The era of Confucius' life
Confucius (55 BC1,that is, the twenty-fourth year of Duke Xiang of Lu? In 479 BC, in the sixteenth year of Lu Aigong, he was named Kong Qiu and Zhong Ni. Confucius was born in in the late Spring and Autumn Period, which is now Qufu. He was a great thinker, educator, politician and the originator of Confucianism in the Spring and Autumn Period. Confucius is a descendant of nobles who left the Yin Dynasty. Earlier, his ancestors fled the Song State, so Xiayi in the Song State was his ancestral home, located in Xiayi County, Shangqiu, Henan Province.
During the Spring and Autumn Period, the economic and political system of the Western Zhou Dynasty collapsed, and social unrest and wars continued. In this difficult social and political life environment, Confucius once occupied an important position, fighting against the forces of Shandong and nobility and easing class contradictions. He sympathized with the people, loved the people as a son, and advocated Zhang Yiren to govern the country, hoping to restore order in the Western Zhou Dynasty. In this country where the political and economic system collapsed, Confucius' living conditions were extremely difficult. However, he is diligent and eager to learn, humbly consults famous teachers, travels around the world all his life, devotes himself to giving lectures to tourists, and promotes his own educational and political thoughts. The achievements of his educational thought are: putting forward? Don't teach in class 、? Teaching students in accordance with their aptitude? 、? Not ashamed to ask? 、? Never tire of learning and never tire of teaching? What else does this educational thought and spirit advocate? Review the past and learn the new? ,? Study from time to time? Learning skills, etc. , the first private lecture atmosphere in history; Politically, propose? A gift? , create? Ren? The theory of.
After the death of Confucius, emperors of all dynasties mourned for him. So far, Confucius' thoughts and theories have become the traditional culture of the Chinese nation and have a long history of influence. Later generations revered Confucius as a saint.
Hometown of Confucius
Confucius' hometown is located in the southwest of Shandong province, in which the population of Confucius accounts for 1/5 of the whole county-level city, which means it has a history of several thousand years? Qufu, the holy city of the East. ? For thousands of years, rites and music have been returned to Donglu, and people have been wearing clothes to worship the king throughout the ages? A world-famous place cannot be separated from the name of Confucius.
As the greatest philosopher in the world, Confucius is not only the founder of Confucianism in China, but also the cornerstone of the whole oriental culture, and has gradually become the orthodox culture of China in the long history of thousands of years. In his hometown Qufu? Three holes? On the one hand, it includes Confucius Temple, Confucius House and Confucius Forest. It was also listed as a world cultural heritage because of Confucius' prominent position in culture, and later the world honored it as one of the three holy cities in the world.
Confucius is a great thinker, politician and educator, and also a great cultural giant with far-reaching influence on later generations. The ideas he founded were recognized as orthodox ideas, and then his ideas spread to some European countries, which greatly promoted the enlightenment culture in Europe at that time. Therefore, in order to commemorate and express respect for Confucius and Confucianism advocated by later generations, a large-scale Confucius Building was built in his hometown of Qufu, Shandong Province. Among them, Confucius Temple is the place where people worship Confucius in past dynasties. It is mainly located in the center of Qufu. About Confucius, it is the place where Confucius' descendants live. In ancient times, it was called. Feast the Duke's House? But now it's called? Number one in the world? . Kong Lin is the graveyard of Confucius and his descendants, and it is also the oldest and most well-preserved family tomb group in the world.
Confucius' position
We have seen the influence of Confucius on later generations. If we want to study Confucius and carry forward Confucianism, then we need to know the position of Confucius in history. Confucius' position in different periods is different. Later generations called Confucius the sage of Confucius. During the Cultural Revolution, Confucius became the object of people's struggle, so the status of Confucius was different in different periods.
Historically speaking, Confucius was originally a teacher. His teaching philosophy is relatively innovative, breaking the boundaries of education and thinking that everyone has the opportunity to receive education. This is innovation. After the death of Confucius, his status gradually rose, and people called him the most holy teacher. He changed from an ordinary teacher to a super teacher.
In the second century BC, Confucius was honored as a destiny and succeeded Zhou as king. Spring and Autumn Annals has been evaluated as a political work, and its ethical and political views have gone beyond the scope and height of chronicles.
In the first century BC, Confucius was gradually deified, and the political ideal he established in Spring and Autumn Annals was enough for the political implementation of the Han Dynasty, so people positioned Confucius with a living god.
At the beginning of the first century A.D., a group of rationalist Confucians appeared. Here, Confucius' position has changed. He came down from the position of God, but he was there. The most sacred teacher? The status is still very high.
/kloc-At the end of 0/9th century, Confucius was crowned king by destiny, but it didn't last long. After the founding of the Republic of China, the status of Confucius declined rapidly.
By the Cultural Revolution, Confucius' Confucianism had suffered a great blow, and many of his cultural relics were destroyed at that time. However, the status of Confucius was restored in later generations, and people worked hard to learn Confucius' thoughts and set their own moral standards.
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