In July this year, the unemployment rate in big cities in China continued to be below 5%, which remained at a low level; The national urban survey unemployment rate is about 5. 1%, lower than the same period last year. This set of data shows that the current employment situation in China is generally stable.
Experts pointed out that the stable macroeconomic operation and continuous optimization of the economic structure have provided strong support for the stability of the employment situation in China. However, because the total employment is still huge and structural contradictions still exist, it is still necessary to put employment and entrepreneurship in a more prominent position.
New kinetic energy creates new jobs.
In the first seven months of this year, 8.55 million new jobs were created in cities and towns nationwide, an increase of 200,000 over the same period of last year, and employment remained stable and positive.
From 20 12 to 20 16, the total number of employed people in China maintained steady growth, reaching 767.04 million, 769.77 million, 772.53 million, 7745 100 and 776.03 million respectively, with an average annual growth of 2.25 million.
"China's employment situation is stable and positive, which is achieved by accelerating the elimination of backward production capacity, eliminating zombie enterprises and resolving excess production capacity." Mao Shengyong, spokesman of the National Bureau of Statistics, said.
Xu Hongcai, deputy chief economist of China International Economic Exchange Center, believes that economic development has obvious linkage effect on expanding employment. The smooth operation of macro-economy has played a vital supporting role in stabilizing employment.
The data shows that under the background of economic growth shifting and the total working-age population is still huge, China's economic development and employment expansion are effectively linked, and the employment elasticity of economic growth is enhanced. From 20 12 to 20 16, for every percentage point of GDP growth, non-agricultural employment increased by 1 720,000, an increase of 300,000 compared with 2009-20 1 1.
Mao Shengyong analyzed that as China's economic development enters a new normal, the excess capacity of traditional industries is gradually resolved, new kinetic energy is continuously cultivated, and the transformation of old and new kinetic energy is accelerated. In the field of manufacturing, the emerging manufacturing industry is accelerating.
Dragon; In the service sector, emerging service industries are growing. The growth of new kinetic energy has created new jobs, and the increased employment capacity is greater than the number of employees who need to be resettled in the process of resolving excess capacity.
At the same time, the service industry has also played the role of employment reservoir, and its ability to absorb employment is relatively strong. "In recent years, China's service industry has developed rapidly and the proportion of added value has continued to increase. In addition, flexible employment, self-employment and flexible employment have increased, and the vigorous development of mass entrepreneurship and innovation has provided good conditions for various forms of employment. " Mao Shengyong said.
Feng, a professor of economics at the National School of Administration, said that with the upsurge of "mass entrepreneurship and innovation", many people can strive for the opportunity to realize their dreams through their own efforts. They exist not only in the self.
Give play to one's strengths in one's own post, release one's wisdom, and create more jobs for the society in the process of starting a business. More importantly, as more and more entrepreneurs succeed, their stories will inspire more people to be themselves.
Fighting for one's dreams and promoting the rise of entrepreneurial wave are conducive to better promoting employment through entrepreneurship.
Structural contradictions to be solved
Many experts said that at present, China is in the stage of economic speed regulation and gear shifting, coupled with the continuous advancement of supply-side structural reforms, especially the implementation of de-capacity and the accelerated liquidation of "zombie enterprises", future employment will still face considerable pressure.
Feng believes that with the continuous advancement of economic restructuring, some industries will accelerate the elimination of backward production capacity or reduce the scale of production capacity, which will inevitably lead to a group of workers being laid off or unemployed. These groups often do not have strong competitiveness in the labor market, which will bring great pressure to the subsequent employment placement.
"Another big group is college graduates." Feng said that there are a huge number of college graduates in China every year. From 2065438 to 2007, the total number of college graduates in China was close to 8 million, with both increment and increase.
Beyond previous years. These college students have just moved from school to society and have high expectations for their future. However, this group often has little contact with society, and their vocational skills still need to be honed, so they are competitive in the job market.
Yes, very weak.
Xu Hongcai also believes that China needs a lot of workers' resettlement and re-employment in the process of promoting de-capacity and zombie enterprises' withdrawal. A new round of training for these employees' knowledge structure and work skills will cost them both.
Not a small cost, but also takes some time, and the ideological change of some employees also needs a process. All these factors will bring more uncertainty to the resettlement work. At the same time, vocational education itself has shortcomings, and many enterprises
Institutions are reluctant to spend money on on-the-job training. In addition, there is a shortage of talents in some high-tech fields in China, and there are more talents in commodities. The mismatch between employment supply and demand structure is prominent and will also
Become a major constraint.
"In recent years, due to the continuous expansion of colleges and universities, new urbanization has been continuously promoted, and the economic growth rate is in the process of shifting gears, especially the sluggish external demand, overcapacity, and zombie enterprises' lingering'. These factors are all there.
It has aggravated the employment pressure in China to varying degrees. Yang, a researcher at the National Governance Collaborative Innovation Center, pointed out that with the continuous acceleration of urbanization, more and more rural surplus labor forces are shifting to cities. From another angle
Look, the continuous advancement of de-capacity has objectively caused the reduction of employment carriers; The popularization and application of artificial intelligence will further squeeze the employment demand of general-purpose skills in the future. Overall, the total employment in China is still huge.
Major contradictions and structural contradictions still exist, and employment problems in some fields and industries are still outstanding.
Some experts also pointed out that at present, many traditional industrial enterprises have transformed "overt unemployment" into "covert unemployment", and the common means are salary reduction, wage arrears, unpaid leave, internal leave, and delayed entry. This "invisible unemployment" is not as conspicuous as the "laid-off tide", but it virtually erodes the welfare of employees and the defense line of social stability.
Continue to promote employment and entrepreneurship.
Employment is the biggest livelihood. At present, China still needs to put employment and entrepreneurship in a more prominent position, take employment as the priority goal of sustained and healthy economic development and harmonious improvement of people's livelihood, innovate macro-control methods, take stability and expansion of employment as the lower limit of interval control, and do everything possible to increase employment.
Feng suggested that at present, the secondary industry in China is experiencing contraction and adjustment, while the tertiary sector will continue to expand. In this process, thousands of small and medium-sized enterprises and small and micro enterprises will be born in the tertiary industry.
Enterprises will become an important "position" to absorb employment. Therefore, we should conform to the general trend of economic transformation and upgrading, not focus entirely on the secondary industry sector, but vigorously promote the development of service industry, so as to promote the continuous expansion of employment.
It's huge.
"We should pay special attention to encouraging the development of the new economy to solve the structural contradictions faced by employment in China." Feng said that the new economy is an important direction of China's economic development in the future. Compared with other countries, China has the most.
The areas with the most advantages, development foundation and prospects are concentrated in the new economy. The development of new economy can provide jobs for newly graduated college students and high-quality labor force. So we must firmly grasp it.
Seize the opportunity of new economic development, vigorously promote decentralization, combination of decentralization and management, optimize service reform, promote the innovative development of new industries, new formats and new business models, adapt to changes in the demand of the job market, and create more employment opportunities.
Yang suggested that it is necessary to strengthen training, improve the skills and quality of the labor force, and help more workers occupy jobs that artificial intelligence technology cannot replace. Shoes and hats are needed in any era, but the key is how to
Make the quality and style of shoes, hats and clothing more in line with individual needs. This not only requires enterprise innovation, but also poses new challenges to front-line workers. Only front-line workers participate in the innovation process more consciously and constantly improve their skills.
In order to better hold the rice bowl firmly in your own hands. At present, we should try our best to expand the employment field, create new growth poles and support systems internally, and improve them through the implementation of strategies such as the Yangtze River Economic Belt and the integration of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei.
Employment support ability; Externally, it is necessary to lay out bilateral multilateral cooperation, regional cooperation, plurilateral cooperation and international strategic overall docking cooperation to promote China workers to go abroad for production, marketing, R&D and entrepreneurship.
Xu Hongcai suggested that we should strive to create a good business environment, actively cultivate and grow new market players, and strive to create more jobs; It is necessary to guide local governments to actively participate in the whole country and even the whole country from their own comparative advantages.
Global employment division system; While actively creating employment opportunities, the government should further strengthen employment training to help more workers improve their labor skills. At the same time, strive to create a good entrepreneurial environment, so that they are brave in starting a business.
Join the tide of entrepreneurship.
There is no job you can't find, only jobs you don't want to do.