The status of "ecological literature" in Russian literary world in the 20th century attracted worldwide attention. At the same time, there are a large number of ecological literature works in Russian literary world, which are rich in content and broad in field, making them the best in the world literature. Leonov's novel Russian Forest inherits and develops Prishvin's ecological literature thought, and he puts forward the slogan of protecting forest resources, which is very important in the development of Russian ecological literature in the 20th century. There are also many eco-writers who are constantly creating with the theme of "man and nature". In the mid-20th century, Russian ecological literature entered a golden stage. During this period, a large number of mature ecological works appeared. For example, O Siberia by Markov, Farewell to Maggiora and Live, Remember by rasputin, The Fish King by Astafyev, Don't Shoot the White Swan by Vasilyev, etc. Both appeared in the 1960s, and these works brought the purist tradition to the extreme. Many writers combine the theme of protecting nature with the dispute between good and evil, and connect it with the traditional moral theme, which is one of the most important manifestations of this period. In 1980s and 1990s, the consciousness of harmonious coexistence between man and nature has risen to global consciousness. Writers have created many excellent works from multi-dimensional perspectives, multi-themes and all-directions. Writers in different periods have many different views on the relationship between man and nature, man and society and man's understanding. At the same time, they explore the new order, new laws and new connotations between man and nature based on ideology and morality.