sports skill teaching, aiming at students' formation and mastery of wrong actions and their causes.
2. Causes of action errors
Biomechanical reasons of (1) motion
(2) Physiological reasons
(3) The reasons of educational psychology
(4) the external environment and conditions of teaching.
(5) Teachers' quality and organizing teaching methods.
3 methods to prevent and correct mistakes
(1) Strengthening concept method (2) Migration method (3) Reducing difficulty method (4) Signal prompt method
(5) external help method
4 the process of preventing and correcting errors
Predicting possible wrong actions-observing and discovering wrong actions-analyzing the causes of wrong actions-taking corresponding measures-checking and verifying the correction effect-summing up teaching experience and improving teaching level.
Game method and competition method
Game method
(1) definition
Game method refers to giving full play to individual initiative and creativity to complete the reservation within the scope permitted by the rules.
The method of the task.
(2) When using the game method, we should pay attention to:
(1), according to the teaching objectives, choose the appropriate content and form of activities, and adopt corresponding rules and requirements.
(2) Encourage students to give full play to their initiative and creativity while educating them to abide by the rules.
(3) Do a good job in judging the competition and evaluate the results objectively and fairly.
(4) Arrange the venue equipment and strengthen the organization of the competition.
(5) Comment after the game and point out the advantages and disadvantages.
Competition method
(1) definition
Competition method refers to the method of organizing students to practice under the condition of competition.
(2) When using competitive methods, we should pay attention to:
(1), and define the purpose of using the competition mode.
(2) Reasonable pairing and grouping
(3), timely use
(4) In the competition, teachers should strengthen the organization and management, and ask students to abide by the rules of the competition to prevent injury accidents.
(5) Make a summary in time after the game.
How to set the goal of physical education teaching and express it concretely
Expression is subject, verb, situation or condition, and degree of expression.
Knowledge and skills: the basic goal, the writing format is-"learning? Preliminary mastery? ; Establish? Concept, can you say? " .
Behavior subject: refers to students, and the subject can be omitted generally. Teaching objectives describe students' learning behavior rather than teachers' behavior, and "knowing how to make" and "knowing how to speak" indicate that students are the main actors in achieving the objectives. For example, you can tell the essentials of one-handed shoulder shooting. A breakthrough in the new curriculum standard is to put forward the requirement of three-dimensional goals, which take cultivating students' emotional attitudes and values as an important goal, and the unity of three-dimensional goals is the premise for teachers to implement the value orientation and training objectives of the new curriculum standard in the classroom.