Colorado is near the canyon. There is a Chebap prairie with many deer on it. Although the water plants here are rich and beautiful, the number of wild deer is always around 4000, and the grass will not increase much no matter how good it grows. It has been found that it is impossible to increase the number of deer because of natural enemies such as deer, wolf and puma. So, from 1907, people began to fight wolves and mountain lions. After 10 years of efforts, wolves and mountain lions were beaten without a trace, and wild deer rose year by year. To 1942, reaching 65438+ ten thousand. Who knows, the number of wild deer decreased sharply in the following two winters. This is because the number of deer continued to decrease, and by the 1940s, there were only about 1 1,000 deer left. At this time, people were surprised to find that although there were fewer deer, there was still not enough grass to eat, because the explosive development of deer brought devastating damage to grassland vegetation in the 1920s, and grass could not grow in many places. After many years, this grassland has not been restored.
In the grassland ecosystem, deer eat grass and wolves eat deer. After the wolf died, after microbial decomposition, the body became fertilizer and was absorbed by the grass. This forms a food chain. In the past, how much grass grew on the grassland, how many deer were fed by the grass, and how many wolves were fed by the deer, all of which were within a certain range and maintained relative stability and balance. However, after the wolf was eliminated, the balance was broken and the whole grassland changed greatly. Once this change happens, there should be a chain reaction that cannot be recovered in a short time.
In the ecosystem, every creature occupies its own position and plays a certain role, which is irreplaceable by anyone.
The image of the wolf is cruel and fierce, but this is only one aspect, which has been exaggerated by people. Wolf is also a link in the whole biological chain, which plays a very important role in protecting ecological balance; I think this truth is easy to understand. I want to tell you a true story reported on TV the other day. I don't know if you have seen it. It is said that a wolf came to a village. At first, the villagers were afraid. Later, they found that wolves don't hurt people, and there are fewer and fewer rabbits destroying crops. People are no longer afraid of it, and even children are afraid to go near it. But things didn't go so peacefully. Trouble is coming. At first, some people found that the chicken was lost, and there was hard evidence that it was the wolf who stole the chicken. Not only that, people found that the wolf was pregnant again. The villagers were on pins and needles for fear that it would attract other wolves. People's worries are justified. Can it get pregnant without a male wolf? At this time, the relevant departments of the county became alert and launched a carpet search within dozens of kilometers of Fiona Fang. I didn't find any clues. It was not until this female wolf began to dig and dig holes, grab grass and prepare for childbirth that someone reminded: Is it the big black dog in the village? Is it? Finally, wolves were born, and two of them were black, just like the big black dog in the village. You said the big black dog didn't do it well. Who did?
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If opponents say wolves are cruel, have you ever thought that if wolves are cruel enough to hunt animals weaker than them, then it is not cruel for humans to hunt wolves? Besides, wolves also have many advantages. For example, wolves are United, and they often rely on the strength of unity when hunting. Wolves are responsible, patient, intelligent, affectionate, affectionate and so on. Therefore, wolves should not be killed, or they will lose their ecological balance.
Although the wolf is a very ferocious animal, it still has the function of existence. 1. If deer is killed, other animals may continue to grow, leading to ecological imbalance and vicious circle. 2. The killing of a wolf still has an impact on people. For example, if the wolf is killed, the deer will continue to grow. Sick deer will survive. All trees and other vegetation will be eaten up, leading to flooding. When the flood comes, it can't be resisted, so
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Everything has its value, because everything is complementary. If you kill a wolf, it will affect the ecological balance and cause a vicious circle. Now, tigers, lions and other animals can be tamed in zoos. Why can't there be a place for wolves? Life is only once for them, and they expect human beings to give them care and protection. If it weren't for the vicious killing of human beings, how could something like SARS happen one after another that caught human beings off guard? So I think it's time for human beings to stop and wake up their beast with our kindness! I don't approve of killing wolves.
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The key to maintaining ecological balance is not to kill or not, but to have a degree. When wolves threaten the ecological balance, killing some may help the balance, but when there are too few wolves, it will have terrible consequences. There is an example, please refer to some.
Colorado is near the canyon. There is a Chebap prairie with many deer on it. Although the water plants here are rich and beautiful, the number of wild deer is always around 4000, and the grass will not increase much no matter how good it grows. It has been found that it is impossible to increase the number of deer because of natural enemies such as deer, wolf and puma. So, from 1907, people began to fight wolves and mountain lions. After 10 years of efforts, wolves and mountain lions were beaten without a trace, and wild deer rose year by year. To 1942, reaching 65438+ ten thousand. Who knows, the number of wild deer decreased sharply in the following two winters. This is because the number of deer continued to decrease, and by the 1940s, there were only about 1 1,000 deer left. At this time, people were surprised to find that although there were fewer deer, there was still not enough grass to eat, because the explosive development of deer brought devastating damage to grassland vegetation in the 1920s, and grass could not grow in many places. After many years, this grassland has not been restored.
In the grassland ecosystem, deer eat grass and wolves eat deer. After the wolf died, after microbial decomposition, the body became fertilizer and was absorbed by the grass. This forms a food chain. In the past, how much grass grew on the grassland, how many deer were fed by the grass, and how many wolves were fed by the deer, all of which were within a certain range and maintained relative stability and balance. However, after the wolf was eliminated, the balance was broken and the whole grassland changed greatly. Once this change happens, there should be a chain reaction that cannot be recovered in a short time.
In the ecosystem, every creature occupies its own position and plays a certain role, which is irreplaceable by anyone.
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Many countries in the world have gradually begun to show friendly attitude towards wolves. People changed the old attitude of extinction, made room for wolves to live, and reintroduced wolves into the territory once occupied by their ancestors.
There are too few wolves. In North America, where wolves used to be everywhere, humans were killed in large numbers, either to satisfy the genetic inertia of hunting, or to protect family property, or to prefer to protect some rarer animals (such as deer and bison). It is said that 200 million wolves were wiped out during the great development of the United States alone.
In Europe, wolves have been living in a state of being squeezed by modern human civilization since the industrial revolution. Wolves in the British Isles bear the brunt. 1743, the world map of wolves no longer includes there. After that, wolves in France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Denmark, Switzerland and other countries disappeared one after another, and wolves in Germany and Italy could only survive in a narrow area.
In China, the policy of encouraging wolves to fight for decades has kept most people in China from smelling wolves for a long time. In the past, except for some islands, there were wolves in a vast area, but now only some wolves are distributed on the western border.
1962, Rachel Carson, an American popular science writer, published the book Silent Spring after a large number of investigations on the ecological damage caused by pesticides. The book describes that human beings may face a silent world without birds, bees and butterflies. It is this unusual book that has aroused people's attention to wildlife around the world and aroused people's awareness of environmental protection.
1 1973 In September, Stockholm, Sweden, the Species Survival Committee of the World Conservation Union set up a "Wolf Expert Group" here, and drafted and published the Declaration on the Protection of Wolves: "Wolves are very important creatures in many lives on earth, and they have the right to live on this earth."
Wolf expert group is an international organization with more than 20 countries participating. The wolf expert group holds an international conference every year to exchange and study various issues related to wolves in order to promote the movement of protecting wolves.
People have a deep-rooted idea that wolves are evil. In order to persuade people to protect wolves, scientists must first understand wolves and then tell the public what they know.
In Erie, a quiet town in Minnesota, USA, there is a special research institution-World Wolf Research Center. Many researchers gather here every year, including experts with topics and visiting scholars from all over the world. At the same time, there are dozens of students studying for degrees here.
The tools used by the center to study wolves are very advanced, including helicopters, airships, snowmobiles and light aircraft that can be pushed by one person. Observation equipment includes all kinds of high-power and low-power cameras, as well as radio tracking vehicles equipped with satellite positioning systems. Such advanced equipment is to better study the distribution, number, migration and predation of wolves, as well as their family status and mental state. Sufficient research has enabled scientists to know more about wolves. They have told people these things and dispelled people's original worries.
There are museums and exhibition rooms in the research center, both of which are open to the public. The purpose is to publicize that wolves should be treated correctly. At the same time, there will be many wolf seminars every year. This kind of seminar is community-oriented, and you can attend it as long as you want. There are ranchers, hairdressers, bakers, yellow-mouthed children and old people. People can ask experts various questions about wolves here. The audience ranged from dozens to six or seven hundred, and even young mothers were listening with their children in their arms. There is a microphone in the aisle, so people can ask questions at any time. The questions are also varied, and no one thinks your questions are amateurs.
"Is the wolf harmful or beneficial to people?"
"What if I meet a wolf in the wild?"
"Do wolves eat people?"
Experts will answer all questions. The special issue of the seminar linked to this link, Wolf, informs the information of wolves, presents the distribution of wolves in various countries, and expounds the problems faced by wolves. This magazine also includes the contributions of fans from all over the world, as well as their drawings, some of which show the power of wolves, some show the cuteness of little wolves and so on. According to statistics, more than 1000 articles are published through it every year and shared with fans all over the world. In addition, the research center also has a special website, which is convenient for people to know everything about wolves without leaving home.
It's not easy to make people like wolves. For example, many people hate wolves barking. Experts from the World Wolf Research Center try their best to let people know that wolves' cries are no different from human voices. They are proficient in "wolf language", and david michie, a wolf expert, is one of them. If you are a visiting scholar, or a person who travels to Yili town, you will have a chance to hear his conversation with the wolf. He put his hands over his mouth, raised his chin a little, and let out a long "wow" sound. After a while, there will be wolves barking on the opposite mountain.
David michie can imitate a dozen wolves. Some wolves are sending messages asking their companions to hunt. Some wolves are expressing their feelings, fear or hunger and so on. Many visiting scholars or tourists are very keen on imitating wolf howling, especially when they can hear the wolf's response. However, most people's wolf language is too nonstandard for wolves to understand, so many people take david michie's Wolf Quotations home and tell people their adventures. Unconsciously, the gloomy howl becomes beautiful.
The original intention of imitating wolf howling is actually to study wolves. Mr. Tang Xiyang, a famous environmentalist, once wrote in his article that wolves hide in the depths of the forest, have no fixed nests, come and go indefinitely, and have a wide range of activities, so it is too difficult to observe in the wild. Since the 1960s, it has become an effective way to track wolves by imitating their cries to stimulate their responses. This method was first advocated by the late Canadian biologist Dr. Douglas. They began to record the wolf's cry and play it in the forest at night. On August 5th 1958, the recording of the wolf howling really got the response of the real wolf. In the future, in order to reduce the inconvenience of carrying recording equipment, they used imitating wolf barking instead of recording, and achieved the same effect.
This is a major breakthrough. Because the wolf's howling, sometimes it is the mutual echo between families, sometimes it is the collective chorus when the groups meet, and sometimes it is the warning to defend their territory. These are all important means for wolves to communicate and exchange information, and they are almost the only means in the dark jungle. Through this method, people can not only find the "gathering place" of wolves, but also understand the number, distribution and population structure of wolves and the biological significance of the howl itself.
Scientists study wolves to restore their true colors. When people get rid of their fear of wolves, the next step is to reintroduce wolves into their previous habitats. Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming, USA, is a typical example of success. Before 1872, Yellowstone National Park was a hunting ground and slaughterhouse for people. A large number of wild animals, including wolves, were hunted, and people held hunting competitions here. At that time, newspapers often reported.
Later, people realized the seriousness of the problem and began to protect the wildlife in Huangshi National Park. Deer become lucky, but wolves continue their tragic fate. By 1995, wolves in Yellowstone National Park were almost extinct. Without natural enemies, deer breed in large numbers, which puts great pressure on forests and grasslands. For example, the beautiful poplars in Huangshi National Park have been eaten by deer and have withered. Herbivores such as sea otters are gradually decreasing due to lack of food; At the same time, the deer itself is caught in the dilemma of hunger and disease. Obesity, fatty liver, hypertension, gallstones and other diseases plague deer, resulting in a significant decline in the number and quality of deer.
1995 65438+ 10, Yellowstone national park welcomed the first group of guests they brought back with a million dollars-14 Canadian grey wolf. A year later, another 17 grey wolf came here.
The introduction of wolves brought the expected effect. The number of deer decreased from 20,000 to10,000. Deer will no longer stay leisurely in the valley. They choose to move in the open area so that they can see the enemy at any time. Poplar has sprouted again, so don't worry about being chewed off immediately; The sea otter swam back and stopped a small dam on the water.
The success of Yellowstone National Park has attracted the attention of other States in the United States, and now about a dozen States in the United States are considering the introduction and recovery plan of wolves.
Speaking of the introduction of wolves, a story in France is particularly interesting. There were no wolves in France, but 1992, 1 1 One day in June, several wolves crossed the border from neighboring Italy to the Mocanto National Park in France. After receiving this news, the French government immediately sent an expert group to the border to closely monitor these wolves and prevent them from returning to Italy. In this way, France once again became a country with wolves, and these wolves also thrived in France.
There was a reason why wolves fled Italy. In the 1970s, the prospect of wolves living in Italy was very bleak. The Qishan Mountain in Aber has almost become the last habitat of wolves in this country. No one knows how many wolves are left, but poaching continues. However, the Italians did not continue to force the wolves there to cross the Alps. On the contrary, they took very effective protective measures. Now, the number of wolves has increased to several hundred.
Not only in France and Italy, but also in quite a few European countries, wolves have been completely protected. Spain has made remarkable achievements in this respect, and established wolf reserves in Galicia and asturias successively. At present, the number of wolves has exceeded 2000, which is three times that of ten years ago. The Spanish government also expressly stipulates that farmers who suffer losses due to wolves attacking livestock will be compensated. The Swedish government has done the same.
In recent years, the number and distribution range of wolves in some European countries have been increasing. Different from the past, Europeans are now consciously letting them expand. The survival of wolves depends on gene exchange between adjacent populations, and the highly fragmented habitats in Europe require people to carefully analyze and manage population fragmentation.
Poland has set an example in this regard. In Poland, scientists believe that the destruction of highways has cut off the natural migration channels of wolves, which is a very important reason for the decline of wolf population. They have begun to investigate and collect the number, distribution and migration route of wolves in Poland in detail. Prepare for wolf migration planning ecological corridor.
Germany introduced wolves from Poland, and it is said that Britain also has this plan. The achievements of European countries in protecting wolves come from their efforts for more than ten years. From 65438 to 0992, the "European Wolf Network" formulated the "European Wolf Protection Strategy", and formulated the principles, programs and action plans according to the specific conditions in Europe. Where the biological and economic conditions are feasible, the wolves should be restored, and at the same time, the exchanges between countries should be strengthened, and the compromise scheme to ensure the coexistence and sustainable development of werewolves should be tested to ensure the protection of wolves in the whole European continent.
In other parts of the world, the movement to protect wolves is also carried out to varying degrees. Russia is one of the countries with the most wolves in the world. There are nearly 60,000 wolves in China, and the government stipulates that they should be killed regularly, but at the same time, it requires a detailed plan, and it is not allowed to catch and kill them indiscriminately. In addition, a special research institution for wolves has been set up to regularly monitor the population change, distribution law and influence on local people, so as to control the wolf's reproduction scientifically and reasonably. The situation in Canada and Russia is similar.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the last wolf in Japan became extinct. But the Japanese have deep feelings for wolves, and they have never stopped exploring them. The "Wolf Research Society" in Japan, led by Professor Yukio Wanshan, is devoted to the study of the wolf problem. The association has more than 300 members and regularly publishes publications and holds seminars. At the same time, members of the Association were also organized to visit China, Mongolia and other wolf-prone areas. At the same time, the "Wolf Park" in Hokkaido, Japan educates the public, introduces the recuperation of wolves, and popularizes the knowledge of wolves. The purpose is to tell people that wolves are intelligent creatures and can live in harmony with people.
In the provinces with developed animal husbandry in China, such as Xinjiang, Qinghai and Inner Mongolia, there are more wolves. The policy has been greatly adjusted from "resolutely eliminating wolves and giving material rewards to hunters" to "moderately controlling the number of wolves and not hunting indiscriminately". In many provinces, such as Heilongjiang and Jilin, wolves have become protected animals, which is a great change in our attitude towards wolves from superiors to subordinates, from the government to the people.
Governments in many countries have used the money they used to encourage wolves to fight to set up foundations to encourage the research and protection of wolves. Compared with the government, some NGOs participated in wolf protection earlier. Now, international wolf protection groups include "International Wolf Shelter" and so on. In addition, countries also have corresponding wolf protection institutions, such as the North American Wolf Association, the American Wolf Protection Center, the Wolf Education Research Center, and the Wolf Ecological Engineering Research Institute. Japan's "Wolf Association"; The British "Wolf Development Foundation" and so on. Many conservation organizations also have their own publications, such as the International Wolf, Wolf Talk and Wolf Yearbook.
The whole world has invested great enthusiasm in protecting wolves, and more and more people will have the opportunity to participate in this cause personally, and the survival of wolves on the earth will be more and more guaranteed. Wolves are United, cooperative, persistent and loyal.
Legal protection of quantitative ecological balance
1 an expert said that the mood is understandable, but the mouth of killing wolves must not be opened. Who can make the purpose of "killing wolves and protecting sheep" not go astray? Who will control the amount of "moderate killing"? Besides, can killing wolves protect sheep? Experts went on to say that the ecological balance cannot be separated from wolves. First of all, wolves explain the restoration of grassland vegetation and the restoration and formation of food chain on grassland. For example, the rampant rodent infestation on the grassland every year may be contained by the increase in the number of wolves.
Wolves are cruel. If it is cruel to kill weak animals, isn't it cruel for humans to kill wolves? Then you are not like a wolf!
Viewpoint Animals are friends of human beings, and no creature has the right to kill any kind of animals.