The social status of the family
The distant ancestor of Confucius was a noble in the Song Dynasty and a descendant of the Yin royal family. After the destruction of Yin, the Song Dynasty made Yin the imperial clan. From spread to, Song and Ding, and then to. Gong Min's eldest son Fu Fu asked his younger brother to worship this country. What does your father do? Confucius' ancestors changed from serving families to serving officials' families. He Zhi, the great grandson of Fu's father, is taking an examination of his father. He has served as a senior minister for a long time and is known for his modesty. Confucius' father Jia, the sixth ancestor of Confucius, was succeeded by Song Sima. According to Zhou's etiquette system, doctors are not allowed to wait on their ancestors. "Five generations of relatives and friends, don't wait for the public." Therefore, their descendants took Kong as their surname. After the Song Dynasty, Taizaihua's father personally directed the uprising and killed Gong and Kong's father Jia. His descendants took refuge in Lu (since then, Kong has been a native of Lu), and his position in the Qing Dynasty began to lose and he was reduced to a scholar. Fang Shu, the great-grandfather of Confucius, was once a butcher in Fang Lu. Xia Bo's grandfather's deeds have not been tested. My father's name is Ge, uncle Zi, also known as Shu. He is a samurai and is famous for his bravery. Shu married Shi first and had no children. My concubine gave birth to a son and became ill. Later, she remarried to Yan Zai and gave birth to Confucius.
all one's life
The birth year of Confucius is generally based on historical records? Confucius' home was recorded as Duke Xiang of Lu for twenty-two years, but the Historical Records did not record the date of birth and birthday. According to Gu Liang's biography, Confucius was born in October. Converted into the current Gregorian calendar, it should be born on September 8 +0, 5565438 BC.
Confucius was born in Shandong. Lu, his son, is the fief of Boqin, where intact cultural relics and ancient books of the Zhou Dynasty are preserved and known as the "hometown of rites and music". In the 29th year of Duke Xiang of Lu (544 BC), Wu's son was amazed at Lu. In the second year of Lu (the first 540 years), the doctor of Jin Dynasty visited Lu, and after reading it, he praised "Zhou Li is in Lu!" Lu's cultural tradition and academic decline at that time had a great influence on the formation of Confucius' thought.
Confucius lost his father in his early years and his family declined. He once said: "I am cheap because I am few, so I can despise." When I was young, I worked as a "Commissioner" (in charge of granaries) and a "farmer" (in charge of cattle and sheep). Although Confucius lived in poverty, he was "determined to learn" at the age of fifteen. He is good at learning from others. He once said, "When we have a threesome, we must learn from each other. Choose good and follow it, but change it if it is not good. " ("The Analects? Shuer) He is self-taught and never tires of learning. The villagers also praised him as "knowledgeable".
Confucius "stood at thirty" and began to give lectures. Whoever brings a little "Liang Xiu" will be accepted as a student. Such as Yan Lu, Ceng Dian, Luz, Berniu, You Ran, Zigong and Yan Yuan. Is one of the early disciples. Lu Zhishen's sons, Meng and Nangong, both came to learn etiquette, which shows the merits of Confucius in running a school. The establishment of private schools broke the tradition of "learning is in the official" and further promoted the downward movement of academic culture.
After the founding of Lu, the regime was in the hands of Sanhuan, headed by Ji. In the early years of Zhao Gong, the three families divided up the military power of the Lu army. Kong Liao once expressed indignation at Ji's trespassing behavior of "eight steps of court dance". In the 25th year of Zhao Gong (5 17 BC), there was civil strife in Lu, and Confucius left Lu to Qi. Qi Jinggong asked Confucius about politics, and Confucius said, "Jun Jun, minister, father and son." He added: "Politics is about saving money." The ruler of Qi is doctor Chen. Although he likes Confucius' words, he can't use them.
Confucius was frustrated in Qi, so he returned to Lu, "retiring to learn poetry, etiquette and music, and attracting many disciples". People come from far away to study in almost all the waiting countries. At that time, Lu was under the control of Ji's family, and Ji's family was subject to its retainer. Confucius was dissatisfied that the government was not in the hands of the monarch, but in the hands of doctors, and was unwilling to be an official. He said, "Being unjust and rich is like a cloud to me."
In the ninth year of Lu (50 1 year), Yang Huo was expelled and Confucius was appointed as the commander of the capital of Lu at the age of 5 1 year. "After a year's work, it's dry on all sides." Therefore, it all moved to Sikong and was promoted to be a big shepherd. In the tenth year of Lu (the first 500 years), Confucius attended the Qilu Oracle Bone Conference. Confucius believed that "those who have military affairs must have weapons, and those who have military affairs must have weapons." Early prevention frustrated the premeditated plan to hijack the Lu army by force, and recovered the land of Lu' an, Guanfu and tortoise occupied by Qi through diplomatic means. In the 12th year of Ding Dynasty (498 BC), in order to strengthen public office and contain Sanhuan, Confucius cited the ancient system that "the family does not hide armor, and the city has no pheasants", and put forward the plan of "reducing the three capitals", which was implemented through Ren Jishi's sub-road. Because Confucius took advantage of the contradiction between Sanhuan and courtiers, Ji Sun and his uncle Sun Shi agreed to destroy Fei Yi and Houyi respectively. Dan Shi was incited by his ministers, the people and his father and opposed the siege. It is impossible to set up a public encirclement. Confucius' plan was frustrated.
Confucius was an official of the State of Lu. People in the State of Qi were afraid that the State of Lu would become powerful and merge with themselves, so they enjoyed their daughters in the State of Lu and Ji. Ji was entertained by seven women and refused to listen to political affairs for three days. Confucius' political ambition was difficult to display, so he led more than ten disciples, including Yan Hui, Luz, Zigong and You Ran, to leave the "land of parents" and began a wandering life of 14 years. Confucius was 55 years old that year. Chen went to defend the country first, received courtesy first, and then was monitored for fear of being convicted. After crossing the quarry, he was besieged for five days. After the pass, I wanted to go to Jin in Puzhi, but I had to go back to Wei because of the civil strife in Jin. I met Nanzi, which aroused many doubts. Wei Linggong was lazy in politics and didn't need Confucius. Confucius said, "If you use me, it will take only one month and three years." The guards were in chaos at home, and Confucius left Wei Cao Jing to send Song directly. Sima Huankui of the Song Dynasty tried to kill Confucius. When he disguised himself as Zheng of the Song Dynasty, Confucius was sixty years old. Later, Confucius traveled to and from Cai Chen many times, which was "between Cai Chen and Cai Chen". According to historical records, King Zhao of Chu came to hire Confucius, and Dr. Chen and Dr. Cai surrounded Confucius, causing famine for seven days. After the clearance, Confucius went to Chu, and soon King Zhao of Chu died. Wei wants to use Confucius. Confucius answered Lutz's question and said that "correcting the name" must be the first thing in politics. After returning to Wei, Confucius was regarded as a "sage", but it was still useless. In the eleventh year (484 BC), Ran returned to Lu and led the army to defeat the Qi army in Lang. Ji Kangzi sent someone to greet Confucius with coins. Confucius returned to Lu at the age of sixty-eight.
After Confucius returned to Lu, people in Lu praised "the country is old". At first, Lu Aigong and Ji Kangzi often asked each other about political affairs, but they were not reused. In his later years, Confucius devoted himself to sorting out documents and continuing to engage in education. In the 16th year of Lu Aigong (479 BC), Confucius died and was buried in Surabaya, north of Lucheng. Confucius (5565438 BC+0-479 BC), named Zhong Ni, was born in Lu (now southeast of Qufu, Shandong) at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period.
He was a famous thinker, educator and founder of Confucianism in ancient China. According to legend, there are 3000 disciples and 72 disciples of saints. Confucius led his disciples around the world 14 years. Confucius is also an ancient literature collator. He edited poetry books, defined rites and music, and prefaced Zhouyi as Chunqiu. Confucius' thoughts and theories have far-reaching influence on later generations.
Confucius' life experience
According to textual research, Confucius' sixth ancestor was Kong, a doctor in the Song Dynasty. He worked as a Fu and was killed in the civil strife in the imperial court. His son Mu fled to Lu to avoid genocide. From then on, Kong settled down in this city and became a Lu native.
Confucius' father is called Ge (a word, and Ge is a name), and his mother is called Yan Zhizai. Shu Lianggan was a famous warrior in Lu at that time. He made two military exploits and worked as a doctor in Qiaoyi. Shu married Shi first, gave birth to nine daughters and no children. He married another concubine and gave birth to a son named Bernie, also named Meng Pi. There was something wrong with Meng Pi's foot, and Shu was very dissatisfied, so he married Yan Zhizai again. At that time, Shu was 66 years old and Yan Zhizai was less than 20 years old.
Confucius was born in Changping Township (now southeast of Qufu City, Shandong Province) in 55 1 year BC (the 22nd year of Duke Xiang of Lu). Because my parents prayed for the birth of a child on Niqiu Mountain, they named it Qiuzi. When Confucius was three years old, he died, and the Confucius family became the world of historians. Historians are evil. Meng Pi's biological mother was abused by historians and died one year before her death in Shu. Confucius and his mother were not tolerated by historians, so Yan Zhizai, the mother of Confucius, had to move to Qufu Que with Confucius and Meng Pi, and her life was difficult. Confucius/kloc-died when he was 0/7 years old. Confucius/kloc-married the daughter of an official in the song dynasty at the age of 0/9. A year later, the official gave birth to a son. Zhao Gong sent someone to congratulate him. Confucius felt very honored and named his son carp, the word "Bo fish".
Confucius himself
In China's 5,000-year history, Confucius has the greatest influence on the Chinese nation's character and temperament. Confucius was an educator, thinker and half politician, but most importantly, he was a noble intellectual. He is upright, optimistic and enterprising, pursuing truth, goodness and beauty all his life and pursuing an ideal society all his life. His success and failure are related to his personality. His character has influenced China people for thousands of years, especially the intellectuals in China.
The article is never tired of changing.
It is important to revise a concise and good article.
Bai Juyi said, "A good poem is never tired of being changed." The ingredients are of course the same. Wang Biao, a native of the Qing Dynasty, once said in the Law on Entering Higher Schools by Articles: "Writing is like attacking jade. Today, a layer of stone is attacked, and jade is slightly seen; If you attack again, the stone will come out. " Mr. Lu Xun, a master of modern literary world, also took "reading it at least twice, deleting unnecessary words, sentences and paragraphs as far as possible, leaving no regrets" as his personal creative experience and earnestly warned readers; Lao She and Mr. Sun Li also had similar teachings.
Wang Gou of the Yuan Dynasty once said, "Every time Ouyang Gong achieves something, he will be transformed, even for those who don't leave a word." It is said that this is how Zuiwengting Ji was changed; Cao Xueqin wrote The Story of the Stone, which he read for ten years and added and deleted five times. Nikolai Gogol wrote Dead Soul, but it was revised 99 times ... The writings of Chinese and foreign celebrities are really well-intentioned! They set an example for future generations. We should learn from their meticulous spirit and rigorous creative attitude with an open mind and seriously revise our composition.
So, how to modify the article?
First of all, of course, it is reasonable to cut according to the theme and intention of the article. It's like buying a piece of cloth and cutting it into tops, pants and skirts as needed. Stay, stay, and go. Even if there are beautiful patterns on the cloth, it is redundant if you can't bear to cut them.
Secondly, adjust the structure appropriately. The arrangement order of materials, the angle of using materials, the transition and care of writing should be carefully considered and made as reasonable as possible.
Another very important issue is the modification of language expression. The tempering of language is not built in a day, and it is also very abstract. We might as well learn from the story of the ancients changing poems (songs).
When Zheng Banqiao was young, she went out for an outing with her teacher and found a female corpse under a bridge. The teacher recited a poem: "Twenty-eight girls are more charming, and the wind blows under the bridge." Three souls follow the waves, and seven souls are full of waves. "Zheng Banqiao said," teacher, how do you know this woman is sixteen? How do you know it was blown off the bridge by the wind? What do you think of her three souls and seven souls? " The teacher was speechless when asked. He pondered for a long time and asked Banqiao, "What do you think this poem should do?" Zheng Banqiao intoned, "Who has a beautiful daughter? Why did she fall off the bridge? The hair turns with the waves and the powder is full of waves. " This story tells us that every word and sentence of the composition should not be taken for granted, but should be implemented, grounded and able to withstand scrutiny.
There is another story: once upon a time, there was a craftsman who made drums. His drums are loud, even in rainy weather and high humidity, and they never change their tune, which is very popular with users. In order to pass on the experience of drumming to future generations, he wrote the following drumming song:
Cover the skin tightly and nail it firmly; Sunny or rainy, knock the same sound.
After writing, he felt verbose and revised it again, changing each sentence into three words: cover it tightly and nail it tightly; Sunny and rainy, same sound. After careful consideration, he felt that it was not concise enough, so every sentence was changed to two words: tight cover, tight nail; Rain or shine, simultaneously. As you can see, it used to take 20 words to express the meaning, but now it only takes 8 words, the meaning remains the same, but the syllables are compact and the words are concise. It enlightens us that after writing, we need to think carefully, delete redundant words, understand the meaning in one sentence, and never use two words, "just talk without doing", so as to be concise and get twice the result with half the effort. Zheng Banqiao once wrote a poem to sum up his painting experience: forty years, painting bamboo branches, writing by day and thinking at night; Cut off all redundancy and leave thin, and the painting is born and familiar. Art is interlinked, so is writing? My friends, you might as well try to revise your composition, and you will succeed.
Once upon a time, there was a drum song with only 20 words in total. The lyrics are as follows:
Cover the skin tightly and nail it firmly.
It rains on a sunny day, so it all sounds the same.
Later, in the process of folk recitation, it was deleted and changed to 12:
Cover it tightly and nail it firmly.
Sunny and rainy, same sound.
Later, some people felt that it was not concise enough, so they changed it to eight words:
Nails are tight, sunny and rainy.